热轧AZ31镁合金温变形中的微观组织演变

在50~250℃的温度范围和1.4×10^-3~1.4×10^-1s^-1的应变速率范围内通过单向拉伸试验检验了热轧AZ31镁合金的温变形性能。通过光学显微镜和透射电镜观察了温变形中的微观组织演变。结果表明:在温变形的初始阶段,孪生为主要的变形机理和硬化机制。由孪生变形积聚的畸变能和非基滑移的启动导致了动态再结晶的形核与长大。应变速率的提高对动态再结晶的抑制是造成AZ31镁合金温变形中应变速率敏感性的原因。     

AZ31B镁合金大应变循环变形行为研究

为了研究AZ31B镁合金在大应变幅条件下的变形机制,开展了该合金在7.嬲应变幅条件下的循环行为研究.结果表明:在拉伸阶段的最大应力值随着循环周次的增加而减小,而在压缩过程中的最大应力值随着循环周次的增加而增大,在整个循环过程中材料呈现循环应变硬化特性,拉应力是导致循环应变硬化的主要原因;随着循环周次增加,滞回曲线的不对称性基本不变.真应力-真应变滞回曲线在卸载和反向拉伸阶段出现3个拐点.在压缩过程中发生{10-12}孪生,反向拉伸过程发生去孪生行为,包申格效应对去孪生行为具有较大影响.研究表明:孪生-去孪生是大应变幅循环变形的主要变形机制;对拉伸、反向压缩过程的变形特征及机制的分析,可为低周疲劳行为的研究提供参考.     

AZ31B挤压变形镁合金低周疲劳行为研究

分别研究了挤压变形AZ31B镁合金在非对称载荷与对称载荷下的疲劳行为,结果表明两种加载方式下,疲劳过程随着应变幅的增加,滞回曲线的不对称性均增强;在低应变幅下,位错滑移为主要塑性变形机制;而在较高应变幅下,孪生-去孪生为主要变形机制;同一应变幅下,压-压非对称低应变幅疲劳寿命最长,拉-压对称低应变幅疲劳寿命次之,拉-拉非对称低应变幅疲劳寿命最短.     

不同温度下IC10合金的本构关系

 利用材料试验机（MTS809）测得IC10合金在很宽的温度范围（25~800 ℃）和不同应变率（10^-5~10^-2s^-1）内的应力 应变曲线。试验结果表明：室温下IC10合金的流变行为对应变率不太敏感;相同应变率（10^-4s^-1）下,流变行为对温度较敏感;在不同应变率、25~800 ℃温度范围内,IC10合金的屈服应力变化很小。基于试验数据,修正并拟合了Johnson-Cook方程,并利用该方程对不同温度和不同应变率下IC10合金的流变应力进行预测。与试验数据对比表明,修正后的Johnson-Cook方程能较好地描述IC10合金在不同的温度和应变率条件下的流变行为。     

TC6钛合金的超塑性变形研究

 通过高温拉伸力学实验研究了T C6 钛合金在高温下的流动特性, 并利用扫描电镜观察了拉伸断口形貌, 分析了该合金的拉伸断裂机制。实验结果表明: ① 变形温度的升高和应变速率的降低, 有利于提高TC6钛合金的塑性变形能力; ②TC6 钛合金的最佳超塑性变形工艺参数为950 ℃, 0. 001s^{- 1}, 最大延伸率为267%;③T C6 钛合金在拉伸断裂时以韧性断裂为主, 但在不同的变形温度和变形速率下伴随着不同程度的脆性断裂;④拉伸断裂从夹杂物或第二相粒子开始, 且随着变形温度的升高和应变速率的降低, 解理断口的比例减小, 韧性断裂特征变得明显。     

Ti-6.5Al-3.5Mo-1.5Zr-0.3Si合金绝热剪切和局部流动行为

在THERMECMASTOR-Z型热模拟机上对Ti-6.5Al-3.5Mo-1.5Zr-0.3Si合金在变形温度780～1 080 ℃,应变速率0.001～70.000 s^-1条件下的流动应力变化规律进行了研究,分析了变形工艺参数对Ti-6.5Al-3.5Mo-1.5Zr-0.3Si合金绝热剪切和局部流动行为的影响,并采用基于动态材料模型的功率耗散图分析了Ti-6.5Al-3.5Mo-1.5Zr-0.3Si合金易发生绝热剪切和局部流动的热力参数范围。结果表明:在所研究的热变形条件下,当温度较高、应变速率较低时,变形呈稳态流动特征,当温度较低、应变速率较高时,变形呈流动软化特征。通过功率耗散图分析及微观组织观察可知,在α+β两相区变形,应变速率高于0.100 s^-1时,功率耗散系数多数小于0.16,变形多处于流变失稳区域,其变形机制主要为绝热剪切和局部流动。     

孪生对热轧AZ31镁合金中低温变形行为的影响

研究了热轧AZ31镁合金板材中低温变形(室温～573K)时孪生所导致的硬化和软化效果,并结合金相显微技术(OM)和透射电子显微技术(TEM)对相关变形机理及孪生类型进行判断。结果发现,有较强基面织构特征的AZ31镁合金板材在室温～573K变形过程中{10ī1}压缩孪晶起主要作用,同时也存在少量的基面滑移。变形温度越高,变形速率越小,孪晶数量也逐渐减少。中低温变形时AZ31镁合金轧制板材中的压缩孪晶和二次孪晶同时起软化作用与硬化作用,但硬化作用大于软化作用。     

SCC evaluation of a 2297 Al-Li alloy rolled plate using the slow-strain rate technique

The stress corrosion cracking (SCC) susceptibility of 2297 Al-Li alloy in 1 M NaCl + 0.01 M H₂O₂ solution (CP solution) and 1 M NaCl + 0.01 M H₂O₂ + 0.6 M Na₂SO₄ solution (CPS solution) was investigated by slow-strain rate tests at various strain rates ranging from 10⁻⁵ s⁻¹ to 10⁻⁷ s⁻¹. The roles of H₂O₂ and SO₄²⁻ in the corrosion process were estimated by potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. 2297 Al-Li alloy does not fracture ascribed to SCC in CP solution, while it undergoes SCC in CPS solution. In CPS solution, with a decreasing strain rate from 10⁻⁵ s⁻¹ to 10⁻⁷ s⁻¹, the SCC susceptibility firstly rises and then declines exhibiting a peak value at a strain rate of 10⁻⁶ s⁻¹. H₂O₂ promotes the active dissolution while SO₄²⁻ lowers the corrosion rate. The SCC fracture is associated with a decline in the dissolution rate of the crack tip by SO₄²⁻, which leads to stress concentration. In CPS solution, a reduction in the local dissolution rate of the crack tip leads to stress concentration, resulting in SCC fracture. As the preferred initiation site for a crack, pits also show a noteworthy effect on SCC of 2297 Al-Li alloy.     

Hot deformation behavior and strain compensation constitutive model of equiaxed fine grain diffusion-welded micro-duplex TC4 titanium alloy

In this work, two-stage diffusion bonding of micro-duplex TC4 titanium alloy was carried out to study the flow behavior and constitutive models of the bonding joint and the base metal after the same thermal cycling during the hot forming process. Microstructure and mechanical properties test were used to verify the good quality of the equiaxed fine grain diffusion-welded TC4 alloy. Quasi-static tensile experiment was carried out at temperatures ranging from 750–900 °C and strain rates of 0.0001–0.1 s⁻¹. The joint showed the weak dynamic recovery at strain rates of 0.01–0.1 s⁻¹ and temperatures of 750–850 °C. At strain rates of 0.0001–0.001 s⁻¹ and temperatures of 850–900 °C, the flow stress of joint presented steady-state characteristics. Different deformation conditions lead to the remarkable difference of dynamic softening performance between the joint and heat-treated base metal, but the flow stress in elastic and strain hardening stages exhibited similar behavior. The strain compensated Arrhenius-type constitutive models of TC4 joint and heat-treated base metal were developed respectively. The fifth-order polynomial functions between the material property correlation coefficients and strain were obtained. The models have shown good correlation, with correlation coefficient values of 0.984 and 0.99. The percentage average absolute relative error for the models were found to be 10% and 9.46%, respectively.     

LY-12铝合金应变疲劳性能和疲劳位错结构

系统研究了LY-12铝合金自然时效及240℃人工时效试样的应变疲劳性能和疲劳位错结构。通过疲劳位错组态、位错的滑移特征以及位错同微观组织相互作用的研究,解释了该种实际合金的疲劳性能。     

LF6超塑性变形断裂研究

研究了LF6铝合金超塑性变形中的显微组织变化及断口形貌特征。试验结果证明空洞主要在三角界处形核。变形量增加，空洞不断长大，同时有新的空洞产生。晶界滑动是引起空洞长大的主要原因。合金有高的应变速率敏感性，能抑制空洞沿横向晶界的扩展和连接。仅在变形后期，空洞才因试样薄弱处局部应力的增加沿横向晶界大范围扩展连接，并导致合金断裂。变形过程中晶粒的长大和伸长会促使空洞的形核。文中给出了合金超塑性变形断裂的物理模型。     

航空用有机玻璃(PMMA)的非线性热粘弹-塑性本构关系

实验测定了航空用有机玻璃T=-40～40℃,ε_t=1.0×10_-4～1.0×10_-1s_-1范围内单轴压缩循环的应力-应变曲线。提出一种考虑温度和应变率效应的非线性粘弹性变形和塑性变形相耦合的本构关系,给出了完备的微分和积分形式的关系方程组,用于拟合各不同温度和应变率的实测曲线,获得了良好吻合的结果。     

不同时效状态3J21合金拉伸性能

文摘在万能拉伸试验机上对大气环境下欠时效态、峰时效态和过时效态3 J21合金的拉伸性能进行研究,并采用金相显微镜、X射线衍射仪对各时效态金相组织及物相进行分析,采用TEM对固溶态、时效态试样及拉伸断口附近形变的显微组织进行分析,采用扫描电镜对拉伸断口进行观察。结果表明,峰时效态3 J21合金的拉伸强度和屈服强度均略高于欠时效态和过时效态合金,但其伸长率略低于欠时效态和过时效态合金;各时效态合金的拉伸断口均为韧窝断口,欠时效态合金断口附近显微组织中滑移线之间的距离最小,峰时效态合金滑移线之间的距离最大,而过时效态合金滑移线之间的距离介于两者之间。     

SCC investigation of low alloy ultra-high strength steel 30CrMnSiNi2A in 3.5wt%NaCl solution by slow strain rate technique

To evaluate stress corrosion cracking(SCC) mechanism of low alloy ultra-high strength steel 30CrMnSiNi2 A in environment containing NaCl, SCC behavior of the steel in 3.5wt% NaCl solution is investigated by slow strain rate technique(SSRT) with various strain rates and applied potentials, surface analysis technique, and electrochemical measurements. SCC susceptibility of the steel increases rapidly with strain rate decreasing from 1 · 10 5s 1to 5 · 10 7s 1, and becomes stable when strain rate is lower than 5 · 10 7s 1. SCC propagation of the steel in the solution at open circuit potential(OCP) needs sufficient hydrogen which is supplied at a certain strain rate.Fracture surface at OCP has similar characteristics with that at cathodic polarization 1000 mVSCE, which presents characteristic fractography of hydrogen induced cracking(HIC).All of these indicate that SCC behavior of the steel in the solution at OCP is mainly controlled by HIC rather than anodic dissolution(AD).     

Influences of pre-torsion deformation on microstructure and mechanical properties of pure titanium subjected to subsequent tension deformation

A series of experimental studies was carried out to investigate the influences of pre-torsion on microstructure evolution, mechanical properties, and fracture appearance of pure titanium subjected to subsequent tension deformation. An introduction of pre-torsion strain can improve the materials’ mechanical properties through micro hardness evaluation. That is, the micro hardness of tensile samples with pre-torsion deformation is much higher than that of samples processed by single torsion or tension. It can be seen from the microstructure that pre-torsion deformation can be used to refine grains better and control grains’ morphology by combining subsequent tension. The results indicate that the grains are refined most evidently for tensile samples with 2 turn pre-torsion deformation. Moreover, fracture analysis indicates that tensile samples with pre-torsion strain can present good comprehensive performance. In conclusion, pre-torsion deformation plays an important role in improving comprehensive performance and controlling microstructure evolution on pure titanium subjected to later tension deformation.     

TC6钛合金超塑性变形

对TC6钛合金在800~900℃温度区间内,分别进行应变速率为0.0001~0.1 s-1的恒应变速率法拉伸实验和最大m值法超塑性拉伸实验,获得拉伸过程应力-应变曲线,并采用金相显微镜对拉伸后断口附近显微组织进行分析。结果表明：TC6合金表现出良好的超塑性性能,随着应变速率或温度的升高,伸长率先增大后减小,恒应变速率拉伸时,在温度850℃、应变速率0.001 s-1条件下伸长率可达到993%;在同一变形温度下最大m值法拉伸能获得比恒应变速率法更好的超塑性,850℃时伸长率达到1353%;TC6合金在超塑性变形过程中发生了明显的动态再结晶,并随着应变速率和温度的升高动态再结晶行为增强。     

LC4铝合金厚板在复杂应力应变状态下的断裂机制

 <正> 一、引言 把铝合金厚板直接加工成整体构件,用作飞机大梁壁板等结构,是现代飞机设计和制造过程中的一项先进技木。我国目前也在开始进行这方面的研究。由于在整体构件上不可避免地要打孔、开槽或加工有其它形式的截面突变部位,材料实际所承受的应力应变状态比较复杂。为保证这类整体构件的安全可靠及最佳的使用性能,需要对厚板的断裂行为有所了解。因此,本文将在试验室条件下以LC4铝合金厚板在复杂应力应变状态下的断裂机制进行考察。     

基于临界平面的镍基单晶高温合金疲劳寿命预测模型

根据循环损伤累积的思想,发展了一种基于临界平面的镍基单晶高温合金疲劳寿命预测模型.以非弹性应变能密度最大的滑移面作为镍基单晶高温合金承受最大损伤的临界平面,并结合基于滑移系的黏塑性变形分析结果,建立了疲劳寿命与最大滑移系分解剪应力、最大滑移剪应变率、滑移剪应变范围、应变比以及拉伸/压缩保载频率等临界平面参数的函数关系.采用760℃下DD6单晶的疲劳试验结果对上述预测模型进行验证,试验与计算结果符合良好,基本在2倍分散带内.      

20kHz下TC17钛合金超高周疲劳性能研究

应用基于压电超声疲劳试验技术开发的20kHz弯曲疲劳试验系统,完成了室温下TC17合金超高周疲劳试验.结果表明:在疲劳循环大于107周次时,试样仍会发生疲劳断裂,疲劳强度随循环次数的增加而下降,并不存在明显的疲劳极限.TC17合金的应力-寿命(S-N)曲线在107~109周次的范围内为连续下降型.光学显微镜发现,TC17合金的疲劳破坏主要起源于试样表面.当存在夹杂物时,疲劳裂纹从距离表面很近的夹杂物处萌生,能谱分析表明夹杂物的成分主要是铝的氧化物.      

Large-scale Bright Fronts in the Solar Corona: A?Review of?��EIT waves��

??EIT waves?? are large-scale coronal bright fronts (CBFs) that were first observed in 195 Å images obtained using the Extreme-ultraviolet Imaging Telescope (EIT) onboard the Solar and Heliospheric Observatory (SOHO). Commonly called ??EIT waves??, CBFs typically appear as diffuse fronts that propagate pseudo-radially across the solar disk at velocities of 100?C700 km?s^?1 with front widths of 50?C100 Mm. As their speed is greater than the quiet coronal sound speed (c _s ??200 km?s^?1) and comparable to the local Alfvén speed (v _A ??1000 km?s^?1), they were initially interpreted as fast-mode magnetoacoustic waves ( $v_{f}=(c_{s}^{2} + v_{A}^{2})^{1/2}$ ). Their propagation is now known to be modified by regions where the magnetosonic sound speed varies, such as active regions and coronal holes, but there is also evidence for stationary CBFs at coronal hole boundaries. The latter has led to the suggestion that they may be a manifestation of a processes such as Joule heating or magnetic reconnection, rather than a wave-related phenomena. While the general morphological and kinematic properties of CBFs and their association with coronal mass ejections have now been well described, there are many questions regarding their excitation and propagation. In particular, the theoretical interpretation of these enigmatic events as magnetohydrodynamic waves or due to changes in magnetic topology remains the topic of much debate.