航天器在轨角动量演化及卸载策略研究

为了减少在轨卫星的喷气卸载次数,节省推进剂,延长卫星的使用寿命,对地球静止轨道零动量卫星和V型轮偏置动量卫星的角动量管理问题进行了研究.根据卫星角动量累计演化特点,给出两类卫星的角动量管理方法,提出优化的喷气卸载策略.基于上述研究对在轨卫星非正常卸载情况进行了理论分析与仿真验证,提出解决措施.在轨试验表明,基于优化的喷气卸载策略进行卫星角动量管理,可明显减少卫星的卸载次数,验证了策略的正确性.     

火星环绕器环火轨道的角动量管理方法

针对中国首次火星探测的任务需求和规划,结合环绕器质量特性和布局构型以及大椭圆轨道特性,分析了环绕器在环火飞行阶段所受的重力梯度力矩和光压力矩规律.空间干扰力矩累积导致飞轮转速上升,影响姿态机动能力,需要喷气卸载.为减少喷气卸载次数,在满足系统任务的基础上,设计了姿态偏置方案,利用光压力矩和重力梯度力矩相互抵消减少角动量...     

嫦娥五号飞行试验器服务舱环月期间的角动量管理

对环月地轨道环绕卫星所受重力梯度力矩进行了分析.在分析的基础上,利用在轨飞行数据得到卫星实际质量特性,并设计俯仰姿态偏置的方法,实现卫星重力梯度配平.通过嫦娥五号服务舱的实际在轨飞行,证明重力梯度配平方法可以降低星体所受重力梯度力矩,达到延长卸载周期的目的.     

深空探测器在轨推力器参数辨识方法

针对中国首次自主火星探测任务需要,结合环绕器质量特性和推进系统布局构型,分析了喷气卸载对整器角动量的影响。在分析的基础上,通过飞轮卸载前后三轴转速变化规律,计算整器角动量变化情况,并解算出每次喷气时产生的冲量及推力方向偏差;通过同组推力器作用时对各轴的扰动,解算整器质心坐标。利用在轨数据分析了天问一号探测器巡航段6次使用不同推力器的喷气卸载情况,解算的推力器方向偏差、质心坐标和地面设计值进行比对,实测推力方向偏差不超过0.6°,质心绝对偏差小于18mm,验证了计算方法的有效性和正确性,可作为后续轨控任务的点火方向制定、燃料预算的输入依据。     

电推进卫星角动量卸载研究

电推进卫星需要在进行位置保持的同时通过将推力器的指向略微偏离质心来产生控制力矩,完成角动量卸载。针对该问题,文章在给定推力器开机位置、时长和动量轮目标卸载量的情况下,提出了正常模式和故障模式下的角动量卸载算法。通过对推力模型的简化,得出了推力器最优偏转方向的解析解,并对考虑推力器弧段损失和不考虑弧段损失的角动量卸载算法进行了比较。仿真结果表明,所提出的卸载算法能够在进行位置保持的同时完成角动量卸载,为电推进卫星的在轨控制策略提供了有效解决方案。     

基于磁力矩器的GEO卫星角动量卸载方法

针对GEO卫星的角动量卸载,提出了利用磁力矩器进行卸载的方法.对静止轨道上地球磁场强度进行了分析,对于中国上空的静止轨道区域,静止轨道的磁场主要在卫星Y方向即南北方向,其次在X方向.对开关式磁力矩器的卸载方案进行了研究,列出了卸载需要满足的方程,对方程的解进行了讨论.最后,提出了磁卸载的四个工作模式并进行了仿真,证明该卸载方法具有良好的适用性.     

轨控大干扰下的系统角动量管理

摘要： 针对利用角动量交换装置系统实现轨控期间姿态维持的情况,研究当轨控推力器存在大力矩扰动时系统角动量管理方法.结合对地运行航天器轨道运动特性,分析轨控干扰力矩的积累角动量变化规律;考虑角动量管理装置系统的角动量存贮容量,基于角动量积累规律提出了一种结合偏置角动量建立与对称分布轨控位置选择的系统角动量管理方法,实现了对称轨控位置积累角动量互相抵消的自平衡效果,极大程度地提高轨控效率且避免系统角动量饱和现象.所提出的方法适用于喷气欠驱动控制系统,方法的有效性通过了数学仿真验证及在轨型号应用.     

短消息

正6月14日,我国探月工程嫦娥四号任务中的鹊桥中继星成功实施轨道捕获控制,进入环绕距月球约6.5万公里的地月拉格朗日L2点的Halo使命轨道,成为世界首颗运行在地月L2点Halo使命轨道的卫星。后续,鹊桥中继星将在此轨道陆续开展在轨测试和中继通信链路联试,为今年年底择机发射的嫦娥四号月球探测器提供地月中继测控通信。     

中国航天

"嫦娥二号"飞抵150万千米外深空8月25日23时24分,嫦娥二号卫星成功实施了拉格朗日L2点绕飞捕获控制,并成功进入了运行周期为180天的环绕拉格朗日L2点轨道。此举实现了世界上首次由月球轨道飞往拉格朗日L2点的航天活动,也是中国航天深空探测的触角第一次延伸到如此遥远的宇宙深空。有关专家表示,"嫦娥二号"在发射和在轨运行过程中,由于火箭技术、基地发射     

静止轨道卫星东西位置保持控制参数的优化方法

为提高静止轨道卫星东西位置保持的轨道控制精度,提出一种优化轨道控制参数和推进剂消耗量估算的方法.这种方法考虑卫星轨道机动期间其姿态控制喷气对卫星轨道的摄动力,据此对位置保持参数中的轨控推力器点火时间进行补偿,并根据所有推力器的喷气时间估算推进剂消耗量,以修正轨控策略,实现更加精准的轨道控制效果.以在轨运行的静止轨道卫星的多次向西位置保持的变轨参数优化过程为实例,验证本方法的有效性和正确性,可应用于后续静止轨道卫星东西位置的实际操作中.     

Status of the T2L2/Jason2 Experiment

The T2L2 (Time Transfer by Laser Link) project, developed by CNES and OCA will permit the synchronization of remote ultra stable clocks and the determination of their performances over intercontinental distances. The principle of the experiment derives from Satellite Laser Ranging (SLR) technology with dedicated space equipment. T2L2 was accepted in 2005 to be on board the Jason2 altimetry satellite. The payload consists of both event timer and photo detection modules. The system uses the ultra-stable quartz oscillator of DORIS as on-board reference clock on one hand, and the Laser Reflector Array, making T2L2 a real two-way time transfer system on the other hand. The expected time stability of the T2L2 instrument (detection and timing), referenced by the DORIS oscillator and including all internal error sources should be at the level of 10–12 ps at 1 s and <1 ps at 1000 s. The metrological specifications of T2L2 should permit to maintain a precision of 1 to a few ps when measuring the phase of a clock during around 1000 seconds.     

Comparison of ionospheric F2 peak parameters foF2 and hmF2 with IRI2001 at Hainan

Monthly median values of foF2, hmF2 and M(3000)F2 parameters, with quarter-hourly time interval resolution for the diurnal variation, obtained with DPS4 digisonde at Hainan (19.5°N, 109.1°E; Geomagnetic coordinates: 178.95°E, 8.1°N) are used to investigate the low-latitude ionospheric variations and comparisons with the International Reference Ionosphere (IRI) model predictions. The data used for the present study covers the period from February 2002 to April 2007, which is characterized by a wide range of solar activity, ranging from high solar activity (2002) to low solar activity (2007). The results show that (1) Generally, IRI predictions follow well the diurnal and seasonal variation patterns of the experimental values of foF2, especially in the summer of 2002. However, there are systematic deviation between experimental values and IRI predictions with either CCIR or URSI coefficients. Generally IRI model greatly underestimate the values of foF2 from about noon to sunrise of next day, especially in the afternoon, and slightly overestimate them from sunrise to about noon. It seems that there are bigger deviations between IRI Model predictions and the experimental observations for the moderate solar activity. (2) Generally the IRI-predicted hmF2 values using CCIR M(3000)F2 option shows a poor agreement with the experimental results, but there is a relatively good agreement in summer at low solar activity. The deviation between the IRI-predicted hmF2 using CCIR M(3000)F2 and observed hmF2 is bigger from noon to sunset and around sunrise especially at high solar activity. The occurrence time of hmF2 peak (about 1200 LT) of the IRI model predictions is earlier than that of observations (around 1500 LT). The agreement between the IRI hmF2 obtained with the measured M(3000)F2 and the observed hmF2 is very good except that IRI overestimates slightly hmF2 in the daytime in summer at high solar activity and underestimates it in the nighttime with lower values near sunrise at low solar activity.     

Satellite capture as a restricted 2 + 2 body problem

A restricted 2?+?2 body problem is proposed as a possible mechanism to explain the capture of small bodies by a planet. In particular, we consider two primaries revolving in a circular mutual orbit and two small bodies of equal mass, neither of which affects the motion of the primaries. If the small bodies are temporarily captured in the Hill sphere of the smaller primary, they may get close enough to each other to exchange energy in such a way that one of them becomes permanently captured. Numerical simulations show that capture is possible for both prograde and retrograde orbits.     

Amino acid synthesis from CO-N2 and CO-N2-H2 gas mixtures via complex organic compounds.

Reaction among hydrogen cyanide (HCN), formaldehyde (H2CO) and ammonia (NH3) are generally considered an important reaction in amino acid synthesis by electric discharge. Precursors of glycine and aspartic acid were, however, synthesized by adding water to metastable complex compounds produced by quenching a CO-N2 high-temperature plasma. In order to investigate effects of water remaining in an experimental vacuum chamber, optical emission spectroscopic and mass spectrometric measurements were conducted with CO-N2 and CO-N2-H2 gas mixtures. Although residual hydrogen atoms were detected in the CO-N2 experiment, the amount of them was much less than that in the CO-N2-H2 experiment.     

Impact of Jason-2/T2L2 Ultra-Stable-Oscillator Frequency Model on DORIS stations coordinates and Earth Orientation Parameters

Doppler Orbitography and Radiopositioning Integrated by Satellite (DORIS) is a tracking technique based on a one-way ground to space Doppler link. For Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellites, DORIS shows a robust capability in terms of data coverage and availability, due to a wide and well-distributed ground network, where data are made available by the International Doris Service (IDS). However, systematic errors remain in the DORIS data, such as instabilities of the on-board clock due to radiation encountered in space, which limit the accurate determination of station positions.The DORIS on-board clock frequency stability is degraded by the increased radiation found in the region of the South Atlantic Anomaly (SAA) and has been shown to degrade station position estimation. This paper introduces a new model correction to the DORIS data for the frequency of the Jason-2 Ultra Stable Oscillator (USO), derived from the Time Transfer by Laser Link (T2L2) experiment (Belli and Exertier, 2018). We show that a multi-satellite DORIS solution including this T2L2-corrected data applied to the frequency modelling for The DORIS data, improves the estimation of station coordinates. We show the tie residuals with respect to collocated GPS stations are improved by several millimeters. We also demonstrate that the 117-day (Jason-2) draconitic signal in the geophysical parameters is reduced, implying that the origin of this signal is not just solar radiation pressure mis-modeling, but also radiation-induced clock perturbations on the Jason-2 DORIS Ultra-Stable-Oscillator (USO). Finally we demonstrate through comparisons with the International Earth Rotations and Reference Systems Service (IERS) C04 series for Earth Orientation Parameters (EOP), that the estimation of EOP is improved in both a Jason-2 DORIS-only and a multi-satellite DORIS solution for EOP.     

二维H2/O2混合和流动的直接数值模拟

用高阶精度的紧致差分方法,对低速的随时间发展的二维可压缩H-2/O-2混合层流动编制了直接数值模拟的计算机程序,对雷诺数Re为400、来流马赫数Ma分别为0.4(上部的H₂)和1.57(下部的O₂)的H₂/O₂亚跨超声速混合层流动进行了计算,得到了相应的计算结果,并对结果进行了分析和研究.     

Ionospheric behavior of the F2 peak parameters foF2 and hmF2 at Hainan and comparisons with IRI model predictions

Monthly median values of foF2, hmF2 and M(3000)F2 parameters, with hourly time interval resolution for the diurnal variation, obtained with DPS-4 digisonde observations at Hainan (19.4°N, 109.0°E) are used to study the low latitude ionospheric variation behavior. The observational results are compared with the International Reference Ionospheric Model (IRI) predictions. The time period coverage of the data used for the present study is from March 2002 to February 2005. Our present study showed that: (1) In general, IRI predictions using CCIR and URSI coefficients follow well the diurnal and seasonal variation patterns of the experimental values of foF2. However, CCIR foF2 and URSI foF2 IRI predictions systematically underestimate the observed results during most time period of the day, with the percentage difference ΔfoF2 (%) values changing between about −5% and −25%, whereas for a few hours around pre-sunrise, the IRI predictions generally overestimate the observational ones with ΔfoF2 (%) sometimes reaching as large as ∼30%. The agreement between the IRI results and the observational ones is better for the year 2002 than for the other years. The best agreement between the IRI results and the observational ones is obtained in summer when using URSI coefficients, with the seasonal average values of ΔfoF2 (%) being within the limits of ±10%. (2) In general, the IRI predicted hmF2 values using CCIR M(3000)F2 option shows a poor agreement with the observational results. However, when using the measured M(3000)F2 as input, the diurnal variation pattern of hmF2 given by IRI2001 has a much better agreement with the observational one with the detailed fine structures including the pre-sunrise and post-sunset peaks reproduced reasonably well. The agreement between the IRI predicted hmF2 values using CCIR M(30,000)F2 option and the observational ones is worst for the afternoon to post-midnight hours for the high solar activity year 2002. During daytime hours the agreement between the hmF2 values obtained with CCIR M(30,000)F2 option and the observational ones is best for summer season. The discrepancy between the observational hmF2 and that obtained with CCIR M(30,000)F2 option stem from the CCIR M(3000)F2 model, which does not produce the small scale structures observed in the measured M(3000)F2.     

2-D differential interferometer

A new type of differential interferometer based on holographic optical elements is developed, which allows the exact determination of a refractive index gradient field in two orthogonal directions. This interferometer will be used in TEXUS experiments to determine the temperature field in a convective liquid cell in which the temperature may be known at only one point.