VECTRIX AND SOME OF ITS PROPERTIES SUITED TO FLIGHT DYNAMICS

ＶＥＣＴＲＩＸＡＮＤＳＯＭＥＯＦＩＴＳＰＲＯＰＥＲＴＩＥＳＳＵＩＴＥＤＴＯＦＬＩＧＨＴＤＹＮＡＭＩＣＳ￥ＣｈｅｎＷａｎｃｈｕｎ；ＸｉａｏＹｅｌｕｎ（ＳｃｈｏｏｌｏｆＡｓｔｒｏｎａｕｔｉｃｓ，ＢｅｉｊｉｎｇＵｎｉｖｅｒｓｉｔｙｏｆＡｅｒｏｎａｕｔｉｃｓ...     

含湍流可变向微下击暴流的建模

本文建立一个适用于飞行力学研究和飞行员训练的微暴流风切变模型。该模型可模拟以任意方向倾泻的微暴流，其暴核离地高度、暴核直径、暴流强度、暴流倾泻方向、距机场位置等皆为可调参数，使用灵活方便，文中还给出了一种模拟非平衡微暴流湍流的方法，使微暴流模型更趋完善。     

Observability of an integrated GPS/INS during maneuvers

An observability analysis of a GPS/INS system during manoeuvers is presented based upon a perturbation model with respect to the Earth-centered-Earth-fixed (ECEF) coordinate system. Analysis is performed on two types of manoeuvers, linear acceleration and steady turn. These manoeuvers could be used for in-flight INS alignment using GPS. During the constant linear acceleration without rotation relative to the Earth, the linear system model is shown to be time-invariant. The observability analysis for the time invariant linear system model shows that linear acceleration does not change the number of observable modes but rather the structure of the observable space. For a nonconstant linear acceleration or a steady turn, the perturbation linear system becomes time varying. For this time-varying system, three types of observability are considered, complete, differential, and instantaneous observability. Instantaneous observability is the strongest properties and means that the state of the system at any time may be determined instantaneously from observation of the output and its derivatives. Instantaneous observability is important for fast in-flight INS alignment. It is shown that the number of instantaneously observable moded is increased by at least 2 during a maneuver. Hence, some linear combinations of the attitude angles become instantaneously observable.     

机动目标“当前”统计模型与自适应跟踪算法

本文提出机动目标“当前”统计模型的概念并建议用修正的瑞利-马尔科夫过程描述目标随机加速机动的统计特性。文中指出了在机动目标运动模型中状态（机动加速度）估值与状态噪声之间的内在联系。在此基础上提出了具有机动加速度均值及方差自适应的卡尔曼滤波算法。对一维和三维的情形进行了计算机模拟。计算结果表明,在仅对目标位置进行观测的情况下,这类自适应估值算法无论对高度机动或无机动的目标均可绘出较好的位置、速度及加速度估值。     

Investigation of acceleration effects on missile aerodynamics using computational fluid dynamics

In this paper we describe the implementation and validation of arbitrarily moving reference frames in the block-structured CFD-code EURANUS. We also present results from calculations on two applications involving accelerating missiles with generic configurations. It is shown that acceleration affects wave drag significantly. Also, it is shown that strake-generated vortices move significantly in turns. These results clearly show the necessity of including the acceleration effects in the calculations.     

一种变幅载荷下裂纹扩展预测模型

目前关于预测变幅载荷下裂纹扩展模型有几十种。近年来提出的一些改进后的新模型除考虑拉伸超载的“迟滞效应”外,还考虑了压缩载荷的“加速效应”。如Willenborg/Chang,MPYZ等模型。这些模型在一定范围内都能够预测变幅载荷下裂纹扩展。但这些模型目前还都是以线弹性断裂力学为基础,以应力强度因子范围⊿K为描     

四度时空坐标变换的图像及其应用

对四度时空坐标的几何图像给以量化的描述,将洛伦兹变换与坐标的旋转对应起来。并利用此图像中不变量对坐标的投影说明不同惯性参照系之间所表现出的相对论时空特性。     

离心式恒加速度试验系统基本参数研究

通过对离心机加速度方向、加速度数值、速度波纹、加速度梯度等基本参数特性的分析,得出离心机设计、使用及测量等方面的有效方法.以常见的2种100 kg转臂式恒加速度离心试验机SY31-100型与SY31-100A型为例进行比较,分析试品在某一设定加速度试验时,不同的点可能承受的最大和最小加速度,得出减少试验样品上各点试验加速度误差的处理方式.     

旋转惯导中加速度计尺寸效应误差分析及补偿

 对旋转调制惯导转位过程中系统精度受加速度计尺寸效应影响的问题进行了研究。通过分析尺寸效应引起惯导系统(INS)导航误差的机理,推导了尺寸效应作用下加速度测量误差与速度误差的解析表达式。根据理论分析结果,分别给出了以速度误差和加速度误差作为观测量进行尺寸参数辨识的方法,并进行了必要讨论。结合旋转惯导转位过程中的速度误差特征,选取加速度测量误差为观测量对尺寸参数进行试验标定,尺寸参数辨识精度优于1.29 mm(1σ)。在此基础上给出了尺寸效应误差补偿方法,并在不同初始方位下对补偿效果进行试验验证,结果表明,通过尺寸效应补偿可以有效提高旋转惯导转位过程中的速度精度。     

机动多目标跟踪问题中关联区域的研究

 本文研究了跟踪多个机动目标时,由滤波算法所获得的新息向量范数的统计性质,关联区域的大小以及接收正确回波的概率。借助拉蒙特卡洛方法,考察了不同的目标状态模型、目标机动加速度及状态噪声方差等因素对所研究的问题的影响。研究表明,文献[1]所提出的机动目标状态模型及相应的自适应算法具有较好的适应目标机动的能力,关联区域的大小及接收正确回波的概率均较为稳定。     

具有二阶环节的导弹最优导引律

本文研究了具有二阶环节的导弹其对目标的最优导引律。利用极小值原理分别研究了1)脱靶量为零、最小控制能量指标的最优导引律;2)终态为零控拦截曲面、最小能量指标的最优导引律。最后得出了与具有一阶延迟环导弹所得结果类似,但计算工作量更大,结果应更准确。     

逼近无控旋转目标航天器的混合势函数安全制导

研究了追踪航天器逼近无控旋转目标航天器的安全制导问题，逼近过程中，追踪航天器需要躲避空间中的障碍物，同时需要避免与目标航天器的太阳能电池帆板和天线等附件发生碰撞。建立了视线坐标系下的两航天器间的相对运动方程，采用四元数描述目标航天器的姿态运动。将参考位置设为引力源，设计了吸引势函数。针对安全逼近问题，建立了球面安全区和锥面安全走廊，设计了安全势函数。将障碍物假设为具有一定半径的球体，设计了障碍物势函数。吸引势函数、安全势函数和障碍物势函数一起组成了混合势函数。为了解决整个势场中除参考位置外还可能存在其他局部极小点问题，对混合势函数进行了修正，保证参考位置位于混合势函数的最低点。利用Lyapunov稳定性理论对混合势函数进行了稳定性分析，推得符合要求的控制加速度，使追踪航天器沿着混合势函数的负梯度方向逼近无控旋转目标航天器。最后通过数值仿真验证了该方法的有效性。     

基于精密单点定位的航空重力仪运动加速度估计

本文针对航空重力测量中利用单基准站差分GNSS方法估计载体加速度的局限性,提出了两种基于PPP的载体加速度高精度估计方法—位置差分法和相位差分法。在详细推导了两种估计方法解算方程的基础上,研究总结了方法各自的特点与优势,最后通过实验分析了卫星导航误差源对两种方法的影响。实验研究表明,相位差分法在抑制低阶误差方面更具优势;-2~+2周的整周模糊度解算偏差对位置差分法的加速度估计结果在滤波后产生近10mGal的影响;在数据采样间隔为1s时,1周的周跳对相位差分法的加速度估计结果产生数千mGal的误差。研究结果能为航空重力测量中利用PPP高精度估计重力仪加速度提供一定的理论指导,尤其对难以建站的测区的重力测量具有重大意义。     

Ideal proportional navigation for exoatmospheric interception

Ideal proportional navigation (IPN) is a natural choice for exoatmospheric interception for its mighty capture capability and ease of implementation. The closed-form solution of two- dimensional ideal proportional navigation was conducted in previous public literature, whereas the practical interception happens in the three-dimensional space. A novel set of relative dynamic equations is adopted in this paper, which is with the advantage of decoupling relative motion in the instantaneous rotation plane of the line of sight from the rotation of this plane. The dimension-reduced IPN is constructed in this instantaneous plane, which functions as a three-dimensional guidance law. The trajectory features of dimension-reduced IPN are explored, and the capture regions of dimension-reduced IPN with limited acceleration against nonmaneuvering and maneuvering targets are analyzed by using phase plane method. It is proved that the capture capability of IPN is much stronger than true proportional navigation (TPN), no matter the target maneuvers or not. Finally, simulation results indicate that IPN is more effective than TPN in exoatmospheric interception scenarios.     

TWO－LEVEL MULTI－POINT APPROXIMATION METHOD FOR OPTIMUM DESIGN OF COMPLICATED STRUCTURES

ＴＷＯ－ＬＥＶＥＬＭＵＬＴＩ－ＰＯＩＮＴＡＰＰＲＯＸＩＭＡＴＩＯＮＭＥＴＨＯＤＦＯＲＯＰＴＩＭＵＭＤＥＳＩＧＮＯＦＣＯＭＰＬＩＣＡＴＥＤＳＴＲＵＣＴＵＲＥＳＨｕａｎｇＨａｉ；ＸｉａＲｅｎｗｅｉ（ＳｃｈｏｏｌｏｆＳｐａｃｅＳｃｉｅｎｃｅａｎｄＴｅｃｈｎ...     

Validation of numerical prediction of dynamic derivatives: The DLR-F12 and the Transcruiser test cases

The dynamic derivatives are widely used in linear aerodynamic models in order to determine the flying qualities of an aircraft: the ability to predict them reliably, quickly and sufficiently early in the design process is vital in order to avoid late and costly component redesigns. This paper describes experimental and computational research dealing with the determination of dynamic derivatives carried out within the FP6 European project SimSAC. Numerical and experimental results are compared for two aircraft configurations: a generic civil transport aircraft, wing-fuselage-tail configuration called the DLR-F12 and a generic Transonic CRuiser, which is a canard configuration. Static and dynamic wind tunnel tests have been carried out for both configurations and are briefly described within this paper. The data generated for both the DLR-F12 and TCR configurations include force and pressure coefficients obtained during small amplitude pitch, roll and yaw oscillations while the data for the TCR configuration also include large amplitude oscillations, in order to investigate the dynamic effects on nonlinear aerodynamic characteristics. In addition, dynamic derivatives have been determined for both configurations with a large panel of tools, from linear aerodynamic (Vortex Lattice Methods) to CFD. This work confirms that an increase in fidelity level enables the dynamic derivatives to be calculated more accurately. Linear aerodynamics tools are shown to give satisfactory results but are very sensitive to the geometry/mesh input data. Although all the quasi-steady CFD approaches give comparable results (robustness) for steady dynamic derivatives, they do not allow the prediction of unsteady components for the dynamic derivatives (angular derivatives with respect to time): this can be done with either a fully unsteady approach i.e. with a time-marching scheme or with frequency domain solvers, both of which provide comparable results for the DLR-F12 test case. As far as the canard configuration is concerned, strong limitations for the linear aerodynamic tools are observed. A key aspect of this work are the acceleration techniques developed for CFD methods, which allow the computational time to be dramatically reduced while providing comparable results.     

机动目标的模型与跟踪算法

 <正> 在机动目标的“当前”统计模型中,目标的加速度被描述为修正的瑞利—马尔科夫过程,对应的自适应跟踪算法呈现出较好的跟踪特性。文献[2]研究了该模型及其自适应算法在实际的机载雷达跟踪系统的应用;文献[3]进一步推广了基于“当前”模型的MPDAF算法。本文提出一个新的机动目标模型,即假定目标加速度为一高斯—马尔     

某飞机平尾振动特性研究

某飞机全动平尾的旋转频率是影响颤振特性的重要参数之一。飞机首次共振试验测量的平尾旋转频率偏低,不满足设计要求,因而成为影响试飞的一个难题。本文概述了非线性因素对平尾振动特性的影响以及为解决这一准题所采取的措施。     

一种计算非定常二维流动的无网格算法

主要目的是发展一套求解非定常流动的无网格算法。计算区域的离散方面,提出了一种按区域进行填充布点的点云自动生成方法;发展了一种点云的运动技术来实现离散点云对物面边界的随体运动;在点云离散的基础上,采用最小二乘法求解矛盾方程的方法来求取空间导数,进而获得数值通量;采用双时间方法进行时间离散推进,其中物理时间迭代采用二阶隐式格式,伪时间迭代采用四步龙格一库塔显式格式,为了加速收敛,在伪时间迭代中采用了当地时间步长和隐式残值光顺等加速收敛措施。最后,利用本文算法模拟了NACA0012翼型和NACA64A010翼型的跨音速非定常流动,并将计算结果与实验测量结果进行了对比分析,验证了上述方法的正确性和实用性。     

导弹协同作战飞行时间裕度

 基于导弹协同作战任务规划系统进行合理任务分配的需求,研究了导弹可以修正控制飞行时间的裕度。根据导弹-目标在视线坐标系和角动量坐标系下的运动关系,得出了导弹相对于目标的加速度,并基于此给出了导弹剩余飞行时间的估算方法;当前时刻导弹剩余飞行时间的估算值与已经飞行的时间以及任务规划系统指定的期望到达时间构成时间反馈作用,用于修正控制导弹到达目标的最终飞行时间。由于真比例导引律在工程实现和解析运算中具有一定的优势,选择在真比例制导加速度的视线方向施加时间反馈控制作用,进而得出了基于真比例导引律的导弹协同作战飞行时间控制导引律;最后重点研究了在该时间控制导引律的作用下,存在导弹的飞行速度限制以及弹目相对运动约束时,导弹飞行过程中任一时刻对应解析形式的可控飞行时间的裕度。仿真结果表明,本文的设计合理可行,对于多弹协同作战的实现具有重要意义。