论会计研究的方法

本文首先指出了探讨会计研究方法的现实意义,然后就会计研究方法的客观依据作了论述,在此基础上,作者提出了若干种可资参考的会计研究方法,主要是:哲学方法、经验方法、实证方法、历史方法、逻辑分析方法、比较方法、数学方法、系统科学方法、移植方法和开拓方法等。     

跨音速翼型计算的快速方法

用全速势方程求解绕翼型的跨音速流动时常用的计算方法有:SLOR方法、BGKJ方法(快速直接/SLOR混合方法)、隐式近似因子分解(AF)方法和多重网格法等。本文用其中的两种方法:BGKJ方法和AF2方法,以NACA 0012翼型为例进行了数值实验,比较了这两种方法的收敛速度。计算时,BGKJ方法用现有的计算程序,AF2方法则用最近自己编制的程序。数值实验的结果表明,BGKJ方法较AF2方法收敛速度快。     

飞机总体外形设计系统中的模糊理论

讨论了模糊知识的处理方法-CF方法、主观Bayes方法、隶属函数方法、模糊变换方法等。在飞机总体外形设计系统中采用了这些方法。     

飞机多学科设计优化中的近似方法分析

首先介绍了近似方法中的二次响应面方法、径向基神经网络方法、Kriging方法和增强的径向基函数方法。结合测试函数和某机翼模型为例,分别用这四种方法构造测试函数和某机翼结构和气动学科的近似模型,并总结这四种方法的特点和在对各种模型近似中的适用性。结果表明,Kriging方法和增强的径向基函数方法的近似是非常精确和稳健的。     

轮盘径向破裂转速计算方法分析及修正

分析了轮盘径向破裂转速理论计算方法及常用平均径向应力计算方法的含义及其特点.且依据理论计算方法的含义,提出了基于有限元计算结果的轮盘径向破裂转速计算修正方法.通过实例应用,证明了相对于理论方法计算结果,修正方法较常用平均径向应力方法计算精度更高,其计算精度由6.6%提高到0.5%以内,且修正方法较理论方法使用更方便、工程适用性更强.      

微流体流动中的分子模拟技术

综述了研究微流体流动的几种分子模拟方法:分子动力学方法,直接模拟MonteCarlo方法以及IP方法。主要介绍了各种模拟方法的基本原理、模拟的基本步骤、势函数、有限差分算法以及周期性边界条件。并指出了各种模拟方法的优缺点。     

企业核心竞争力评价方法研究及应用

针对目前有关核心竞争力评价研究的现状，分析了综合评价中主、客观定权方法的优缺点，提出了主客观定权相结合的核心竞争力的组合评价方法。然后，对组合评价方法中主客观评价方法的选择，主客观定权方法中权重的确定方法，主客观权重的结合原则及方法，给出了作者自己的见解。以此方法为基础，选取了17家制造企业，进行了企业核心竞争力的评价。     

民用飞机维修手册验证方法研究

国产民用飞机维修程序存在验证方法不完善的问题,有必要对其验证方法进行研究。根据飞机维修手册技术中的程序类型和程序内容,介绍三种验证方法;在 S1000D 标准提出的书面验证和操作验证方法基础上,结合国产民用飞机的验证实践与总结,提出维修使用验证子方法和维修专项验证子方法,阐述两类子方法的适用范围;提出评估/模拟验证方法及其四类子方法,并进行实例验证。结果表明：本文提出的民用飞机维修手册验证方法有效,对飞机维修手册验证的开展具有参考意义。     

机器学习方法在气动特性建模中的应用

气动数据建模是飞行性能仿真评估的基础。气动特性建模主要有机理建模方法和“黑箱”建模方法。本文对“黑箱”建模的三类机器学习方法——分类与回归树方法、浅层学习方法和深度学习方法,进行了算法说明与分析应用。将分类与回归树方法、浅层学习方法中的Kriging建模方法、RBF神经网络方法及SVM支持向量机方法分别应用于火箭气动特性建模、三角翼大迎角非定常气动特性建模、气动热试验数据融合,对这几类建模方法的优势和不足进行了比较分析。同时,将流动条件参数组成向量,再映射为图像,与翼型图像构成“合成图像”,建立了基于翼型几何图像、来流马赫数、迎角的翼型气动特性深度神经网络模型,得到了比较好的预测效果,拓展了气动特性深度学习建模方法的使用范围。     

应用自由变形法的翼型几何外形参数化研究

对一种新的基于NURBS方法的自由变形参数化方法进行了研究,该方法继承了NURBS方法的优点并避免了其缺点。利用该方法对两副翼型分别进行了参数化和优化设计、反设计,流动控制方程为N-S方程,目标函数梯度计算方法采用了离散共轭方法。算例表明,自由变形参数化方法能够满足设计需要。     

Potentials of manufacture and repair of nickel base turbine components used in aero engines and power plants by laser metal deposition and laser drilling

IntroductionExpensive turbine parts like HPT(HighPressure Turine)blades or vanes are replaced bynew parts in case of damage.For example theburn through of the inner side of a blade or vane(Figure 1)is a frequently appearing damage,which cannot be repaired…     

Abnormal Shape Mould Winding

为解决网格化芯模的缠绕问题,本文提出了复合材料面片缠绕机理;接着详细分析了面片缠绕过程中的芯模凹曲面上纤维滑线和架空现象,应用微分几何曲面理论和空间几何理论,提出判据及其解决方案;最后,针对飞机发动机进气道的缠绕成型,编制缠绕控制程序并进行相应的实验,验证了面片缠绕方法的可行性。     

The effect of inlet conditions on the flow and heat transfer in multiple rotating cavity with axial throughflow

This paper discusses experimental results from two different build configurations of a heated multiple rotating cavity test rig.Measurements of heat transfer from the discs and tangential velocities are presented.The test rig is a 70% full scale version of a high pressure compressor stack of an axial gas turbine engine.Of particular interest are the internal cylindrical cavities formed by adjacent discs and the interaction of these with a central axial throughflow of cooling air.Tests were carried out for a range of non-dimensional parameters representative of high pressure compressor internal air system flows(Re up to 5×106 and Rez up to 2×105).Two different builds have been tested.The most significant difference between these two build configurations is the size of the annular gap between the(non-rotating) drive shaft and the bores of the discs.The heat transfer data were obtained from thermocouple measurements of surface temperature and a conduction solution method.The velocity measurements were made using a two component,LDA system.The heat transfer results from the discs show differences between the two builds.This is attributed to the wider annular gap allowing more of the throughflow to penetrate into the cavity.There are also significant differences between the radial distributions of tangential velocity in the two builds of the test rig.For the narrow annular gap,there is an increase of non-dimensional tangential velocity V/Ωr with radial location to solid body rotation V/Ωr=1.For the wider annular gap,the non-dimensional velocities show a decrease with radial location to solid body rotation.      

Enhancing the efectiveness of film cooling

Advanced gas turbine stages are designed to operate at increasingly higher inlet temperatures to increase thermal efficiency and specific power output.To maintain durability and reasonable life,film cooling is needed in addition to internal cooling,especially for the first stage.Film cooling lowers material temperature by forced convection inside film-cooling holes and by forming a layer of coolant about component surfaces to insulate them from the hot gases.Unfortunately,each cooling jet forms a pair of counter-rotating vortices that entrains hot gas and causes the film-cooling jet to lift off from the surface that it is intended to protect.This paper gives an overview of efforts to enhance the effectiveness of film-cooling.This paper also describes two new design concepts.One design concept seeks to minimize the entrainment of hot gases underneath of film-cooling jets by using flow-aligned blockers.The other design concept shifts the interaction between the approaching hot gas and the cooling jet to occur further above the surface by using an upstream ramp.For both design concepts,computational fluid dynamics results are presented to examine their usefulness in enhancing film-cooling effectiveness.      

Effects of Mo on the Microstructure and Hydrogen Sorption Properties of Ti-Mo Getters

The effects of Mo on the microstructure evolution, porosity and hydrogen sorption properties of Ti-Mo getters are investigated in this work. The results show that the addition of Mo prolongs the densification process of Ti-Mo getters and results in a significant amount of sintered pores. With the Mo content increasing, the porosity of getters firstly increases reaching the maximum value as it at- tains about 7.5wt.%, and then drops. At the room temperature, the hydrogen sorption property of getters increases progressively with the Mo content increasing, but the tendency is not very clear before its content lies below 2.5wt.%. When the Mo content achieves about 7.5wt.%, the hydrogen sorption property proves to be the best. The discussion is made about the above mentioned phenomena inclusive of hydrogen sorption properties of getters under different activation conditions (from 500-750 ℃).     

An SOR Implicit Time-accurate Scheme in Calculating Unsteady Flows

A new time-accurate marching scheme for unsteady flow calculations is proposed in the present work. This method is the combination of classical Successive Over-Relaxation (SOR) iteration method and Jacobian matrix diagonally dominant splitting method of LUSGS. One advantage of this algorithm is the second-order accuracy because of no factorization error. Another advantage is the low computational cost because the Jacobian matrices and fluxes are only calculated once in each physical time step. And, the SOR algorithm has better convergence property than Gauss-Seidel. To investigate its accuracy and convergency, several unsteady flow computa- tional tests are carried out by using the proposed SOR algorithm. Roe’s FDS scheme is used to discritize the inviscid flux terms. Un- steady computational results of SOR are compared with the experiment results and those of Gauss-Seidel. Results reveal that the numerical results agree well with the experimental data and the second-order accuracy can be obtained as the Gauss-Seidel for unsteady flow computations. The impact of SOR factor is investigated for unsteady computations by using different SOR factors in this algorithm to simulate each computational test. Different numbers of inner iterations are needed to converge to the same criterion for different SOR factors and optimal choice of SOR factor can improve the computational efficiency greatly.     

Blockage effect on the flow around a cylinder probe in calibration

Flow around a 2-D cylinder pressure probe placed in uniform flow,free jet flow,and wind tunnel flow was analyzed with potential flow theory and simulated with numerical method.Blockage effect was investigated under several typical flow Mach numbers.The result from numerical simulation shows a similar trend to the one from potential flow method while varies in quantity.Wind tunnel walls accelerate the flow near the probe and thus produce a blockage effect;Boundary of free jet flow,however,decelerates the flow and thus produces a "negative" blockage effect.A maximum incoming Mach number exists when the probe is calibrated in wind tunnel in high subsonic condition due to choking caused by shocks and shock induced separation.The critical Mach number varies with blockage ratio,which makes high Mach number impossible to achieve in large blockage ratio condition.The blockage effect itself is unavoidable for calibration or measurement although a sufficiently small blockage ratio brings minor effect.Correction can be implemented based on the numerical simulation result presented in this paper and further works.      

基于马赫数分布可控曲面外/内锥形基准流场的前体/进气道一体化设计

提出了一种高超声速飞行器乘波前体的外锥形基准流场设计方法,在锥面马赫数分布规律给定的条件下,通过有旋特征线法实现反设计,提高了基准流场设计的灵活性。该基准流场通过锥形"下凹"弯曲激波和波后等熵压缩波系压缩气流,可以在较短的长度内完成高效压缩。基于反正切马赫数分布外锥形基准流场设计的乘波前体具有较高的容积率,乘波特性良好且出口均匀,设计点时有黏升阻比为1.89。另外,基于该乘波前体和马赫数分布可控的内收缩进气道给出了一种双乘波的前体与进气道一体化设计方案,实现了内外流分别独立乘波,充分发挥了乘波前体和内收缩进气道的各自优势。     

Nonlinear Adaptive Slewing Motion Control of Spacecraft Truss Driven by Synchronous V-gimbaled CMG Precession

The slewing motion control of a truss arm driven by a V-gimbaled control-moment-gyro (CMG) is a nonlinear control problem. The V-gimbaled CMG consists of a pair of gyros that must precess synchronously. The moment of inertia of the system, the angular momentum of the gyros and the external disturbances are not exactly known. With the help of feedback linearization and recursive Lyapunov design method, an adaptive nonlinear controller is designed to deal with the unknown items. Performance of the proposed controller is verified by simulation.     

Convergence Analysis of the Numerical Solution for Cathode Design of Aero-engine Blades in Electrochemical Machining

As a main difficult problem encountered in electrochemical machining （ECM）, the cathode design is tackled, at present, with various numerical analysis methods such as finite difference, finite element and boundary element methods. Among them, the finite element method presents more flexibility to deal with the irregularly shaped workpieces. However, it is very difficult to ensure the convergence of finite element numerical approach. This paper proposes an accurate model and a finite element numerical approach of cathode design based on the potential distribution in inter-electrode gap. In order to ensure the convergence of finite element numerical approach and increase the accuracy in cathode design, the cathode shape should be iterated to eliminate the design errors in computational process. Several experiments are conducted to verify the machining accuracy of the designed cathode. The experimental results have proven perfect convergence and good computing accuracy of the proposed finite element numerical approach by the high surface quality and dimensional accuracy of the machined blades.