系留气球纵向稳定性分析

系留气球是一种应用广泛的空中平台。其运动特性是球体和系留缆绳两者的复合,总体气动布局、系留缆绳参数及风场环境对其稳定性影响非常显著,运动模态不同于一般飞行器。本文通过对球体和系留缆绳的受力特性分析,建立了其纵向运动学方程及其运动学方程的求解方法,分析了在不同风场环境下的运动模态,并数值仿真了在阵风作用下球体和系留缆绳的动态响应特性。     

关于地球卫星运动中的坐标系附加摄动问题

关于卫星运动中的坐标系附加摄动，早期是从两种赤道坐标系中卫星轨道根数的差别采用大量球面三角公式的方法导出的，本文将改用与当今高精度数值解中的坐标转换关系，在岁差章动等参数完全一致的情况下，简要清晰地导出相应的坐标系附加摄动解，既容易被读者接受，又便于与对应的数值解进行比对。     

惯导平台系统连续翻滚试验测试方法研究

首先以X加速度计坐标系为基准建立了平台台体坐标系,推导了基于框架角的姿态方程,即状态方程,并以三个加速度计输出作为观测量建立了观测方程。在此基础上,应用D最优设计方法对平台系统重力场连续翻滚测试进行了优化设计,给出了改进的扩展卡尔曼滤波方程。最后,试验结果验证了该测试方法的有效性。     

弧齿锥齿轮真实齿面的测量及齿面偏差的确定和补偿方法研究

提出了一种基于坐标测量的真实齿面可重复偏差的测量和补偿方法。首先，通过对齿面变形沿圆周方向性质的研究，将齿面偏差从齿面变形中分离出来，并给出了具有几何不变性的偏差定义；接着，讨论了真实齿面在三坐标测量机上的定位方法和测量方法，并采用差曲面描述售差，给出了差曲面的求解算法；最后，提出了真实齿面偏差的补偿原理及用差曲面描述的偏差补偿方法。     

基于星载分布式InSAR测高精度的导航卫星优选

从干涉合成孔径雷达（InSAR）测高精度需求出发,分析整个流程中的综合观测几何,联合InSAR对地观测参数、全球卫星导航系统（GNSS）对编队卫星观测参数和坐标系转换参数,建立了导航卫星的优选准则,理论推导了InSAR高程的误差传播系数。该准则直接针对InSAR高程精度进行优化选星,表征了综合几何关系下基线各分量对测高误差的贡献。仿真结果与理论推导相吻合,并给出了不同卫星导航系统、不同选星个数以及不同InSAR参数配置等多种场景下的结果比对。新准则相比以往基于最小相对精度衰减因子的选星准则,能够更好地反映实际几何关系,从而在相同观测条件下通过卫星优选得到更高的测高精度。     

Earth Footprints of Satellite Antennas

This paper develops the expressions for computing the footprint on Earth (i.e., power density contours) of a satellite antenna. The expression for determining the antenna pattern coordinate as a function of the Earth coordinates is derived. The antenna pattern operator which converts the pattern function into the available power density is obtained. In this case it is assumed that the Earth-based antenna is directed towards the satellite. The radar operator is also derived; this operator yields the power density intercepted by the Earth.     

基于非平行双目结构的三维坐标解算算法

理想情况下,双目立体视觉模型是平行放置的,三维坐标易于解算。但在实际安装摄像机的时候,光轴无法做到平行,标定所得的重投影矩阵和左右图像匹配都存在误差,影响了三维坐标解算精度。针对此种情况,对非平行双目结构三维坐标解算进行了深入的研究。传统的最小二乘法和归一化最小二乘法都是利用求解联立的超定方程组得到最优解,将最优解看作是空间物点的三维坐标,但是它们都没有考虑所建立的超定方程组所代表的几何意义。从几何学角度出发,推导出一种基于异面直线公垂线中点的三维坐标解算公式,通过在无人机平台上测距实验,验证了此方法比最小二乘法和归一化最小二乘法具有更高的精度。     

基于LMS Virtual. Lab的系留气球仿真与优化

系留气球在近地面收放过程中存在俯仰角过大的问题，为了更全面地了解收放过程中不同因素对球体俯仰角的影响，采用LMS Virtua1. Lab建立了带滑轮索具系统的系留气球三维动力学模型进行仿真分析，结果表明，仿真结果与理论计算、测量数据都有较高的符合度。进而运用试验设计( DOE)方法，探索典型风速下球体俯仰角的响应区间。最后基于响应面模型的优化技术，对滑轮索具系统设计进行优化，有效改善了球体在收放过程中俯仰角过大的问题。仿真模型对系留气球系统设计及收放控制有一定的指导作用。     

A new method of single celestial-body sun positioning based on theory of mechanisms

Considering defects of current single celestial-body positioning methods such as discon-tinuity and long period, a new sun positioning algorithm is herein put forward. Instead of tradi-tional astronomical spherical trigonometry and celestial coordinate system, the proposed new positioning algorithm is built by theory of mechanisms. Based on previously derived solar vector equations (from a C1R2P2 series mechanism), a further global positioning method is developed by inverse kinematics. The longitude and latitude coordinates expressed by Greenwich mean time (GMT) and solar vector in local coordinate system are formulated. Meanwhile, elimination method of multiple solutions, errors of longitude and latitude calculation are given. In addition, this algo-rithm has been integrated successfully into a mobile phone application to visualize sun positioning process. Results of theoretical verification and smart phone’s test demonstrate the validity of pre-sented coordinate’s expressions. Precision is shown as equivalent to current works and is acceptable to civil aviation requirement. This new method solves long-period problem in sun sight running fix-ing and improves applicability of sun positioning. Its methodology can inspire development of new sun positioning device. It would be more applicable to be combined with inertial navigation systems for overcoming discontinuity of celestial navigation systems and accumulative errors of inertial nav-igation systems.     

Geometric Approach in Solving Inverse Kinematics of PUMA Robots

A geometric approach for deriving a consistent joint solution of a six-point PUMA1 robot is presented. The approach calls for the definition of various possible arm configurations based on the link coordinate systems and human arm geometry. These arm configurations are then expressed in an exact mathematical way to allow the construction of arm configuration indicators and their corresponding decision equations. The arm configuration indicators are prespecified by a user for finding the joint solution. These indicators enable one to find a solution from the possible four solutions for the first three joints, a solution from the possible two solutions for the last three joints. The solution is calculated in two stages. First a position vector pointing from the shoulder to the wrist is derived. This is used to derive the solution of the first three joints by looking at the projection of the position vector onto the xi-1-yi-1(i = 1,2,3) plane. The last three joints are solved using the calculated joint solution from the first three joints, the orientation matrices, and the projection of the link coordinate frames onto the xi-1-yi-1 (i = 4,5,6) plane. From the geometry, one can easily find the arm solution consistently. A computer simulation study conducted on a VAX-11/780 computer demonstrated the validity of the arm solution.     

涡轮气热弹耦合计算模型与算例

针对涡轮气热弹多场耦合不变量方程,推导了任意曲线坐标系中的多场耦合控制方程,讨论了气热弹多场耦合的4种类型：气热、气弹、热弹和气热弹耦合,给出了相应的计算模型与耦合边界条件,建立了能够采用统一差分格式求解涡轮气热弹多场耦合的三维数值仿真平台的计算模型。并通过对一个具有解析解空心圆筒的热弹性计算和对Mark Ⅱ叶片气热耦合计算,初步验证了应用有限差分计算气热弹多场耦合计算模型的可行性。     

四元数的核心矩阵及其在航天器姿态控制中的应用

基于旋转群代数,以航天器姿态控制研究为背景,提出了四元数的核心矩阵的概念。以此为中心,首先导出了核心矩阵本身、逆、行列式及其导数的若干关系式,然后应用核心矩阵得到了四元数姿态误差及其运动学关系的非常简洁的表示形式,最后利用核心矩阵证明了用缩减四元数为广义坐标和以常规 Euler角为广义坐标对描述航天器姿态动力学的等效性。研究结果可应用于航天器的快速、大角度和三维姿态机动控制     

六自由度舰面模拟平台的数学建模与仿真

建立了一种六自由度运动平台的数学模型;按国家标准(GB/T14410-93)定义的坐标系,导出了液压动作筒长度与平台六自由度位移之间的关系;最后根据液压动作筒的极限行程,采用数值仿真确定了平台单自由度运动时的幅值,对平台的多自由度组合运动也进行了仿真计算,为设计六自由度舰面模拟运动平台提供了理论依据。     

轮盘应变疲劳寿命可靠性分析方法

为较准确评估应变疲劳寿命可靠性，通过引入两个相关随机变量对Coffin-Manson公式随机化，发展了一种轮盘应变疲劳寿命可靠性分析概率模型。对线性回归残差重新定义，使得到的回归参数不随坐标系的选取发生变化。采用响应面法和蒙特卡洛模拟相结合的方法获得轮盘危险点应变幅的分布，最后通过多次解非线性方程数值模拟得到轮盘危险点应变疲劳寿命分布及其可靠寿命。     

Exact Target Angular Coordinates from Biased Radar Measurements

Exact and simplified expressions are derived for the calibration of raw target coordinate measurements obtained from a tracking radar, The measured target position in angle is indicated by the displacement of the antenna boresight. The true target position, however, deviates from this measured value because of such system biases as tilt (leveling error), nonorthogonality of axes, collimation error, dynamic lag, etc. These and other biases are accounted for in this paper. The pedestal configuration assumed is an elevation over azimuth mount. A noise-free environment is also assumed.     

共轴异向旋转筒间不可压流的临界主不稳定性

基于长隙比无穷大和Tollmien-Schilchting 行谐波假设，通过导出坐标系下不可压一阶改型边疆特征值问题，实现了异向旋转筒流动临界主不稳定性的线性分析，在稳定性方程离散中引入了一类高精度对称紧致差分格式，在特征值搜索中发展了一个高效率复矩阵双重反迭代算法。双临界点分析揭示了几何参数、、流动参数、流动参数、扰动参数相互间的变化规律。理论结果同实验测量数据基本一致。     

基于张量的舰载机滑跃式起飞动力学建模

基于张量推导建立了舰载机起飞过程的一般数学模型。将航空母舰、飞机、飞机的前后起落架活动部分视为具有独立质量的实体,构成柔性连接的多刚体系统。用牛顿—欧拉法(N-E法)建立各个实体的动力学方程。利用张量的不变性对动力学和运动学方程进行变换,消除坐标系转换的影响,得到矩阵形式的微分方程组。这样动力学的全部计算均统一为矩阵形式。讨论了模型的封闭性,并给出了仿真结果。     

Three-dimensional analysis of relationship between relative orientation and motion modes

Target motion modes have a close relationship with the relative orientation of missile-totarget in three-dimensional highly maneuvering target interception. From the perspective of relationship between the sensor coordinate system and the target body coordinate system, a basic model of sensor is stated and the definition of relative angular velocity between the two coordinate systems is introduced firstly. Then, the three-dimensional analytic expressions of relative angular velocity for different motion modes are derived and simplified by analyzing the influences of target centroid motion, rotation around centroid and relative motion. Finally, the relationships of the relative angular velocity directions and values with motion modes are discussed. Simulation results validate the rationality of the theoretical analysis. It is demonstrated that there are significant differences of the relative orientation in different motion modes which include luxuriant information about motion modes. The conclusions are significant for the research of motion mode identification,maneuver detection, maneuvering target tracking and interception using target signatures.     

Closed-form posterior Cramer-Rao bounds for bearings-only tracking

We address the classical bearings-only tracking problem (BOT) for a single object, which belongs to the general class of nonlinear filtering problems. Recently, algorithms based on sequential Monte-Carlo methods (particle filtering) have been proposed. As far as performance analysis is concerned, the posterior Cramer-Rao bound (PCRB) provides a lower bound on the mean square error. Classically, under a technical assumption named "asymptotic unbiasedness assumption", the PCRB is given by the inverse Fisher information matrix (FIM). The latter is computed using Tichavsky's recursive formula via Monte-Carlo methods. Two major problems are studied here. First, we show that the asymptotic unbiasedness assumption can be replaced by an assumption which is more meaningful. Second, an exact algorithm to compute the PCRB is derived via Tichavsky's recursive formula without using Monte-Carlo methods. This result is based on a new coordinate system named logarithmic polar coordinate (LPC) system. Simulation results illustrate that PCRB can now be computed accurately and quickly, making it suitable for sensor management applications     

相对失控翻滚目标悬停的自适应模糊滑模控制

研究了含有系统不确定性和外部干扰的追踪器相对失控翻滚目标悬停的六自由度耦合控制问题。首先,在追踪器本体坐标系中建立了非线性的六自由度耦合的一体化动力学模型,将悬停控制问题转化为相对位置和相对姿态控制问题。再基于模糊逼近原理设计了一种自适应的模糊滑模控制器,该控制器能够有效克服系统的模型不确定性和外部干扰的影响,并能消除传统的抖振问题。由Lyapunov方法导出了模糊自适应律并证明了闭环系统的稳定性。数值仿真验证了所提的自适应模糊滑模控制器的有效性。