考虑模型抖振力跨向不完全相关性效应的气动导纳识别

首先通过考虑节段模型上抖振力跨向不完全相关性效应推导了节段模型风洞试验中作用在模型断面上的分布抖振力谱和由底支式天平测到的模型总抖振力谱之间的关系。然后,以准平板断面为例,进行了格栅湍流场节段模型的测力和同步测压试验,获得了模型总抖振力谱以及模型抖振力跨向相关性函数。接着,采用等效导纳法以及抖振力自谱和抖振力脉动风速交叉谱综合残量最小二乘法分别识别了准平板节段模型等效气动导纳和六分量气动导纳,讨论了模型抖振力跨向不完全相关性效应对气动导纳识别结果的影响,并把识别得到的准平板断面气动导纳与平板断面气动导纳的理论结果——Sears函数进行了比较。结果表明：忽略抖振力跨向不完全相关性效应（即假设节段模型分布抖振力沿跨向完全相关）而直接采用平均抖振力作为断面上分布抖振力的传统方法会导致气动导纳识别结果偏小,并且,其偏小程度会随着频率的增加而增加;此外,相对于抖振升力和扭矩相关的气动导纳分量而言,由于抖振阻力的跨向相关性比抖振升力和扭矩的跨向相关性显得更弱,因此抖振力跨向不完全相关性效应对阻力相关气动导纳分量识别结果的影响更大;利用识别得到的六分量气动导纳反算的作用在模型上的分布抖振力谱与试验中实测结果非常接近,经抖振力跨向不完全相关性效应修正后的竖向脉动风速对应的升力和扭矩气动导纳分量的识别结果与Sears函数也比较接近,从而验证了用于六分量气动导纳识别的自谱-交叉谱综合最小二乘法的可靠性。     

H型截面细长杆件颤振稳定性试验研究

通过节段模型与气弹模型风洞试验,研究了不同腹板开孔率的H型细长结构的风致颤振失稳特性.试验中H型杆件的腹板与翼板宽的比值为2.4,试验研究均在均匀流中进行,来流风为横桥向时定义为0°风偏角.节段试验研究发现,腹板开孔的细长H型截面杆件在20°风偏角附近较低风速下即可发生扭转颤振失稳,发生扭转颤振失稳的风偏角区间受腹板开孔大小影响明显.腹板开孔率38%的模型在0°附近及10°＜β＜30°偏角区间存在扭转颤振失稳,开孔率27%的模型颤振失稳区间为10°＜β＜30°,而14%开孔率的模型颤振失稳区间仅为15°＜β＜25°.腹板无开孔的模型在0°≤β＜10°偏角内较低风速下即可发生弯曲驰振,风偏角增大后,个别偏角下会发生扭弯颤振.腹板开孔为14%与27%的模型试验中没有观测到弯曲驰振现象,而开孔率为38%的模型在80°≤β≤90°偏角内可发生弯曲驰振,可见适度的腹板开孔可有效改善细长H型截面杆件的弯曲驰振稳定性.开孔率为27%的气弹模型试验验证了节段模型扭转颤振失稳及驰振稳定性的结果.     

基于涡激力偏相关的大跨度桥梁涡激振动线性分析方法

周期性旋涡脱落会使大跨度桥梁产生涡激振动,与旋涡脱落密切相关的涡激力沿跨向并不完全相关。基于Scanlan涡激力经验线性模型,研究了涡激力沿跨向的相关性。通过Fourier变换得到二维力谱到三维广义力谱的转换关系,定义了二维与原型桥梁涡振响应之间的折减系数,给出了将节段模型涡振试验结果应用到原型桥梁的具体理论方法。最后,通过不同缩尺比的节段模型风洞试验及全桥气弹模型风洞试验验证了本文理论的有效性。     

桥梁断面气动导纳的数值识别方法研究北大核心CSCD

针对一种气动导纳的数值识别方法进行研究。基于二维不可压缩URANS方法,选用SSTk-ω湍流模型,通过在来流中给定单一频率的竖向谐波速度分量,计算相应的桥梁断面气动力荷载时程,识别桥梁断面的气动导纳。首先考查来流脉动特性在计算域内的自保持能力,随后再对平板和桥梁断面的气动导纳进行识别,所得结果与理论解和试验值相比较,并讨论流场初始化条件的影响。结果表明:足够小的网格尺寸和时间步长是来流脉动不发生明显衰减的必要条件;平板的气动导纳识别结果与Sears函数高度吻合;数值识别的桥梁断面升力气动导纳在低频段与Sears函数一致,在高频段略低,但与试验值较接近;力矩气动导纳与Sears函数有较大差异,但与试验值基本吻合;流场初始化条件对计算效率有影响。     

桥梁断面气动导纳的数值识别方法研究

针对一种气动导纳的数值识别方法进行研究。基于二维不可压缩URANS方法,选用SSTk-ω湍流模型,通过在来流中给定单一频率的竖向谐波速度分量,计算相应的桥梁断面气动力荷载时程,识别桥梁断面的气动导纳。首先考查来流脉动特性在计算域内的自保持能力,随后再对平板和桥梁断面的气动导纳进行识别,所得结果与理论解和试验值相比较,并讨论流场初始化条件的影响。结果表明:足够小的网格尺寸和时间步长是来流脉动不发生明显衰减的必要条件;平板的气动导纳识别结果与Sears函数高度吻合;数值识别的桥梁断面升力气动导纳在低频段与Sears函数一致,在高频段略低,但与试验值较接近;力矩气动导纳与Sears函数有较大差异,但与试验值基本吻合;流场初始化条件对计算效率有影响。     

二滩工程钢引桥风振试验研究

二滩水电站木材过坝机械系统中，斜坡段钢引桥节段模型风洞试验分别在光滑流和大湍流密度条件下进行，包括涡激振和抖振试验，以及颤振临界风速和颤振导数测定。试验救是的结果可作为该钢引桥结构动力计算风振稳定性分析的依据。     

带有气动及结构非线性的二元机翼颤振分析

研究了翼型在低马赫数条件下的非定常气动特性,从翼型表面气流运动的角度对Leishman-Beddoes(L-B)模型进行了修正,并在此基础上建立了适合低马赫数颤振研究且带有气动及结构非线性的二元机翼气弹系统分析模型.对比低马赫数翼型气动载荷试验结果表明对L-B模型的修正是有效的,且机翼颤振试验结果亦验证了二元机翼气弹分析模型.研究结果表明:二元机翼气弹系统的失速颤振与初始变距角和来流速度密切相关,且耦合的三次非线性变距和浮沉刚度是造成系统呈现准周期运动的主要原因.      

桥梁简化断面颤振的实验研究

本文介绍一种用于闭口风洞的桥梁节段动力模型颤振实验装置。该装置使模型处于良好的二维流场之中;能方便地对模型系统的质量和转动惯量进行精确的调节;采用了运动的分解测量方法,直接测量模型在每个自由度上的运动。 在风洞中用该装置对包括平板在内的三种简化桥梁断面的八种动力学状态进行了不同攻角下的颤振实验。结果证明,装置是成功的,澄清了几个感兴趣的问题。实验还给出了一个与传统概念不同的结果。     

5000m特大跨度悬索桥空气动力稳定性风洞试验研究

伴随跨海大桥建造时代的来临,特大跨度悬索桥的空气动力性能研究日益紧迫,设计了中跨跨度为5000m的宽开槽和窄开槽钢箱梁悬索桥方案,实现了5000m特大跨度钢箱梁悬索桥的节段模型风洞试验,研究了宽开槽和窄开槽两种方案的颤振性能,识别了其颤振导数、颤振风速、颤振频率、三分力系数等重要参数;其次在风洞试验中研究了多种稳定板组合方案对窄开槽钢箱梁的颤振控制作用,发现中央稳定板和上稳定板的组合能将颤振临界风速提高50％;最后提出了适用于特大跨度悬索桥的二维颤振Straight—forward Method分析方法,对风洞试验进行了数值模拟,验证了该方法和节段模型风洞试验对于5000m悬索桥分析结果的一致性。最终研究认为：中央开槽达到足够宽度的方案与窄开槽附加稳定板的方案都能为跨度5000m的悬索桥提供足够高的颤振失稳临界风速,并能满足世界上绝大多数台风区的要求。     

基于振动时滞法的非零叶间相位角叶片颤振

发展了一种利用叶片延迟振动设置叶间相位角的振动时滞法和多通道叶片非同相振动的流固耦合颤振分析模型。模型通道数选取相邻节径线之间通道数的两倍,在循环扇区的不同通道中,令叶片的各阶振动模态位移滞后于前一叶片,结合基于虚拟弹性体的快速动网格算法实现流场及叶片网格的高效更新。针对Rotor 37多通道模型,研究了不同叶间相位角对叶片气弹稳定性及通道流场特性的影响。结果表明:多通道方法与全环叶片颤振分析的计算结果基本一致,而18节径振动下多通道方法的计算时间是全环分析的1486%;节径振动形式对气动阻尼有显著影响,且在2节径时发生气弹失稳;叶间相位角引起流道内激波位置和强度变化和非定常激波脉动异相冲击,是影响颤振的主要原因。     

基于非定常气动力辨识技术的气动弹性数值模拟

选择离散型输入输出差分模型,运用最小二乘方法进行非定常气动力建模,并将辨识得到的降阶模型用于气动弹性的数值模拟。1个马赫数下的颤振临界点的计算仅需调用一次非定常流场求解器。计算精度保持与非定常欧拉方程计算方法相当的同时计算效率提高了1~2个量级。计算了跨声速具有S型颤振边界的气动弹性标准算例－Isogaiwing和三维气动弹性标模算例AGARD445.6,辨识模型计算边界与非定常Euler方程计算结果吻合。证明非定常气动力辨识技术可以提供高效的高精度的气动弹性分析。     

Variations of flutter mechanism of a span-morphing wing involving rigid-body motions

The present paper aims to reveal the significance of rigid-body motions for the flutter mechanism of a span-morphing wing model. The inclusion of rigid-body motions into aeroelastic formulation and flutter analysis is presented. A state-space aeroelastic equation combining the dynamics of stepped Euler-Bernoulli beam with unsteady strip aerodynamic theory is developed by quasi-static modeling. Using a numerical example, variations of flutter mechanism from the bending-torsional flutter to the body-freedom flutter are observed as the span increases. In addition, effects of some dimensionless parameters on the variations of flutter mechanism are investigated. The investigated parameters belonging to the fuselage have limited influences on the bending-torsional flutter but a significant impact on the body-freedom flutter.     

Hypersonic flutter and flutter suppression system of a wind tunnel model

The aeroelastic behavior of a thin flat rudder model was numerically simulated and experimentally investigated in a hypersonic wind tunnel. In particular, a flutter suppression system taking advantage of collision within small gaps was proposed and a novel system for the flutter simulation of the whole nonlinear aeroelastic system including the flutter suppression system was developed. First, the critical flutter dynamic pressure of the rudder without the flutter suppression system was calculated with different methods. Then, the whole nonlinear aeroelastic system, including theflutter suppression system, was simulated to design the gap size. Finally, the flutter suppression system was experimentally validated in a hypersonic wind tunnel operating at Mach number 5. The typical phenomenon of Limit Cycle Oscillation(LCO) was observed, avoiding the structural failure of the model and the consistency between numerical and experimental results was demonstrated.The proposed suppression system can improve the design and reusability of test models of hypersonic flutter experiments.     

Transonic flutter computations for the NLR 7301 supercritical airfoil

A numerical investigation of the transonic steady-state aerodynamics and of the two-degree-of-freedom bending/torsion flutter characteristics of the NLR 7301 section is carried out using a time-domain method. An unsteady, two-dimensional, compressible, thin-layer Navier–Stokes flow-solver is coupled with a two-degree-of-freedom structural model. Fully turbulent flows are computed with algebraic or one-equation turbulence models. Furthermore, natural transition is modeled with a transition model. Computations of the steady transonic aerodynamic characteristics show good agreement with Schewe's experiment after a simplified accounting for wind-tunnel interference effects is used. The aeroelastic computations predict limit-cycle flutter in agreement with the experiment. The computed flutter frequency agrees closely with the experiment but the computed flutter amplitudes are an order of magnitude larger than the measured ones. This discrepancy is likely due to the omission of the full wind-tunnel interference effects in the computations.     

Identification of reduced-order model for an aeroelastic system from flutter test data

Recently, flutter active control using linear parameter varying (LPV) framework has attracted a lot of attention. LPV control synthesis usually generates controllers that are at least of the same order as the aeroelastic models. Therefore, the reduced-order model is required by syn-thesis for avoidance of large computation cost and high-order controller. This paper proposes a new procedure for generation of accurate reduced-order linear time-invariant (LTI) models by using sys-tem identification from flutter testing data. The proposed approach is in two steps. The well-known poly-reference least squares complex frequency (p-LSCF) algorithm is firstly employed for modal parameter identification from frequency response measurement. After parameter identification, the dominant physical modes are determined by clear stabilization diagrams and clustering tech-nique. In the second step, with prior knowledge of physical poles, the improved frequency-domain maximum likelihood (ML) estimator is presented for building accurate reduced-order model. Before ML estimation, an improved subspace identification considering the poles constraint is also proposed for initializing the iterative procedure. Finally, the performance of the proposed procedure is validated by real flight flutter test data.     

操纵面对跨声速机翼气动弹性特性的影响

 运用基于非定常CFD的气动力辨识技术,得到跨声速非定常气动力降阶模型。耦合结构动力学方程,建立了基于状态空间的跨声速气动弹性分析模型。分析了典型三自由度二元机翼的颤振边界,分析结果与CFD/CSD直接耦合方法吻合。然后研究了操纵面结构参数（固有频率和重心位置）对跨声速气动弹性特性的影响。研究发现,一些传统的结构设计准则和颤振排除技术未必适用于跨声速状态;操纵面偏转模态常常成为诱发跨声速颤振的主要模态;经典的质量平衡技术可能会降低跨声速气动弹性系统的稳定性。     

气动弹性剪裁中的设计变量和约束导数

1.前言 设计变量的取法和约束导数的计算,不但影响气动弹性剪裁的结果,而且决定着它的工作量。本文对于两种不同的设计变量取法进行了讨论。在约束导数计算方面,通过一个盒段模型和一个三角翼模型的计算,进行了对比。     

Transient aeroelastic responses and flutter analysis of a variable-span wing during the morphing process

To investigate the transient aeroelastic responses and flutter characteristics of a variablespan wing during the morphing process,a novel frst-order state-space aeroelastic model is proposed.The time-varying structural model of the morphing wing is established based on the Euler-Bernoulli beam theory with time-dependent boundary conditions.A nondimensionalization method is used to translate the time-dependent boundary conditions to be time-independent.The time-domain aerodynamic forces are calculated by the reduced-order unsteady vortex lattice method.The morphing parameters,i.e.,wing span length and morphing speed,are of particular interest for understanding the fundamental aeroelastic behavior of variable-span wings.A test case is proposed and numerical results indicate that the flutter characteristics are sensitive to both of the two morphing parameters.It could be noticed that the aeroelastic characteristics during the wing extracting process are more serious than those during the extending process at the same morphing speed by transient aeroelastic response analysis.In addition,a faster morphing process can get better aeroelastic performance while the mechanism comlexity will arise.     

大后掠翼前缘涡对其颤振特性的影响

大迎角三角翼的前缘涡不仅可以改善其气动力特性,也会显著影响机翼的气动弹性特性.运用基于Euler方程的非定常气动力降阶模型(ROM)方法,耦合结构运动方程,在状态空间内建立了气动弹性分析模型,研究了70°削尖三角翼的大迎角颤振特性.研究结果显示前缘涡对该机翼颤振特性的影响不可忽略.颤振速度随迎角的增加而大幅降低,迎角α=20°时的颤振速度比α=0°时降低了22%.发现了颤振特性随迎角变化时出现的不连续现象,并揭示了该现象是由于系统颤振分支随着静态迎角的增加发生转移所致.     

气动弹性剪裁中的响应值敏度

进行了一种用解析方法求气动弹性剪裁中的结构响应值敏度的研究。推导了结构的气动弹性响应(位移,振动形态和频率,静气动弹性效率和发散,颤振 )对设计变量导数的封闭解析表达式。设计变量可包含复合材料结构的铺层方向角。广义气动力导数计及正交振动形态导数的影响。经实例验算,所求得的敏度,与差分法相比,数值上吻合得很好。此方法已成功地应用于 CAE倡导发展的结构优化设计程序系统。