平流层飞艇总体参数估算

介绍了飞艇设计中总体参数估算的一般步骤,指出了平流层飞艇设计与常规飞艇设计的主要不同点,描述了在一定条件下飞艇质量、体积、升力气体密度、空气密度间的相互关系,阐述了平流层飞艇部分总体参数的确定和估算过程.     

平流层飞艇大迎角气动特性分析

为了获得大迎角下的平流层飞艇的气动特性,基于N-S方程及k-ωSST湍流模型,对某平流层飞艇的大迎角气动特性进行数值模拟分析.结果表明：平流层飞艇的大迎角失速特性及力矩特性与飞机具有较大的区别,飞艇的失速迎角较大（45°左右）;俯仰力矩特性在失速前呈现完全不同的两种趋势,小迎角范围内其静不稳定,迎角增加到一定程度后变为静稳定且维持该状态直至失速.研究结果对平流层飞艇的大迎角操稳设计、飞控设计具有重要的参考意义.     

平流层飞艇飞行控制研究综述

综述了平流层飞艇控制研究的最新成果和发展动态,系统分析了反馈线性化控制、变结构控制、自适应控制、智能控制等方法的特点及其在飞艇控制系统设计中的研究应用现状。在总结已有研究成果的基础上,针对平流层飞艇的环境特性和应用特点,提出了需进一步研究的重难点问题,包括多物理场耦合与协调控制、上升段航迹优化与控制、异类执行机构复合控制等,并对今后的发展趋势进行了展望。     

平流层飞艇平台的类型与技术途径

目前国外研制中的平流层飞艇主要有展开式、多节囊体式和单艇体式三种方式,文章介绍了三种方式各自的优势和关键技术,可供借鉴和参考。     

Stratobus平流层飞艇项目研究进展与仿真分析

平流层飞艇是当前的前沿热点研究方向,创新性强、技术挑战大。针对国外公开在研的大型超长航时平流层飞艇项目Stratobus,首先对基本方案进行总结分析,梳理总体研究进展,然后归纳剖析囊体材料、太阳电池、可再生氢氧燃料电池、吊舱移动系统等核心关键技术方案和研究进展,在此基础上,通过数值仿真,对决定平流层飞艇总体方案可行性的浮重平衡、推阻平衡、能源平衡进行综合分析,提出了Stratobus项目发展的启示,为平流层飞艇总体设计和研究发展提供参考借鉴。     

平流层飞艇螺旋桨地面风洞试验

按照等雷诺数Re和等前进比λ相似准则,从平流层飞艇螺旋桨的运动和动力相似角度出发,建立了螺旋桨拉力系数、功率系数和效率等参数的相似公式,并在地面常规密度风洞中进行了螺旋桨的缩比模型试验.通过对有关试验结果与平流层原型桨的数值模拟和片条理论计算结果的对比分析可看出,三者基本吻合,从而说明地面风洞试验的环境密度大小基本不影响螺旋桨相似性参数,由此得到平流层飞艇螺旋桨可在地面常规密度风洞中按照等Re和等前进比相似准则进行缩比模型试验,而不必为此建立特制的昂贵的低密度环境风洞.同时,实验结果表明,在螺旋桨前进比小于0.3时的情况下,因滑流区侧向收缩大,片条理论计算的无量纲气动性能曲线需要进行侧收缩修正.      

实现结构轻量化的新型平流层飞艇研究进展

平流层飞艇具有极高的实用价值,是国内外临近空间开发的研究热点。和中低空常规飞艇相比,由于单位体积所提供的浮力大大降低,使得平流层飞艇设计时存在艇体体积、阻力和重量之间的循环关系,飞艇结构轻量化成为平流层飞艇研发的首要课题,受到了各国研究机构的高度重视。本文对目前实现平流层飞艇结构轻量化的主要方法和技术进行了整理,给出了利用这些方法实现结构轻量化的平流层飞艇研究进展,比较了这些方法的优势和不足,并对新型的平流层展开飞艇技术进行了分析。分析结果认为改进蒙皮材料性能、改变飞艇的结构形式和利用新型的空中展开飞艇将是平流层飞艇实现结构轻量化的主要手段,新型空中展开飞艇能够有效地实现结构轻量化,具备较好的发展潜力。     

平流层飞艇的控制模式对其定点特性的影响

通过对平流层飞艇定点过程的飞行状态、控制模式和工作环境的分析,建立了飞艇在定点阶段的热力学和动力学模型,并用C++可视化语言对控制方程编程求解。对无黑皮不充放空气和有黑皮充放空气两种不同状况、不同控制模式下的飞艇进行了飞行特性的数值模拟和对比,获得了两种不同状况下飞艇膜、黑皮、内部空气和氦气的温度以及飞艇的高度随时间的变化关系。结果表明:太阳辐射、飞艇的控制模式和太阳能电池阵列对其定点性能有较大影响。     

平流层飞艇定点控制器设计

基于滑模变结构控制对系统干扰及参数变化具有完全的自适应性或不变性,采用一类不确定仿射非线性系统在满足匹配条件下输出解耦变结构控制方法设计了飞艇的定点控制律.仿真结果表明:在系统存在不确定性或外界干扰的情况下,仍可使飞艇稳定在一定的位置,从而实现飞艇的定点控制.     

平流层飞艇总体多目标优化设计与决策

将多目标优化与多属性决策相结合应用于平流层飞艇总体多目标优化中。建立平流层飞艇多目标优化模型,实现优化模型参数化建模,采用多目标进化算法NSGA－Ⅱ得到Pareto最优解集,构成多属性决策矩阵,采用模糊熵权TOPSIS（ M－TOPSIS）法对Pareto非劣解进行排序,获得最佳设计方案。最终结果验证了NSGA－Ⅱ平流层飞艇多目标优化中的有效性。     

Discharges in the Stratosphere and Mesosphere

In the present paper salient features of discharges in the stratosphere and mesosphere (namely sprites, halos, blue starters, blue jets, gigantic jets and elves), are discussed. The electrostatic field due to charge imbalance during lightning processes may lead to stratospheric/mesospheric discharges either through the conventional breakdown based on streamers and leaders or relativistic runaway mechanism. Most (not all) of the observed features of sprites, halos and jets are explained by this processes. Development and evolution of streamers are based on the local transient electrostatic field and available ambient electron density which dictate better probability in favor of positive cloud-to-ground discharges, and thus explains the polarity asymmetry in triggering sprites and streamers. Elves are generated by electromagnetic pulse radiated by return stroke currents of cloud-to-ground/inter-cloud discharges. Generation of the both donut and pancake shape elves are explained. Electrodynamic features of thunderstorms associated with stratospheric/mesospheric discharges are summarized including current and charge moment associated with relevant cloud-to-ground discharges. The hypothesis relating tropospheric generated gravity waves and mesospheric discharges are also discussed. Finally some interesting problems are listed.     

Solar Influences on Dynamical Coupling Between the Stratosphere and Troposphere

We use a simplified atmospheric general circulation model (AGCM) to investigate the response of the lower atmosphere to thermal perturbations in the lower stratosphere. The results show that generic heating of the lower stratosphere tends to weaken the sub-tropical jets and the tropospheric mean meridional circulations. The positions of the jets, and the extent of the Hadley cells, respond to the distribution of the stratospheric heating, with low latitude heating displacing them poleward, and uniform heating displacing them equatorward. The patterns of response to the low latitude heating are similar to those found to be associated with solar variability in previous observational data analysis, and to the effects of varying solar UV radiation in sophisticated AGCMs. In order to investigate the chain of causality involved in converting the stratospheric thermal forcing to a tropospheric climate signal we conduct an experiment which uses an ensemble of model spin-ups to analyse the time development of the response to an applied stratospheric perturbation. We find that the initial effect of the change in static stability at the tropopause is to reduce the eddy momentum flux convergence in this region. This is followed by a vertical transfer of the momentum forcing anomaly by an anomalous mean circulation to the surface, where it is partly balanced by surface stress anomalies. The unbalanced part drives the evolution of the vertically integrated zonal flow. We conclude that solar heating of the stratosphere may produce changes in the circulation of the troposphere even without any direct forcing below the tropopause. We suggest that the impact of the stratospheric changes on wave propagation is key to the mechanisms involved.     

某常规飞艇与混合式飞艇总体设计和性能分析

为了对常规单囊体飞艇和混合式飞艇各自的性能特点有更清晰的认识,分别设计了某常规飞艇和混合式飞艇的总体方案,建立了两类飞艇的分析模型,并从气动特性、浮升特性、重量特性、续航特性方面对二者的综合性能进行了比较和分析。研究表明：在体积相同的情况下,虽然混合式飞艇在阻力特性方面不如单囊体飞艇,但由于混合式飞艇动升力较大,并可以借助动升力来平衡燃油的消耗,且有效载荷大、载油量大、可操纵性好,更有利于长航时飞行。研究结果可为我国开展长航时和大载重飞艇研制提供一定的设计参考。     

飞艇研制及发展

介绍了国内外常规飞艇、组合式飞艇的研制现状,对现代飞艇的主要特点、技术水平及在军民领域中的主要用途进行了分析,并对飞艇发展前景做了预测。     

军用飞艇的发展及关键技术

该文介绍了飞艇的组成及特点,分析了国外飞艇的发展现状和未来趋势,提出了飞艇发展的关键技术.     

飞艇吊舱隐身特性研究

吊舱的雷达散射特性决定了飞艇的隐身性能。为得到最优的设计方案,需要综合计算各种方案吊舱的雷达散射截面值。本文提出了采用多截面曲面对飞艇吊舱数字化建模的原理和通过形状因子描述吊舱脊线的方法,推导出利用物理光学法估算吊舱雷达散射截面的公式并总结了程序流程。通过典型吊舱分析了飞艇的隐身性能,结果表明：采用形状因子对吊舱的数字...     

飞艇连续突风载荷计算方法

基于统计学原理,采用功率谱密度法推导了飞艇遭遇大气紊流时的纵向突风响应计算公式,给出了飞艇连续突风载荷分析准则,介绍了飞艇连续突风载荷分析方法。采用所推导的计算公式对某对流层飞艇进行了纵向突风响应分析,获得了响应量(迎角、俯仰角、俯仰角速度、气动力和气动力矩)的频响函数、突风响应因子和特征频率。根据所得的计算结果,采用飞艇突风载荷分析准则,进行了垂向突风载荷计算,并将突风弯矩的计算结果与经验公式所得的计算结果进行对比分析,结果表明,二者的符合性较好。本方法可作为飞艇突风载荷计算的参考依据,也可用于飞艇突风载荷谱的计算。     

Influence of the Solar Cycle on the General Circulation of the Stratosphere and Upper Troposphere

The record of dynamical structure reveals a systematic variation that operates coherently with the 11-yr variation of UV irradiance. Involving periods shorter than 5 years, the systematic variation reflects the influence of the QBO on the polar-night vortex. It has the same basic structure as interannual changes associated with the residual mean circulation of the stratosphere. A signature of the solar cycle also appears in the direct correlation to solar flux, as recovered through regression of the entire monthly record. That signature, however, is sharply enhanced around solstice, when the residual circulation is active, and during extremal phases of the QBO. In the tropics, the solar signature follows, throughout the year, from a decadal modulation in the frequency of the QBO. The modulation is manifested to either side of the QBO’s mean frequency, in two spectral peaks where the QBO dwells: one at (24 months)⁻¹, reflecting a Biennial Oscillation (BO), and another at (36 months)^-1. Intrinsic to the QBO, those peaks are separated from its mean frequency by ∼11 years⁻¹.Through the QBO’s residual circulation, the decadal modulation introduces anomalies in the subtropics, with symmetry about the equator. Accompanying anomalous temperature in the subtropics is a stronger signature over the winter pole. Discovered by Labitzke and van Loon 1988, that solar signature reflects anomalous downwelling of the Brewer-Dobson circulation. It is shown to follow through the BO, which is intrinsic to the QBO and its modulation of the polar-night vortex.     

高空飞艇的流固耦合数值研究

发展了一套用于研究高空飞艇在来流作用下的流固耦合数值方法.利用经过验证的自编制的有限元程序来求解飞艇的非线性大变形,利用商业软件FLUENT求解飞艇的外流场,通过非动态交替的方法实现飞艇的流固耦合计算.结果表明:飞艇的柔性变形改变了飞艇周围的流场结构,飞艇表面气动载荷分布发生了较大的改变;由于飞艇表面气动载荷的作用,导致了囊体内外压差的变化,进而导致囊体内的应力随之发生了较大的变化.