分段式固体火箭发动机内部流动不稳定性数值分析

采用大涡模拟技术,针对某分段式固体火箭发动机开展了发动机燃面退移0mm,160mm和280mm三个时刻下发动机燃烧室内部流动不稳定现象的数值分析,获得了三个典型时刻燃烧室内压强可能的振荡特性.计算结果表明,在发动机点火初期燃烧室内流动不稳定性主要由表面涡脱落导致;随着燃面的退移,端面限燃层暴露在燃气中,由于端面包覆结构残余的影响,燃烧室内流动不稳定性主要由障碍涡脱落决定,且与点火初期相比,压强振荡的频率逐步减小.     

同轴突扩燃烧室低频不稳定燃烧数值模拟

采用大涡模拟耦合预混燃烧方法,建立了液体冲压发动机不稳定燃烧计算模型。对模型发动机进行了不稳定燃烧数值研究,计算得到的发动机内压强振荡和火焰传播过程与文献中的实验数据吻合较好。结果分析表明,突扩构形发动机内大尺度的旋涡结构支配了燃烧室中的火焰传播过程,旋涡运动耦合非稳态的燃烧热释放是激发燃烧室低频压强振荡的重要原因。     

三维贴体坐标系下燃烧室热态流场的大涡模拟

大涡模拟三维贴体坐标系下环形燃烧室火焰简热态紊流瞬态流场。利用椭圆方程方法生成三维贴体网格，计算中采用k方程亚网格尺度模型估算亚网格紊流粘性；亚网格EBU燃烧模型估算化学反应速率；热通量辐射模型估算辐射通量。并在非交错网格系下采用sIMPLE算法和混合差分格式求解离散方程，利用壁面函数处理固壁边界条件。计算结果与实验结果的比较表明，采用大涡模拟方法能更真实反映环形燃烧室火焰简内紊流化学反应流气流结构和燃烧过程。     

介质温度和工作压强对发动机燃烧室中压强振荡的影响

采用大涡模拟方法研究了介质温度和工作压强对模拟燃烧室中压强振荡的影响,旨在获得相同发动机结构条件下,冷流实验和发动机热试车之间压强振荡的联系,探索采用冷流实验方法研究实际发动机流动稳定性的可能性。研究结果表明对于相同结构的发动机,冷热流之间存在很大程度的一致性,全尺寸发动机的实验数据和数值模拟结果也给予了验证,介质温度决定了压强振荡的频率,工作压强决定了振荡的振幅。     

突扩燃烧室低频压力振荡的大涡模拟

振荡燃烧是冲压发动机研制过程中面临的严峻问题,而振荡燃烧与涡运动规律密切相关,文中用大涡模拟的方法对突扩燃烧室冷态流动条件下的涡运动和低频压力振荡进行了模拟,并在此基础上得出了影响振荡频率和幅值的因素。     

加力燃烧室流场形态与振荡燃烧数值模拟

利用数值方法对发动机加力燃烧室内的流场形态和振荡燃烧进行模拟,获得流场平均参数及涡系结构,观察到燃烧室内火焰稳定器唇口附近剪切涡对选择模型的敏感性,发现火焰稳定器后的涡脱落和回流区的周期性变化是引起加力"蜂鸣"现象和振荡燃烧的重要因素,证明了Rayleigh准则在研究此类问题时的适用性.      

涡脱位置及温度对涡声效应压力振荡影响

为探索涡-声效应对固体火箭发动机中压力振荡特性的影响,基于VKI (Von Karman Institute for Fluid Dynamics)发动机,通过改变挡板位置与燃气温度,对旋涡脱落引起的压力振荡进行了大涡模拟数值研究.耦合分析表明:挡板位于速度波腹附近,压力振荡最为严重;旋涡能量在输运过程中易于被湍流耗散,靠近喷管的二阶速度波腹处旋涡脱落压力振幅明显高于其它位置.解耦分析表明:温度对旋涡脱落频率影响不大,当旋涡脱落频率与声振频率分离后,压力振幅显著下降.     

旋转飞行器固体火箭发动机内涡核流动的数值分析

为分析旋转飞行器固体火箭发动机内涡核流动,采用数值计算的方法对发动机流场进行模拟。计算结果显示发动机的旋转增强了轴向涡核流动,随着涡核的不断延伸,在喷管入口处,由于潜入式喷管结构以及喷喉直径较小,振荡运动随之加强。涡核在流经喷管时的不断增强,在喷管区域形成了非对称的压力形式,并且产生了实际中的扰动侧向力,最终导致了飞行器的章动不稳定性。     

固体火箭发动机涡声耦合特性数值研究

为了揭示固体火箭发动机内涡/声耦合机理,以VKI实验发动机为基础,使用大涡模拟方法,对不同温度下障碍物旋涡脱落诱发的振荡流场开展数值研究,获得了燃烧室内速度分布以及压力振荡的频率和幅值,并和实验数据进行了对比。结果表明,旋涡脱落频率与某阶声振频率相等不是涡/声耦合的必要条件;速度幅值对旋涡脱落频率的影响是主要的;平均马赫数对旋涡脱落频率的影响不大,对压力振幅的影响显著。     

突扩燃烧室低频燃烧不稳定形成机理分析

突扩燃烧室在一定的工作条件下会出现燃烧不稳定现象。采用实验和数值模拟的方法对突扩燃烧室形成低频燃烧不稳定的机理进行了研究。通过实验研究发现突扩燃烧室压强振动过程中纵向振型占主导地位,但其振动频率并不与声学频率一致。建立了适合分析燃烧不稳定的多步化学反应动力学与大涡模拟耦合的数值分析方法,对实验发动机开展了非稳态数值模拟,获得了低频燃烧不稳定形成演化的详细过程和流场结构。实验和数值计算表明突扩截面形成的旋涡脱落,以及旋涡在燃烧室内的运动过程中引起燃烧面积、局部当量比和热释放率的脉动是激发低频压强振动的主要原因。压强振动引起上游速度脉动,进而形成旋涡脱落。大尺度旋涡在燃烧室内的运动又会引起热释放率的大幅度脉动,反过来又会促进压强振动。振动频率是由压强波和旋涡运动特征时间共同决定的。     

有翼高超声速再入飞行器气动设计难点问题

有翼高超声速再入飞行器是近年来的研究热点,气动设计是飞行器设计的关键。为了更清楚地认识有翼高超声速再入飞行器气动设计的难点问题,对有翼高超声速再入飞行器的发展、优势及总体任务剖面进行了介绍,从5个方面详细介绍了该类飞行器气动设计的难点问题,包括多约束复杂面对称气动布局设计、高温真实气体效应对气动特性影响、天地差异与天地换算方法、反作用控制系统(RCS)喷流干扰对气动特性的影响以及气动数据不确定度等,简要阐明了这些难点问题对总体设计的重要性以及初步的解决思路,为有翼高超声速再入飞行器气动设计提供了一些参考。     

Simulation and Analysis of Crashworthiness of Fuel Tank for Helicopters

Crashworthiness requirement of fuel tanks is one of the important requirements in helicopter designs. The relations among the protection frame, textile layer and rubber layer of the fuel tank are introduced. Two appropriate FE models are established, one is for an uncovered helicopter fuel tank without protection frame, and the other is for fuel tank with protection frame. The dynamic responses of the two types of fuel tanks impinging on the ground with velocities of 17.3 m/s are numerically simulated for the purpose of analyzing energy-absorbing capabilities of the textile layer and protection frame. The feasibility of the current crashworthiness design of the fuel tank is examined though comparing the dynamic response behaviors of the two fuel tanks.     

The effect of inlet conditions on the flow and heat transfer in multiple rotating cavity with axial throughflow

This paper discusses experimental results from two different build configurations of a heated multiple rotating cavity test rig.Measurements of heat transfer from the discs and tangential velocities are presented.The test rig is a 70% full scale version of a high pressure compressor stack of an axial gas turbine engine.Of particular interest are the internal cylindrical cavities formed by adjacent discs and the interaction of these with a central axial throughflow of cooling air.Tests were carried out for a range of non-dimensional parameters representative of high pressure compressor internal air system flows(Re up to 5×106 and Rez up to 2×105).Two different builds have been tested.The most significant difference between these two build configurations is the size of the annular gap between the(non-rotating) drive shaft and the bores of the discs.The heat transfer data were obtained from thermocouple measurements of surface temperature and a conduction solution method.The velocity measurements were made using a two component,LDA system.The heat transfer results from the discs show differences between the two builds.This is attributed to the wider annular gap allowing more of the throughflow to penetrate into the cavity.There are also significant differences between the radial distributions of tangential velocity in the two builds of the test rig.For the narrow annular gap,there is an increase of non-dimensional tangential velocity V/Ωr with radial location to solid body rotation V/Ωr=1.For the wider annular gap,the non-dimensional velocities show a decrease with radial location to solid body rotation.      

突破技术趋同，波音再现竞争优势

 波音公司面临着来自空客公司的巨大挑战,企业战略性创新才是公司成功的关键。为此波音公司的全部战略性研究集中在扩大产品的差异性上,体现在3个方面：电子化（e-Enabled）运营环境、整体复合材料机身部件的制造技术和支持波音787客机的全球协同环境（GCE）。     

临近空间飞行器测控与信息传输系统频段选择

 临近空间飞行器是高性能信息化武器平台,测控（TT&;C）与信息传输系统是其信息保障的核心,而选择合理、可行的频段是展开系统设计的前提和基础。频段选择影响到整个技术方案的制定,是一个需综合考虑、影响深远并具有战略意义的关键问题,从国际电联（ITU）国际标准、高速数传、接收信噪比（SNR）、“三抗”、超视距中继、黑障、雨衰以及设备研制成熟度8个方面全面、细致论证了近空间平台测控系统的频段选择问题,最终得出在视距链路中以Ka频段为宜,在超视距链路中以Ku/Ka双频段为宜的结论。     

基于弯曲激波压缩系统的高超声速进气道反设计研究进展

总结了近十年来弯曲激波压缩研究的主要成果。提出了弯曲激波压缩系统的新概念,即利用特殊设计的楔形弯曲压缩面或空间弯曲压缩面,产生一系列与前缘弱激波相互交汇或叠加的压缩波系,从而使前缘激波弯曲,形成特殊的弯曲激波,它与波后的等熵压缩波来共同完成对气流的压缩。在此基础上,实现了由给定出口气动参数的超声速内流道反设计,实现了由给定压缩面压力分布和给定压缩面马赫数分布要求的型面反设计,实现了由给定激波波面的压缩型面反设计。研究证明,弯曲压缩面-弯曲激波压缩系统具有良好的综合气动性能,为高性能高超声速进气系统的气动设计提供了一种全新的设计方法。     

Experimental Study on Effects of Fuel Injection on Scramjet Combustor Performance

In order to investigate the effects of fuel injection distribution on the scramjet combustor performance, there are conducted three sets of test on a hydrocarbon fueled direct-connect scramjet test facility. The results of Test A, whose fuel injection is carried out with injectors located on the top-wall and the bottom-wall, show that the fuel injection with an appropriate close-front and centralized distribution would be of much help to optimize combustor performances. The results of Test B, whose fuel injection is performed at the optimal injection locations found in Test A, with a given equivalence ratio and different injection proportions for each injector, show that this injection mode is of little benefit to improve combustor performances. The results of Test C with a circumferential fuel injection distribution displaies the possibility of ameliorating combustor performance. By analyzing the effects of injection location parameters on combustor performances on the base of the data of Test C, it is clear that the injector location has strong coupled influences on combus- tor performances. In addition, an inner-force synthesis specific impulse is used to reduce the errors caused by the disturbance of fuel supply and working state of air heater while assessing combustor performances.     

(高)超声速流动试验技术及研究进展

近年来,与高速飞行器相关的(高)超声速流动受到了极大的关注。这类流动所具有的非定常性、强梯度和可压缩性对试验方法和风洞设计技术提出了挑战。超声速纳米示踪平面激光散射(NPLS)技术是由作者所在团队研发的非接触光学测试技术。它能够以较高的空间分辨率来揭示超声速三维流场的一个瞬态剖面的时间解析的流动结构。介绍了NPLS技术以及基于NPLS开发的密度场测量、雷诺应力测量和气动光学波前测量等方法,并回顾了这些技术在超声速边界层、超声速混合层、超声速压缩拐角、激波/边界层相互作用和光学头罩绕流等流动中的应用,清晰地再现了边界层、混合层、激波等典型流场结构及其时空演化特性。另外,为了模拟和研究高空大气条件下边界层自然转捩和超声速混合层的转捩特性,介绍了高超声速静风洞、超-超混合层风洞的设计技术以及层流化喷管的设计方法。     

Research on Auto-detection for Remainder Particles of Aerospace Relay Based on Wavelet Analysis

Aerospace relay is one kind of electronic components which is used widely in national defense system and aerospace system. The existence of remainder particles induces the reliability declining, which has become a severe problem in the development of aerospace relay. Traditional particle impact noise detection (PIND) method for remainder detection is ineffective for small particles, due to its low precision and involvement of subjective factors. An auto-detection method for PIND output signals is proposed in this paper, which is based on direct wavelet de-noising (DWD), cross-correlation analysis (CCA) and homo-filtering (HF), the method enhances the affectiv-ity of PIND test about the small particles. In the end, some practical PIND output signals are analysed, and the validity of this new method is proved.