Robust speed sensorless induction motor drive

A speed sensorless induction motor (IM) drive with robust control characteristics is introduced. First, a speed observation system, which is insensitive to the variations of motor parameters, is derived based on the concept of sliding mode. Next, an integral-proportional (IP) speed controller using the estimated speed signal is designed to stabilize the speed loop. Then, to preserve the robust control performance under parameter variations and external load disturbance, an adaptive uncertainty observer with feedforward control is proposed. The adaptive uncertainty observer is implemented to estimate the lump of uncertainty of the controlled plant. To increase the accuracy of the estimated values, the speed observation system is implemented using a digital signal processor (DSP) with a high sampling rate     

Robust variable structure speed control for induction motor drive

In order to eliminate the effect of parameter variation on field-oriented control for induction motor drive, an adaptation algorithm for tuning the rotor time-constant is proposed. Based on the adaptive observation of the rotor flux linkages, the rotor time-constant is adapted to obtain an exact indirect-field-oriented control (IFOC). In this proposed algorithm, a related function to the variation of the rotor time-constant is designed, then the accurate slip frequency needed for IFOC is obtained from this error function through a PI-type (proportional-integral) filter. Furthermore, a novel variable structure speed control with integral sliding surface is proposed under the adaptive field-oriented operation. By means of the variable structure speed control, the dynamics of motor speed have the property of an exponentially convergent rate. Using the proposed adaptive field-oriented control and the variable structure speed control, the IFOC is robust to the variation of the rotor time-constant and the speed control is insensitive to parameter uncertainty and load disturbance. Finally, some simulation and experimental results are presented to validate the effectiveness     

Advanced measurement of rotor vibration in electric drives

The combination of microelectronic acceleration transducers and an RF telemetry link can provide a reliable means of measuring shaft vibrations of electric drives. Clear advantages include the possibility of installing the instrumentation into currently existing motor systems without any need to use flexible couplings or mounts. The proposed system covers frequencies up to several kilohertz and can handle torque transients of 20 Nm with a typical uncertainty of 1%. The preliminary system is extendable to cover adaptive control of dynamic drive performance and can be customized to specific speed and torque ranges     

Adaptive fuzzy terminal sliding mode control for the free-floating space manipulator with free-swinging joint failure

Space manipulator with free-swinging joint failure simultaneously contains kinematic and dynamic coupling relationships, so it belongs to a new underactuated system. To allow the manipulator to carry on tasks, an effective robust underactuated control method for the space manipulator with free-swinging joint failure is studied in this paper. Considering the effect of model uncertainty and joint torque disturbance, a robust underactuated control system based on the Terminal Sliding Mode Controller (TSMC) is designed, but two drawbacks are discussed: (A) Robustness depraves with eliminating chattering. (B) Control parameters are difficult to be determined under unknown uncertainty and disturbance. To improve the TSMC, the adaptive fuzzy controller is introduced to estimate the real effect of unknown uncertainty and disturbance according to deviations of sliding mode and its reaching law. The estimated result is directly compensated into active joints torque. In simulation, the space manipulator with free-swinging joint executes tasks based on the TSMC and the Adaptive Fuzzy Terminal Sliding Mode Controller (AFTSMC) respectively. Same tasks can be finished with smaller joints torque and stronger robustness based on the AFTSMC. Therefore, AFTSMC can serve as an effective robust control method for the space manipulator with free-swinging joint failure under unknown model uncertainty and torque disturbance.     

电力机车PMSM自适应模糊滑模控制

为研究牵引工况下电力机车永磁同步电机(PMSM)的转速控制精度,考虑轮轨接触不平顺及车体静载荷在轮对径向产生的未知时变负载转矩,建立了机车PMSM在dq坐标系下的数学模型。针对该耦合非线性系统中存在的负载转矩,设计非线性转矩观测器对其实际值进行估计,对观测误差采用自适应模糊逻辑系统进行逼近;为考察d轴电压过零跳变对转速控制及转矩观测性能的影响,在d轴电压控制器设计中引入Nussbaum函数,并依据Lyapunov稳定性理论,构造了基于转矩观测器的自适应模糊滑模控制器。理论分析及仿真结果表明,当转矩时变或d轴电压过零时,机车PMSM闭环转速控制系统跟踪误差一致有界,转矩观测误差收敛于0。     

RFNN control for PMLSM drive via backstepping technique

A robust fuzzy neural network (RFNN) control system is proposed in this study to control the position of the mover of a permanent magnet linear synchronous motor (PMLSM) drive system to track periodic reference trajectories. First, an ideal feedback linearization control law is designed based on the backstepping technique. Then, a fuzzy neural network (FNN) controller is designed to be the main tracking controller of the proposed RFNN control system to mimic an ideal feedback linearization control law, and a robust controller is proposed to confront the shortcoming of the FNN controller. Moreover, to relax the requirement for the bound of uncertainty term, which comprises a minimum approximation error, optimal parameter vectors and higher order terms in Taylor series, an adaptive bound estimation is investigated where a simple adaptive algorithm is utilized to estimate the bound of uncertainty. Furthermore, the simulated and experimental results due to periodic reference trajectories demonstrate that the dynamic behaviors of the proposed control systems are robust with regard to uncertainties.     

基于MTPA的内置式永磁同步电机转矩预测控制

针对采用矢量控制方法的内置式永磁同步电机(IPMSM)存在解耦复杂、附加优化目标难以融入系统控制等问题,提出了一种基于最大转矩电流比(MTPA)的IPMSM转矩预测控制方法。在推导MTPA控制原理的基础上,分析了转矩预测的控制机理及性能指标函数。22 kW试验样机的仿真与试验结果表明,系统稳态及全局加减负载条件下调速性能良好、转矩动态响应迅速。该方法在重载条件下定子电流利用率显著提高,满足电动车辆驱动控制系统的性能和效率指标要求。     

高效强力复合铣A轴的动力学建模与自适应滑模控制

A轴单元作为五轴数控机床的关键功能部件,其控制精度直接影响工件的加工精度和表面质量。针对系统参数摄动和不确定性切削负载对A轴伺服系统控制精度的影响,分析了A轴驱动系统的动静态性能,讨论了驱动扭矩、负载扭矩、运动方向和系统参数之间的相互关系,并建立了系统的非线性动力学模型。基于该动力学模型,设计了自适应模糊滑模控制器（AFSMC）,采用模糊系统对滑模控制律中的非线性函数项进行自适应逼近,并基于Lyapunov理论设计了模糊系统中可调参数的自适应律,同时,在滑模控制（SMC）的切换控制部分采用了指数趋近律。实验结果表明,所设计的AFSMC对不确定性负载扭矩和系统参数摄动具有较强的鲁棒性。与传统滑模控制（TSMC）相比,其在有效减小控制输入抖振的同时,使得跟踪控制精度提高了14.54%。     

基于解耦矢量控制的五相永磁同步电机容错控制策略

针对五相永磁同步电机两相开路故障的运行工况,提出了一种基于解耦矢量控制理论的故障容错控制策略.该策略通过在两相开路故障下的同步旋转坐标系内建立电机的数学模型,构造解耦变换矩阵,将电流控制中id和iq轴解耦,达到两相开路故障下容错运行的目的 .仿真结果表明,在五相永磁同步电机两相开路故障下,基于解耦矢量控制理论的故障容错控制策略能够实现电机驱动系统的高品质运行,具有控制简单、转矩波动小、容错能力强等优点.     

优化抗差自适应滤波器在深组合导航中的应用

为了提高惯性/卫星深组合导航系统的滤波性能,在抗差自适应滤波算法的 基础上,研究了一种优化抗差自适应滤波算法。该算法通过比较实际预测残差协方差矩 阵和理论协方差阵的差值来生成自适应因子,从而优化抗差自适应滤波。将所研究的算 法应用于惯性/卫星深组合导航系统, 在高动态环境下进行仿真验证, 并与常规卡尔曼 滤波、抗差自适应滤波进行比较。结果表明,优化算法能有效地控制观测异常和动态模 型异常对状态参数估值的影响,所得组合导航位置误差和速度误差明显减小,提高了组 合导航系统的滤波精度。     

Modified robust optimal adaptive control for flight environment simulation system with heat transfer uncertainty

To solve the rapid transient control problem of Flight Environment Simulation System (FESS) of Altitude Ground Test Facilities (AGTF) with large heat transfer uncertainty and disturbance, a new adaptive control structure of modified robust optimal adaptive control is presented. The mathematic modeling of FESS is given and the influence of heat transfer is analyzed through energy view. To consider the influence of heat transfer in controller design, we introduce a matched uncertainty that represents heat transfer influence in the linearized system of FESS. Based on this linear system, we deduce the design of modified robust optimal adaptive control law in a general way. Meanwhile, the robust stability of the modified robust optimal adaptive control law is proved through using Lyapunov stability theory. Then, a typical aero-engine test condition with Mach Dash and Zoom-Climb is used to verify the effectiveness of the devised adaptive controller. The simulation results show that the designed controller has servo tracking and disturbance rejection performance under heat transfer uncertainty and disturbance; the relative steady-state and dynamic errors of pressure and temperature are both smaller than 1% and 0.2% respectively. Furthermore, the influence of the modification parameter γ is analyzed through simulation. Finally, comparing with the standard ideal model reference adaptive controller, the modified robust optimal adaptive controller obviously provides better control performance than the ideal model reference adaptive controller does.     

基于智能神经元PID的异步电机直接转矩控制

针对异步电机直接转矩控制系统PID转速调节器的适应性、鲁棒性及抗干扰性较差的问题,提出了基于智能神经元PID转速调节器的异步电机直接转矩控制方法。智能神经元PID转速调节器采用2个神经元控制器进行设计,同时实现了控制器参数的在线调整,磁链调节器和转矩调节器分别采用滞环调节器进行设计。仿真结果表明,基于智能神经元PID的异步电机直接转矩控制系统能快速跟踪参考转速变化,具有很强的抗干扰能力、自适应能力和较强的鲁棒性。     

基于精确反馈线性化控制的永磁同步电机低速运行特性研究

针对永磁同步电机(PMSM)低速运行时的速度跟踪精度差,使用输入输出精确反馈线性化控制,以探索高精度的PMSM低速运行控制特性。为了获取更好的精确控制性能,首先采用微分同胚变换和反馈线性化理论得到PMSM的输入输出精确反馈线性化的解耦模型,然后基于其解耦模型,实现了PMSM低速运行时的精确控制。仿真和试验结果表明:该方法能够快速跟踪负载转矩和指令速度,具有过冲小、静态误差小、鲁棒性强、控制精确性高等优点。     

基于滑模观测器位置检测的水下推进器直接转矩控制研究

水下推进器是水下航行器的重要组成部分,为提高其转矩响应性能,提出了一种基于滑模观测器位置检测的水下推进器直接转矩控制方法。该方法将一种双曲正切函数引入线反电动势(EMF)滑模观测器,并将该滑模观测器应用于水下推进器直接转矩控制系统中,使得驱动控制系统通过水下推进器线反电动势观测值进行扇区判别与转矩估计,从而获得6个离散的换相信号,实现无位置检测的水下推进器直接转矩控制。仿真试验表明:所提控制方法能够很好地观测线反电动势,提高转矩动态响应,减小系统抖振幅度。     

非线性不确定系统的鲁棒自适应控制方法研究及稳定性分析

针对一类存在外界干扰和未建模动态的非线性不定系统,特别是含线性定常的参数不确定性及状态关联的非线性不确定性系统,应用直接自适应控制方法,设计了基于李雅普诺夫稳定性理论的鲁棒自适应控制律和修正律;应用李雅普诺夫稳定判据,对系统的稳定性进行了分析,证明所设计的控制律和修正律具有较强的鲁棒稳定性。     

Quantitative speed control for SRM drive using fuzzy adapted inverse model

Quantitative and robust speed control for a switched reluctance motor (SRM) drive is considered to be rather difficult and challenging owing to its highly nonlinear dynamic behavior. A speed control scheme having two-degree-of-freedom (2DOF) structure is developed here to improve the speed dynamic response of an SRM drive. In the proposed control scheme, the feedback controller is quantitatively designed to meet the desired regulation control requirements first. Then a reference model and a command feedforward controller based on an inverse plant model are employed to yield the desired tracking response at nominal case. As the variations of system parameters and operating conditions occur, the prescribed control specifications may not be satisfied any more. To improve this, the inverse model is adaptively tuned by a fuzzy control scheme so that the model-following tracking error is significantly reduced. In addition, a simple disturbance cancellation robust controller is added to improve the tracking and regulation control performances further.     

Robust adaptive fault-tolerant control of a tandem coaxial ducted fan aircraft with actuator saturation

This paper is concerned with the robust adaptive fault-tolerant control of a tandem coaxial ducted fan aircraft under system uncertainty, mismatched disturbance, and actuator saturation. For the proposed aircraft, comprehensive controllability analysis is performed to evaluate the controllability of each state as well as the margin to reject mismatched disturbance without any knowledge of the controller. Mismatched disturbance attenuation is ensured through a structured H-infinity controller tuned by a non-smooth optimization algorithm. Embedded with the H-infinity controller, an adaptive control law is proposed in order to mitigate matched system uncertainty and actuator fault. Input saturation is also considered by the modified reference model. Numerical simulation of the novel ducted fan aircraft is provided to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed method. The simulation results reveal that the proposed adaptive controller achieves better transient response and more robust performance than classic Model Reference Adaptive Control (MRAC) method, even with serious actuator saturation.     

Starter/generator employing resonant-converter-fed induction machine. I. Analysis

A new procedure to start a jet engine (JE) and to generate power by means of a single induction machine (IM) directly coupled to the turbine is presented. The JE is brought to an initial speed by the motoring operation of the IM. Later, the IM is taken into generating mode and the turbine is applied to its excitation. The turbine catches up and starts to drive the induction generator (IG). The generated power is converted to a three-phase, 400 Hz voltage-regulated bus via a double stage power conversion utilizing a 20 kHz parallel resonant high frequency AC link and pulse density modulated converter technology. Independent of the engine speed, a constant amplitude and constant frequency three-phase voltage-regulated AC bus is formed and maintained by the proper control of the power converters. The feasibility of operation of such a system has been demonstrated in software where the JE turbine is modeled and replaced by a DC machine. An introduction, background, operation principles of the overall system, and the related software simulations are presented and discussed.     

直连式三体绳系卫星姿态鲁棒最优跟踪控制

 针对存在参数不确定性以及外部有界干扰的直连式三体旋转绳系卫星系统姿态跟踪控制问题,提出了一种分布式鲁棒最优控制方法。该方法首先针对单体绳系卫星姿态模型,在不考虑参数不确定性和干扰的条件下,应用Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman方程设计了最优控制器;接着,考虑到实际系统存在参数不确定性和干扰,采用自适应与鲁棒误差积分方法在线学习参数不确定性和有界干扰,与最优控制器结合设计了鲁棒最优控制器,使闭环系统满足了性能指标达到最小的要求,并应用Lyapunov稳定性定理证明了其闭环系统的渐近稳定性。进一步考虑到绳系卫星系统的运动同步性,将单体绳系卫星姿态控制器设计扩展至直连式三体绳系卫星姿态系统,设计了分布式鲁棒最优控制器。最后在MATLAB/Simulink平台上进行了仿真,验证了方法的可行性与有效性,表明其具有潜在的应用前景。     

基于有向图的航天器编队飞行自适应姿态协同控制

在有向通信拓扑下研究了编队航天器自适应姿态协同控制问题。针对航天器编队飞行系统中存在外部扰动和模型不确定性的情况,通过选取包含相对姿态误差和绝对姿态误差的辅助变量,提出了一种鲁棒自适应控制策略。提出了自适应律估计转动惯量矩阵和扰动上界等未知参数,并且利用Lyapunov稳定性理论分析了闭环系统的渐近稳定性。与滑模控制等传统鲁棒控制不同,所设计的鲁棒自适应控制器是连续的,更便于航天器编队飞行系统的实现。最后通过仿真验证了该控制策略能够实现高精度的编队飞行跟踪控制。