X-Cor夹层结构的平压模量试验与分析

通过分析X-Cor夹层结构平压模量预测公式的理论计算结果与试验值误差,提出了结构屈曲和Z-pin的长度差异引起的刚度折减的修正模型,并且详细分析X-Cor夹层结构刚度折减的机理;修正后的夹层结构平压模量的理论值与试验值吻合.新的预测公式为X-Cor夹层结构的设计提供依据,进而为X-Cor夹层结构新材料在工程领域的应用奠定了基础.      

X-cor夹层结构的有限元模型

结合有限元模型中对Z-pin的处理方式,提出整体式、组合式以及分离式3种计算模型,分析其适用性及优缺点。在桥联力实验和Z-pin从泡沫拔脱实验研究的基础上,提出分离式有限元模型,引入双弹簧联结单元来揭示Zpin和泡沫及面板之间相互作用的细观机理;其中平行于Z-pin单元接触面的弹簧(刚度)用来模拟计算界面相对滑移和粘接应力,垂直于单元接触面的弹簧(刚度),用于定义层压板、泡沫与Z-pin法向的接触,实现了X-cor夹层结构力学行为和界面失效的有限元仿真计算。     

Z-pin植入参数对X-Cor夹层复合材料力学性能的影响

 X-Cor夹层复合材料是一种新型的Z-pin增强泡沫夹层结构,具有突出的比强度、比刚度。采用热压成型工艺,在不同的Z-pin植入参数下制备了X-Cor夹层复合材料,并对这种结构材料的平压和剪切力学性能进行了研究,考察了植入角度、植入密度、植入方向等参数的影响规律。结果表明,Z-pin植入参数对X-Cor夹层复合材料的平压性能和剪切性能影响显著。X-Cor夹层复合材料平压性能随Z pin植入角度和植入密度的增大而增加,植入角度达到90°时,X-Cor夹层复合材料平压强度及模量最大;剪切性能随Z-pin植入角度的增大而减小,实验范围内,植入角度为45°时,剪切强度和模量最大;同时,X桁架的植入方向对剪切性能也有很大影响,相同Z-pin植入密度下,沿试样长度方向植入的X桁架含量增加时,夹层复合材料的剪切模量增加;X-Cor夹层复合材料的平压性能和剪切性能随Z-pin植入角度的变化规律相反,Z-pin植入角度在60°~70°之间时,X-Cor夹层复合材料平压性能与剪切性能均达到较高值。     

Z-pin增强复合材料开孔层合板压缩性能

针对复合材料开孔层合板孔边应力集中而导致承载能力降低现象,采用Z-pin增强技术提高性能。重点了研究开孔层合板的压缩性能,制备了不同Z-pin植入体积分数的开孔层合板试样并进行了压缩试验,在试验基础上,应用有限元分析方法对Z-pin增强开孔层合板进行建模分析,基于渐进损伤分析法和内聚单元法模拟了复合材料基体以及Z-pin的增强效果。试验结果表明:Z-pin的植入可以显著提高开孔层合板的抗压性能,且随着Z-pin植入体积分数的提高,压缩性能不断上升,压缩强度最高可以提高23.06%;只有沿载荷方向,位于开孔两侧的Z-pin可以提高结构的承载能力;在Z-pin桥联力的作用下,降低了损伤的扩展速度,但并没有改变层合板的最终失效模式。模拟结果表明:压缩损伤从孔边向两侧扩展,位于层合板中心的铺层最先出现损伤,其中第6层与第10层的增强单元最先发生破坏。模拟计算结果与试验结果得到了较好的吻合,该有限元模型对于Z-pin增强复合材料开孔层合板的适用性得到了验证。      

Z-pin增强泡沫夹层结构面压缩性能研究

Z-pin增强泡沫夹层结构作为一种新兴的复合材料夹层结构形式,能够克服传统蜂窝夹层结构的诸多缺陷。采用预浸碳纤维增强Rohacell夹芯,进行Z-pin角度为15°和25°,夹芯厚度分别为12.7mm和8mm两种Z-pin增强泡沫夹层结构的面内压缩性能试验,并与相同批次和尺寸的未增强件进行对比,考察其对传统泡沫夹层结构的增强作用。试验发现X状Z-pin增强能够大幅度提高夹层结构的压缩强度与刚度。同时,增强材料表现出与传统泡沫夹层结构不同的压缩变形与破坏模式。证实Z-pin的弹性屈曲控制着结构的压缩强度,夹芯厚度和Z-pin角度影响Z-pin屈曲的计算长度,从而成为材料压缩强度的控制因数。在此基础上,考虑面板对Z-pin的有限转动约束,通过引进约束修正系数改进现有的压缩强度预测模型,预测值与试验结果更加接近。     

X-cor夹层结构压缩强度模型改进与实验验证

详细阐述了X-cor夹层结构固化工艺过程中残余应力的产生过程,分析结果为碳纤维Z-pin受残余拉应力.考虑工艺过程残余应力的影响,将Z-pin视为弹性基础上梁,提出一种X-cor夹层结构压缩强度改进计算模型,并计算其压缩强度.制作了不同Z-pin密度、直径和角度的X-cor夹层结构实验件用于压缩强度实验.实验值和模型计算值的对比验证了该压缩强度计算模型的正确性.工艺过程中Z-pin所受残余拉应力随Z-pin直径、植入密度增加而增加,随Z-pin植入角度增加而减小.      

X-cor夹层结构低速冲击实验和数值模拟研究

X-cor泡沫夹层结构是一种通过Z-pin技术增强泡沫夹芯的新型高性能夹层结构。在低速冲击下,X-cor夹层结构损伤失效机制复杂,通过在不同能量阶段对X-cor夹层结构失效行为进行分析,讨论Z-pin植入体积分数和泡沫芯材密度对失效行为的影响。低速冲击试样规格为Z-pin直径0.5 mm、植入角度为22°,分别改变泡沫类型和Zpin植入体积分数进行实验,结果表明:6 J冲击能量下,冲击能量主要由面板分层承担,相对于未植入Z-pin试样,随着Z-pin植入体积分数的升高,面板分层面积最多减少了45.1%,而泡沫密度对分层面积影响不大;12 J冲击能量下,部分Z-pin发生失效,通过剩余压缩强度比发现,随着Z-pin植入体积分数的增加,剩余压缩强度比先增大后减小,植入体积分数为0.42%时最高,而此时泡沫密度增加,剩余压缩强度比也随之增加;当能量到达18 J时,芯材开始出现剪切裂纹,同时吸收大部分能量,较弱的芯材剩余压缩强度比大,而Z-pin植入体积分数越大,剩余压缩强度比反而越小。采用数值模拟的方法建立低速冲击模型,并将冲击后的结果直接传递应用于剩余压缩强度模型中,得到的结果比实验值偏高25%~29%。     

X-cor夹层结构的剪切性能

通过X-cor夹层结构与相同材料同尺寸的未增强件和去除泡沫的Z-pin夹层结构进行剪切性能试验对比,考察Z-pin对泡沫夹层结构的增强效果.通过剪切刚度和剪切强度试验值和理论值的对比分析研究,得到了修正后的夹层结构剪切刚度和剪切强度理论计算公式.研究结果表明:夹层结构的剪切性能与剪切刚度折减系数M、表征加载过程中Z-pin开始从面板拔出的时间系数T有关,而系数M,T决定于工艺水平.      

湿热环境下K-cor夹层复合材料的力学性能

K-cor夹层结构是应用Z-pin技术增强的一种新型高性能夹层结构,本文研究了Z-pin不同植入密度对K-cor夹层结构试样吸湿特性的影响规律,在此基础上对不同Z-pin植入参数对试样湿热前后三点弯曲性能和压缩性能的影响规律进行了深入研究。研究结果表明：夹层结构中Z-pin的植入能提高试样的尺寸稳定性,且不会对其吸湿率造成明显影响;Z-pin植入密度的增加能明显提高湿热前后试样三点弯曲强度和压缩强度,且具有较高的强度保持率,Z-pin密度为12 mm×12 mm的K-cor夹层结构湿热处理试样的三点弯曲强度比未湿热处理空白试样的要高11.1%,8 mm×8 mm湿热处理K-cor试样的芯部压缩强度比未湿热处理空白夹层结构试样要高17.5%,体现出K-cor夹层结构优异的抗湿热性能;而Z-pin植入角度的减小能明显提高试样湿热处理前后的压缩强度,0°植入K-cor试样湿热处理后的芯部压缩强度与40°植入K-cor试样未湿热处理的基本相同,但植入角度对三点弯曲强度影响较小。     

复合材料层压板损伤扩展仿真分析

利用有限元法，以Tsai-Wu失效准则为损伤判据，以Hashin分类准则为损伤类型判据，结合特定的几种刚度削减方法，建立了复合材料层压板损伤仿真模型，并利用其对螺栓连接中应用的复合材料层压板在压缩载荷作用下的破坏过程进行了数值模拟，最终得到该层压板的极限承载能力。通过对比刚度完全退化法、刚度部分退化法和刚度细化退化法分析结果与实验数据的差异，表明部分退化法和细化退化法具有较高的计算精度和效率．     

The effect of inlet conditions on the flow and heat transfer in multiple rotating cavity with axial throughflow

This paper discusses experimental results from two different build configurations of a heated multiple rotating cavity test rig.Measurements of heat transfer from the discs and tangential velocities are presented.The test rig is a 70% full scale version of a high pressure compressor stack of an axial gas turbine engine.Of particular interest are the internal cylindrical cavities formed by adjacent discs and the interaction of these with a central axial throughflow of cooling air.Tests were carried out for a range of non-dimensional parameters representative of high pressure compressor internal air system flows(Re up to 5×106 and Rez up to 2×105).Two different builds have been tested.The most significant difference between these two build configurations is the size of the annular gap between the(non-rotating) drive shaft and the bores of the discs.The heat transfer data were obtained from thermocouple measurements of surface temperature and a conduction solution method.The velocity measurements were made using a two component,LDA system.The heat transfer results from the discs show differences between the two builds.This is attributed to the wider annular gap allowing more of the throughflow to penetrate into the cavity.There are also significant differences between the radial distributions of tangential velocity in the two builds of the test rig.For the narrow annular gap,there is an increase of non-dimensional tangential velocity V/Ωr with radial location to solid body rotation V/Ωr=1.For the wider annular gap,the non-dimensional velocities show a decrease with radial location to solid body rotation.      

Research on Auto-detection for Remainder Particles of Aerospace Relay Based on Wavelet Analysis

Aerospace relay is one kind of electronic components which is used widely in national defense system and aerospace system. The existence of remainder particles induces the reliability declining, which has become a severe problem in the development of aerospace relay. Traditional particle impact noise detection (PIND) method for remainder detection is ineffective for small particles, due to its low precision and involvement of subjective factors. An auto-detection method for PIND output signals is proposed in this paper, which is based on direct wavelet de-noising (DWD), cross-correlation analysis (CCA) and homo-filtering (HF), the method enhances the affectiv-ity of PIND test about the small particles. In the end, some practical PIND output signals are analysed, and the validity of this new method is proved.     

Preparation of Highly Dispersed Antimony-doped Tin Oxide Nano-powder via Ion-exchange Hydrolysis of SnCl4 and SbCl3 and Azeotropic Drying

Antimony-doped tin hydroxide colloid precipitates have been synthesized by hydrolysis of SnCl4 and SbCl3 using: (1) an ion-exchange hydrolysis to remove chlorine ions, and (2) isoamyl acetate as an azeotropic solvent to obviate water. The obtained dried powder is of high dispersivity without any need for further grinding. The size and dispersivity of the final particles are investigated with the aid of TG-DTA, BET, XRD and TEM. After having calcined, the antimony-doped tin oxide nanopowder possesses a tetragonal rutile structure with high dispersivity, uniform particles and low hard agglomeration.     

Effects of Mo on the Microstructure and Hydrogen Sorption Properties of Ti-Mo Getters

The effects of Mo on the microstructure evolution, porosity and hydrogen sorption properties of Ti-Mo getters are investigated in this work. The results show that the addition of Mo prolongs the densification process of Ti-Mo getters and results in a significant amount of sintered pores. With the Mo content increasing, the porosity of getters firstly increases reaching the maximum value as it at- tains about 7.5wt.%, and then drops. At the room temperature, the hydrogen sorption property of getters increases progressively with the Mo content increasing, but the tendency is not very clear before its content lies below 2.5wt.%. When the Mo content achieves about 7.5wt.%, the hydrogen sorption property proves to be the best. The discussion is made about the above mentioned phenomena inclusive of hydrogen sorption properties of getters under different activation conditions (from 500-750 ℃).     

超声速燃烧数值模拟中的湍流与化学反应相互作用模型

高精度数值模拟有助于理解超声速湍流燃烧中湍流与化学反应的相互作用,可为发动机燃烧室等工程应用设计提供可靠的预测模型。除直接数值模拟外,目前在湍流燃烧应用中使用的大涡模拟和雷诺平均Navier-Stokes模拟均需要借助模型模化发生在湍流小尺度上的流动与化学反应过程对湍流大尺度运动的影响。现有的湍流与化学反应相互作用模型大致可分为:火焰面类模型和概率密度函数类模型,2类模型在不同的应用中各自具有优势和局限性。此外,现有模型大都基于低马赫数燃烧,而超声速燃烧中通常会伴随快速混合、局部熄火和再着火以及激波等复杂过程,这为发展其中的湍流与化学反应相互作用模型提出了更多的挑战。     

适于低轨卫星IP网络的单核共享树组播算法(英文)

为了解决低轨卫星IP网络中现有典型源组播算法的信道资源浪费问题,本文提出了一套单核共享树组播算法,即核心群合并共享树(CCST)和加权核心群合并共享树(w-CCST)算法。CCST 算法包括动态近似中心(DAC)选核方法和核心群合并组播路径构建方法。DAC方法专为周期、规律运动的低轨卫星网络提出,不需要复杂的星上计算。在核心群合并方法中,以核节点作为初始核心群,通过核心群和剩余组成员的最短路径方法逐步扩展直至整棵组播树构建完成,从而使得组播树的树代价最小,大大提高了网络的带宽利用率和组播传输效率。w-CCST 算法中所提出的加权因子可以调整树代价和端到端传播时延之间的折衷程度,因此,可以通过调整加权因子来适度增大树代价、降低端到端传播时延以支持某些端到端时延要求苛刻的实时组播业务。最后,与低轨卫星 IP 网络中典型算法进行了性能比较,仿真结果说明,CCST 算法的平均树代价比其它算法显著降低,w-CCST 算法的平均端到端传播时延小于 CCST 算法。     

Jet Vectoring Control Using a Novel Synthetic Jet Actuator

A primary air jet vectoring control system with a novel synthetic jet actuator (SJA) is presented and simulated numerically. The results show that, in comparison with an existing traditional synthetic jet actuator, which is able to perform the duty of either “push” or “pull”, one novel synthetic jet actuator can fulfill both “push” and “pull” functions to vector the primary jet by shifting a slide block inside it. Therefore, because the new actuator possesses greater efficiency, it has potentiality to replace the existing one in various appli- cations, such as thrust vectoring and the reduction of thermal signature. Moreover, as the novel actuator can fulfill those functions that the existing one can not, it may well be expected to popularize it into more flow control systems.     

Nonlinear Adaptive Slewing Motion Control of Spacecraft Truss Driven by Synchronous V-gimbaled CMG Precession

The slewing motion control of a truss arm driven by a V-gimbaled control-moment-gyro (CMG) is a nonlinear control problem. The V-gimbaled CMG consists of a pair of gyros that must precess synchronously. The moment of inertia of the system, the angular momentum of the gyros and the external disturbances are not exactly known. With the help of feedback linearization and recursive Lyapunov design method, an adaptive nonlinear controller is designed to deal with the unknown items. Performance of the proposed controller is verified by simulation.     

An SOR Implicit Time-accurate Scheme in Calculating Unsteady Flows

A new time-accurate marching scheme for unsteady flow calculations is proposed in the present work. This method is the combination of classical Successive Over-Relaxation (SOR) iteration method and Jacobian matrix diagonally dominant splitting method of LUSGS. One advantage of this algorithm is the second-order accuracy because of no factorization error. Another advantage is the low computational cost because the Jacobian matrices and fluxes are only calculated once in each physical time step. And, the SOR algorithm has better convergence property than Gauss-Seidel. To investigate its accuracy and convergency, several unsteady flow computa- tional tests are carried out by using the proposed SOR algorithm. Roe’s FDS scheme is used to discritize the inviscid flux terms. Un- steady computational results of SOR are compared with the experiment results and those of Gauss-Seidel. Results reveal that the numerical results agree well with the experimental data and the second-order accuracy can be obtained as the Gauss-Seidel for unsteady flow computations. The impact of SOR factor is investigated for unsteady computations by using different SOR factors in this algorithm to simulate each computational test. Different numbers of inner iterations are needed to converge to the same criterion for different SOR factors and optimal choice of SOR factor can improve the computational efficiency greatly.