农村合作消防机制探讨

农村消防服务属于准公共产品.长期以来,我国的消防服务是由国家提供,并且主要针对城市.农村的发展,使农村消防服务迫在眉睫,需要建立与农村生产力水平和经济社会结构相适应的新型农村消防服务体制.为了使农村消防服务的供给更有效率和实际可行,建立农村合作消防机制是走出农村消防困境和解决农村消防不足的最佳选择,也是适应我国农村特点的消防服务模式.     

农村公共物品供给的现状、形成机理与路径选择

农村公共物品供给不足,已经成为农村经济发展的瓶颈和障碍,笔者试从公共物品的角度对这一问题进行初步探讨:首先,对农村公共物品及其属性进行了分析;其次,论述了农村公共物品供给不足的现状及瓶颈效应;最后,从财政投入不足,公共物品供给体制,需求与供给的矛盾,供给主体混乱及权限不清,供给渠道单一与公共物品需求多样性之间的矛盾等方面,探讨了农村公共物品供给不足的成因,并在此基础上提出了相应的对策.     

农户对农村公共物品满意度的实证研究

实现农村公共服务的有效供给、推进基本公共服务的均等化,不但是我国社会主义新农村建设的重要组成部分,也是解决“三农”问题的重要节点和主要任务之一.目前我国农村公共物品供给仍存在各种问题,无法满足农民对公共物品的需求.从农户需求出发,基于一项全国范围的问卷调查,分层次研究农户对农村公共物品的满意度,从而从农户需求的角度,为改善农村公共物品供给提供政策建议.     

政府层级改革:逻辑起点与改革思路

政府层级改革是一个系统工程,不仅涉及行政体制改革而且牵动财政体制改革。只有在进行改革之前找到政府层级改革的根本原因（逻辑起点）,才能保证这一系统工程沿着正确的道路推进。文章从公共产品供给的角度出发,认为政府层级改革的逻辑起点在于供给公共产品,实现公共产品有效供给的政府分级才是合理的政府分级,并针对我国政府分级供给公共产品产生的问题,提出了减少政府层级,扩大下级政府的财政“发言权”,明确界定各级政府的事权和财权,完善转移支付制度等政策建议。     

农业转移人口市民化过程中地方政府行为激励问题研究——基于多任务委托代理模型

推进农业转移人口市民化的过程从本质上看是实现基本公共服务均等化的过程,而事实上,农业转移人口在享受公共福利方面与城市居民有着巨大的差别。现有体制下,地方政府作为提供公共产品的主要主体,同时面临着财政能力与体制的双重约束,从而在提供公共产品时表现出财力不足和意愿不足。文章主要是在已有研究的基础上,从地方政府意愿方面,基于一个多任务委托代理分析框架,研究在推进农业转移人口市民化过程中如何激励地方政府做出合理行为的问题,并尝试给出政策建议。     

公民社会的兴起对地方公共产品供给的影响

转型期中国公民社会的兴起使传统的公共产品供给发生变化，它推动着政府机制、市场机制与公民社会机制在公共产品供给过程中共同参与、相互合作，促进公共产品供给主体的多元化，而供给过程中的多重利益博弈、多种力量参与则使供给结果能够更准确地反映公民的偏好，同时也有利于遏制权力腐败，提高供给效率和服务质量。     

推进江西高校产学联合的对策

文章从理论和实践的角度分析了产学联合的必要性,指出江西省在产学联合方面存在高新技术产业发展落后、企业的技术创新主体没有确立、科技投入不足、高校服务社会的行为自觉性普遍较低的现状与不足,提出了推进江西省产学联合应该积极探索企业体制机制改革,解决企业缺乏技术创新动力;以及应加大全社会多元化科技投入,改善科学投入结构、投入方向;强化服务意识,推进高校体制改革;推进大学科技园的建设与发展,探索多种产学联合的模式等对策.     

航空工业发展中存在的问题与对策——以河南省为例

重视发展战略、重视国内市场、重视技术创新以及重视对外合作是航空工业发达国家发展航空工业的主要经验.我国航空工业目前存在着企业规模小、布局分散、"软实力"不足、产品多属民品、科研体制存在弊端等问题.加速我国航空工业的发展,需要制定长远的发展规划,以市场为导向,加大结构调整力度,进行一系列的体制机制创新以及重视现有航空产品的改进改型,广泛进行国际国内合作,等等.     

论公共产品的市场化供给

传统理论认为,公共产品不能由市场有效提供.但是政府供给公共产品过程中滋生的诸多问题,以及技术的进步、制度的健全,使得公共产品的市场供给不仅是必要的,而且是可能的.阐述了公共产品市场化供给的必要性、可能性以及具体的实现途径.     

公共财政与非经营性国有资产的结构演变

非经营性国有资产绝大部分是由公共支出形成的.文章首先揭示非经营性国有资产与公共支出之间的线性关系,每年公共支出中有多少物化为非经营性资产.然后通过公共支出来研究我国非经营性国有资产的结构演变过程:从中央和地方分布来看,中央投入的非经营性资产主要分布于外交、国防等全国性的领域,地方投入的资产主要分布于教育、卫生等地方性事务领域;从结构分布来看,非经营性资产中的社会文教和行政管理支出所占比重较大,同时存在着支出增长过快的问题;从地区分布来看,东部地区非经营性国有资产中的科教文卫支出远远高于中西部地区,而行政管理支出的差距却较小.     

The effect of inlet conditions on the flow and heat transfer in multiple rotating cavity with axial throughflow

This paper discusses experimental results from two different build configurations of a heated multiple rotating cavity test rig.Measurements of heat transfer from the discs and tangential velocities are presented.The test rig is a 70% full scale version of a high pressure compressor stack of an axial gas turbine engine.Of particular interest are the internal cylindrical cavities formed by adjacent discs and the interaction of these with a central axial throughflow of cooling air.Tests were carried out for a range of non-dimensional parameters representative of high pressure compressor internal air system flows(Re up to 5×106 and Rez up to 2×105).Two different builds have been tested.The most significant difference between these two build configurations is the size of the annular gap between the(non-rotating) drive shaft and the bores of the discs.The heat transfer data were obtained from thermocouple measurements of surface temperature and a conduction solution method.The velocity measurements were made using a two component,LDA system.The heat transfer results from the discs show differences between the two builds.This is attributed to the wider annular gap allowing more of the throughflow to penetrate into the cavity.There are also significant differences between the radial distributions of tangential velocity in the two builds of the test rig.For the narrow annular gap,there is an increase of non-dimensional tangential velocity V/Ωr with radial location to solid body rotation V/Ωr=1.For the wider annular gap,the non-dimensional velocities show a decrease with radial location to solid body rotation.      

Research on Auto-detection for Remainder Particles of Aerospace Relay Based on Wavelet Analysis

Aerospace relay is one kind of electronic components which is used widely in national defense system and aerospace system. The existence of remainder particles induces the reliability declining, which has become a severe problem in the development of aerospace relay. Traditional particle impact noise detection (PIND) method for remainder detection is ineffective for small particles, due to its low precision and involvement of subjective factors. An auto-detection method for PIND output signals is proposed in this paper, which is based on direct wavelet de-noising (DWD), cross-correlation analysis (CCA) and homo-filtering (HF), the method enhances the affectiv-ity of PIND test about the small particles. In the end, some practical PIND output signals are analysed, and the validity of this new method is proved.     

Preparation of Highly Dispersed Antimony-doped Tin Oxide Nano-powder via Ion-exchange Hydrolysis of SnCl4 and SbCl3 and Azeotropic Drying

Antimony-doped tin hydroxide colloid precipitates have been synthesized by hydrolysis of SnCl4 and SbCl3 using: (1) an ion-exchange hydrolysis to remove chlorine ions, and (2) isoamyl acetate as an azeotropic solvent to obviate water. The obtained dried powder is of high dispersivity without any need for further grinding. The size and dispersivity of the final particles are investigated with the aid of TG-DTA, BET, XRD and TEM. After having calcined, the antimony-doped tin oxide nanopowder possesses a tetragonal rutile structure with high dispersivity, uniform particles and low hard agglomeration.     

Effects of Mo on the Microstructure and Hydrogen Sorption Properties of Ti-Mo Getters

The effects of Mo on the microstructure evolution, porosity and hydrogen sorption properties of Ti-Mo getters are investigated in this work. The results show that the addition of Mo prolongs the densification process of Ti-Mo getters and results in a significant amount of sintered pores. With the Mo content increasing, the porosity of getters firstly increases reaching the maximum value as it at- tains about 7.5wt.%, and then drops. At the room temperature, the hydrogen sorption property of getters increases progressively with the Mo content increasing, but the tendency is not very clear before its content lies below 2.5wt.%. When the Mo content achieves about 7.5wt.%, the hydrogen sorption property proves to be the best. The discussion is made about the above mentioned phenomena inclusive of hydrogen sorption properties of getters under different activation conditions (from 500-750 ℃).     

超声速燃烧数值模拟中的湍流与化学反应相互作用模型

高精度数值模拟有助于理解超声速湍流燃烧中湍流与化学反应的相互作用,可为发动机燃烧室等工程应用设计提供可靠的预测模型。除直接数值模拟外,目前在湍流燃烧应用中使用的大涡模拟和雷诺平均Navier-Stokes模拟均需要借助模型模化发生在湍流小尺度上的流动与化学反应过程对湍流大尺度运动的影响。现有的湍流与化学反应相互作用模型大致可分为:火焰面类模型和概率密度函数类模型,2类模型在不同的应用中各自具有优势和局限性。此外,现有模型大都基于低马赫数燃烧,而超声速燃烧中通常会伴随快速混合、局部熄火和再着火以及激波等复杂过程,这为发展其中的湍流与化学反应相互作用模型提出了更多的挑战。     

适于低轨卫星IP网络的单核共享树组播算法(英文)

为了解决低轨卫星IP网络中现有典型源组播算法的信道资源浪费问题,本文提出了一套单核共享树组播算法,即核心群合并共享树(CCST)和加权核心群合并共享树(w-CCST)算法。CCST 算法包括动态近似中心(DAC)选核方法和核心群合并组播路径构建方法。DAC方法专为周期、规律运动的低轨卫星网络提出,不需要复杂的星上计算。在核心群合并方法中,以核节点作为初始核心群,通过核心群和剩余组成员的最短路径方法逐步扩展直至整棵组播树构建完成,从而使得组播树的树代价最小,大大提高了网络的带宽利用率和组播传输效率。w-CCST 算法中所提出的加权因子可以调整树代价和端到端传播时延之间的折衷程度,因此,可以通过调整加权因子来适度增大树代价、降低端到端传播时延以支持某些端到端时延要求苛刻的实时组播业务。最后,与低轨卫星 IP 网络中典型算法进行了性能比较,仿真结果说明,CCST 算法的平均树代价比其它算法显著降低,w-CCST 算法的平均端到端传播时延小于 CCST 算法。     

Jet Vectoring Control Using a Novel Synthetic Jet Actuator

A primary air jet vectoring control system with a novel synthetic jet actuator (SJA) is presented and simulated numerically. The results show that, in comparison with an existing traditional synthetic jet actuator, which is able to perform the duty of either “push” or “pull”, one novel synthetic jet actuator can fulfill both “push” and “pull” functions to vector the primary jet by shifting a slide block inside it. Therefore, because the new actuator possesses greater efficiency, it has potentiality to replace the existing one in various appli- cations, such as thrust vectoring and the reduction of thermal signature. Moreover, as the novel actuator can fulfill those functions that the existing one can not, it may well be expected to popularize it into more flow control systems.     

Nonlinear Adaptive Slewing Motion Control of Spacecraft Truss Driven by Synchronous V-gimbaled CMG Precession

The slewing motion control of a truss arm driven by a V-gimbaled control-moment-gyro (CMG) is a nonlinear control problem. The V-gimbaled CMG consists of a pair of gyros that must precess synchronously. The moment of inertia of the system, the angular momentum of the gyros and the external disturbances are not exactly known. With the help of feedback linearization and recursive Lyapunov design method, an adaptive nonlinear controller is designed to deal with the unknown items. Performance of the proposed controller is verified by simulation.     

An SOR Implicit Time-accurate Scheme in Calculating Unsteady Flows

A new time-accurate marching scheme for unsteady flow calculations is proposed in the present work. This method is the combination of classical Successive Over-Relaxation (SOR) iteration method and Jacobian matrix diagonally dominant splitting method of LUSGS. One advantage of this algorithm is the second-order accuracy because of no factorization error. Another advantage is the low computational cost because the Jacobian matrices and fluxes are only calculated once in each physical time step. And, the SOR algorithm has better convergence property than Gauss-Seidel. To investigate its accuracy and convergency, several unsteady flow computa- tional tests are carried out by using the proposed SOR algorithm. Roe’s FDS scheme is used to discritize the inviscid flux terms. Un- steady computational results of SOR are compared with the experiment results and those of Gauss-Seidel. Results reveal that the numerical results agree well with the experimental data and the second-order accuracy can be obtained as the Gauss-Seidel for unsteady flow computations. The impact of SOR factor is investigated for unsteady computations by using different SOR factors in this algorithm to simulate each computational test. Different numbers of inner iterations are needed to converge to the same criterion for different SOR factors and optimal choice of SOR factor can improve the computational efficiency greatly.