双脉冲固体发动机喷管传热烧蚀特性

为了研究双脉冲固体发动机喷管的传热烧蚀特性,由燃烧室压强及发动机推力试验曲线得到了喷管喉径的瞬变值,由FLUENT流体计算软件进行流固耦合传热烧蚀计算,得到了喷管瞬态温度分布、绝热材料热解炭化情况及碳/碳(C/C)喉衬瞬态烧蚀率,分析了脉冲工作过程及脉冲间隔时间对喷管传热烧蚀的影响.计算结果表明,脉冲工作过程中,绝热材料热解线、炭化线向材料内部扩展,喉衬烧蚀率不断增大;脉冲间隔时间内,喷管材料内部的导热使各处温差减小,温度趋于一致;第一脉冲的传热烧蚀与脉冲间隔的材料导热使第二脉冲工作时喉衬整体热沉小、内壁初始温度高、表面粗糙度大,从而导致较高烧蚀率.      

含粘接缺陷固体发动机喷管堵盖受压分析

利用ＶｏｎＫａｒｍａｎ模型,对受内压作用固体火箭发动机喷管堵盖进行了几何大变形分析,考虑了工艺因素对堵盖变形和堵盖与喷管喉衬粘接界面应力的影响,分别对牢靠粘接和３种不同形式的不牢靠粘接进行了计算,结果表明,堵盖与喉衬的粘接面脱粘对界面应力场有很大的影响。     

日本火箭发动机喷管用C/ C 复合材料

介绍了C/C复合材料在日本固体火箭发动机喷管的应用情况,主要包括卫星远地点助推发动机用螺旋形状碳布铺层的2D-C/C扩张段、固体助推器及固体运载用3D-C/C喉衬.2D-C/C扩张段采用黏胶丝基碳纤维成型,M-V固体运载一级发动机C/C喉衬采用碳纤维三向正交圆筒编织结构,热等静压-石墨化致密,外径Ф1100 mm,密度达1.95 g/cm3.C/C复合材料在固体及液体火箭发动机喷管延伸出口锥的应用是未来的发展方向.     

小推力长时间工作固体火箭发动机C/C喉衬的烧蚀与沉积

针对C/C喉衬喷管小推力长时间工作固体火箭发动机,分别开展了含铝、不含铝两种推进剂状态的地面试验。根据燃烧室压强及发动机推力测试曲线计算了喷管喉径的瞬变值,对比研究了喉衬的烧蚀、沉积过程,指出含铝推进剂发动机C/C喉衬先后经历初始沉积、沉积消融、持续烧蚀、烧蚀与沉积交替四个阶段,而推进剂不含铝时则没有明显的初始沉积与沉积消融。讨论了推进剂配方、燃烧室压强、喷管结构等因素对喉衬烧蚀、沉积的影响,并提出了相应的改善措施。     

固体火箭发动机喷喉结构设计准则的研究

提出了固体火箭发动机喷管喉衬结构综合设计准则──间隙临界值δｋ的概念，详细介绍了该设计准则δｋ的计算公式推导过程及其应用。并通过某固体火箭发动机四种不同技术状态喷喉结构的地面试车得到试验验证。     

C/C喷管喉衬烧蚀计算与分析

C/C喷管喉衬烧蚀预示是目前固体火箭发动机喷管热防护设计中遇到的一个重要问题.本文用两方程及三方程两种模型,分别对某固体火箭发动机四种状态下C/C喉衬进行热化学烧蚀计算.计算结果表明,在燃气组分H_2浓度较高的情况下,三方程模型的烧蚀预示值与试验数据吻合良好,相对误差的最大值不超过±15%.因此,忽略ZC~(?)+H_2反应是不合适的.本文提供的方法可推广到整个碳基材料喷管的热化学烧蚀计算.     

喷管石墨喉衬热应力试验和分析

本文根据发动机设计和试验中碰到的技术问题,简要论述固体火箭发动机喷管石墨喉衬温度场、应力场及其影响因素,提出在设计中值得注意的几个问题.     

潜入式喷管喉衬界面间隙优化设计

为了解决固体火箭发动机潜入式喷管喉衬在热载荷与内压联合作用下界面间隙优化问题,数值模拟方法求解了喷管热结构响应.采用流体仿真软件,计算了潜入式喷管流动过程的稳态流场,获取了高温燃气流动参数与固体壁面对流换热系数.并采用三维有限元结构计算平台,编写了非均布壁面压力载荷与非均布对流换热系数子程序,求解了喉衬前后搭接界面间隙...     

典型喉衬材料抗过载烧蚀性能的实验研究

为了掌握固体火箭发动机典型喷管喉衬材料的抗过载烧蚀性能,通过地面旋转模拟过载实验系统,开展了20g和30g高横向过载下的三种喉衬材料抗过载烧蚀性能研究。结果表明,在高横向过载下喷管喉衬会出现偏烧蚀现象,即过载区域喉部烧蚀厚度远大于非过载区域;与非过载区域相比,过载区域喉部烧蚀率显著增大,且过载区域喉部烧蚀率随着横向过载的增加而显著增大,20g横向过载下,高强石墨材料的喉部烧蚀率增大到12.43倍,30g横向过载下,高强石墨材料的喉部烧蚀率增大到20.53倍;在高横向过载下,轴编C/C抗过载烧蚀性能最好,无纬布针刺C/C次之,高强石墨最弱。在高过载和非过载下,喉衬材料的烧蚀性能优劣将发生根本变化,在过载下固体发动机喷管设计过程中应该予以重视。     

小推力、长时间工作的固体火箭发动机长喷管烧蚀、冲刷和隔热的试验研究

本文简要地叙述了小推力、长时间工作的固体火箭发动机长喷管的烧蚀、冲刷和隔热问题的试验研究工作。对研制过程中所遇到的不同材料在高温下的热膨胀及喷管穿火和喉部烧蚀、冲刷等问题进行了探讨。着重指出:对烧蚀、隔热采用的不同材料在结构上必须考虑高温下的热膨胀补偿及气体挥发份的逸出;整体钨渗铜喉衬入口处形成的“烧蚀台阶”造成该处流场的严重扰动,是导致喷管穿火的重要因素。另外,对造成钨渗铜喉部烧蚀、冲刷的各种因素进行了分析,认为含有大量固体微粒(A1_2O_3)的高温高压高速燃气流对喉部壁的机械冲刷是主要原因。为此,正确选择整体钨渗铜喉衬内型面结构参数以减小燃气流对喉部的机械冲刷作用是解决喉部烧蚀、冲刷的关键。 试验结果表明,采取相应的改进措施后,目前的长喷管设计是成功的。     

有翼高超声速再入飞行器气动设计难点问题

有翼高超声速再入飞行器是近年来的研究热点,气动设计是飞行器设计的关键。为了更清楚地认识有翼高超声速再入飞行器气动设计的难点问题,对有翼高超声速再入飞行器的发展、优势及总体任务剖面进行了介绍,从5个方面详细介绍了该类飞行器气动设计的难点问题,包括多约束复杂面对称气动布局设计、高温真实气体效应对气动特性影响、天地差异与天地换算方法、反作用控制系统(RCS)喷流干扰对气动特性的影响以及气动数据不确定度等,简要阐明了这些难点问题对总体设计的重要性以及初步的解决思路,为有翼高超声速再入飞行器气动设计提供了一些参考。     

Simulation and Analysis of Crashworthiness of Fuel Tank for Helicopters

Crashworthiness requirement of fuel tanks is one of the important requirements in helicopter designs. The relations among the protection frame, textile layer and rubber layer of the fuel tank are introduced. Two appropriate FE models are established, one is for an uncovered helicopter fuel tank without protection frame, and the other is for fuel tank with protection frame. The dynamic responses of the two types of fuel tanks impinging on the ground with velocities of 17.3 m/s are numerically simulated for the purpose of analyzing energy-absorbing capabilities of the textile layer and protection frame. The feasibility of the current crashworthiness design of the fuel tank is examined though comparing the dynamic response behaviors of the two fuel tanks.     

突破技术趋同，波音再现竞争优势

 波音公司面临着来自空客公司的巨大挑战,企业战略性创新才是公司成功的关键。为此波音公司的全部战略性研究集中在扩大产品的差异性上,体现在3个方面：电子化（e-Enabled）运营环境、整体复合材料机身部件的制造技术和支持波音787客机的全球协同环境（GCE）。     

The effect of inlet conditions on the flow and heat transfer in multiple rotating cavity with axial throughflow

This paper discusses experimental results from two different build configurations of a heated multiple rotating cavity test rig.Measurements of heat transfer from the discs and tangential velocities are presented.The test rig is a 70% full scale version of a high pressure compressor stack of an axial gas turbine engine.Of particular interest are the internal cylindrical cavities formed by adjacent discs and the interaction of these with a central axial throughflow of cooling air.Tests were carried out for a range of non-dimensional parameters representative of high pressure compressor internal air system flows(Re up to 5×106 and Rez up to 2×105).Two different builds have been tested.The most significant difference between these two build configurations is the size of the annular gap between the(non-rotating) drive shaft and the bores of the discs.The heat transfer data were obtained from thermocouple measurements of surface temperature and a conduction solution method.The velocity measurements were made using a two component,LDA system.The heat transfer results from the discs show differences between the two builds.This is attributed to the wider annular gap allowing more of the throughflow to penetrate into the cavity.There are also significant differences between the radial distributions of tangential velocity in the two builds of the test rig.For the narrow annular gap,there is an increase of non-dimensional tangential velocity V/Ωr with radial location to solid body rotation V/Ωr=1.For the wider annular gap,the non-dimensional velocities show a decrease with radial location to solid body rotation.      

ν-gap度量及其在飞行控制律评估中的应用

 传统控制律评估方法主要用于单输入单输出（SISO）系统，且对模型参数摄动考虑不够全面,针对这些不足，研究了ν-gap度量方法。在介绍系统广义稳定裕度相关概念的基础上，给出了ν-gap度量的定义、特点和性质以及近似摄动模型的计算，提出ν-gap度量评估控制律的步骤。实例结果表明，该方法不仅克服了上述传统评估方法的缺陷，而且还有根据所求的各摄动影响情况忽略影响小的元素，以减少计算量及可以找到最坏情况下的参数摄动组合等优点。     

临近空间飞行器测控与信息传输系统频段选择

 临近空间飞行器是高性能信息化武器平台,测控（TT&;C）与信息传输系统是其信息保障的核心,而选择合理、可行的频段是展开系统设计的前提和基础。频段选择影响到整个技术方案的制定,是一个需综合考虑、影响深远并具有战略意义的关键问题,从国际电联（ITU）国际标准、高速数传、接收信噪比（SNR）、“三抗”、超视距中继、黑障、雨衰以及设备研制成熟度8个方面全面、细致论证了近空间平台测控系统的频段选择问题,最终得出在视距链路中以Ka频段为宜,在超视距链路中以Ku/Ka双频段为宜的结论。     

基于弯曲激波压缩系统的高超声速进气道反设计研究进展

总结了近十年来弯曲激波压缩研究的主要成果。提出了弯曲激波压缩系统的新概念,即利用特殊设计的楔形弯曲压缩面或空间弯曲压缩面,产生一系列与前缘弱激波相互交汇或叠加的压缩波系,从而使前缘激波弯曲,形成特殊的弯曲激波,它与波后的等熵压缩波来共同完成对气流的压缩。在此基础上,实现了由给定出口气动参数的超声速内流道反设计,实现了由给定压缩面压力分布和给定压缩面马赫数分布要求的型面反设计,实现了由给定激波波面的压缩型面反设计。研究证明,弯曲压缩面-弯曲激波压缩系统具有良好的综合气动性能,为高性能高超声速进气系统的气动设计提供了一种全新的设计方法。     

Integrated Entry Guidance for Reusable Launch Vehicle

A method for the implementation of integrated three-degree-of-freedom constrained entry guidance for reusable launch vehicle is presented. Given any feasible entry conditions, terminal area energy management interface conditions, and the reference trajectory generated onboard then, the method can generate a longitudinal guidance profile rapidly, featuring linear quadratic regular method and a proportional-integral-derivative tracking law with time-varying gains, which satisfies all the entry corridor constraints and meets the requirements with high precision. Afterwards, by utilizing special features of crossrange parameter, establishing bank-reversal corridor, and determining bank-reversals according to dynamically adjusted method, the algorithm enables the lateral entry guidance system to fly a wide range of missions and provides reliable and good performance in the presence of significant aerodynamic modeling uncertainty. Fast trajectory guidance profiles and simulations with a reusable launch vehicle model for various missions and aerodynamic uncertain-ties are presented to demonstrate the capacity and reliability of this method.     

Experimental Study on Effects of Fuel Injection on Scramjet Combustor Performance

In order to investigate the effects of fuel injection distribution on the scramjet combustor performance, there are conducted three sets of test on a hydrocarbon fueled direct-connect scramjet test facility. The results of Test A, whose fuel injection is carried out with injectors located on the top-wall and the bottom-wall, show that the fuel injection with an appropriate close-front and centralized distribution would be of much help to optimize combustor performances. The results of Test B, whose fuel injection is performed at the optimal injection locations found in Test A, with a given equivalence ratio and different injection proportions for each injector, show that this injection mode is of little benefit to improve combustor performances. The results of Test C with a circumferential fuel injection distribution displaies the possibility of ameliorating combustor performance. By analyzing the effects of injection location parameters on combustor performances on the base of the data of Test C, it is clear that the injector location has strong coupled influences on combus- tor performances. In addition, an inner-force synthesis specific impulse is used to reduce the errors caused by the disturbance of fuel supply and working state of air heater while assessing combustor performances.     

(高)超声速流动试验技术及研究进展

近年来,与高速飞行器相关的(高)超声速流动受到了极大的关注。这类流动所具有的非定常性、强梯度和可压缩性对试验方法和风洞设计技术提出了挑战。超声速纳米示踪平面激光散射(NPLS)技术是由作者所在团队研发的非接触光学测试技术。它能够以较高的空间分辨率来揭示超声速三维流场的一个瞬态剖面的时间解析的流动结构。介绍了NPLS技术以及基于NPLS开发的密度场测量、雷诺应力测量和气动光学波前测量等方法,并回顾了这些技术在超声速边界层、超声速混合层、超声速压缩拐角、激波/边界层相互作用和光学头罩绕流等流动中的应用,清晰地再现了边界层、混合层、激波等典型流场结构及其时空演化特性。另外,为了模拟和研究高空大气条件下边界层自然转捩和超声速混合层的转捩特性,介绍了高超声速静风洞、超-超混合层风洞的设计技术以及层流化喷管的设计方法。