月球遥感立体测绘技术的发展

对国外月球探测测绘历程进行了调研总结，并针对立体观测、干涉雷达测量、扫描激光测绘等3种主要的测绘方案进行分析比较，继而提出适合中国月球探测目标的三维遥感测绘成像技术途径。关键词月球探测三维立体成像测绘研究     

月球测图技术发展及其关键技术分析

首先针对国外有关测绘技术和方案,对国际月球探测测绘历程进行概括总结,并针对CCD立体观测、干涉雷达测量、扫描激光测绘等3种主要的测绘方案进行分析比较,继而提出适合我国月球探测目标的三维遥感测绘成像技术途径,并对月球探测器三维遥感数据的信息成像模型进行了分析和阐述,对数据表示、处理和存储进行论述;建议“采用组合CCD相机和成像光谱仪的月球三维遥感”作为我国环月遥感立体测绘的首选方案。     

月球测图技术发展及其关键技术分析

对国外月球探测测图历程进行了调研总结,并针对组合 CCD 相机和成像光谱仪的立体观测、星载激光测绘、星载雷达(SAR)和干涉雷达(InSAR)测绘等关键技术进行分析研究。     

LRO和LCROSS探月计划：科学探测的分析与启示

简要阐述了美国的月球勘测轨道器（LRO）和月球坑观测与遥感卫星（LCROSS）两个月球探测器的任务概况,并重点分析了其科学目标、有效载荷与探测任务,总结了LRO和LCROSS的初步探测成果,提出了对未来月球探测的几点启示：①月球南极是探月竞争的战略制高点;②高分辨地形测绘是探月重点;③月球上的水是热点科学问题;④月面环...     

重返月球

自美国阿波罗载人登月计划对月球20％的表面进行物理特征测绘后,随着火星观测计划的成功,美国航宇局（NASA）产生了希望对月球其余80％表面的物理特征进行测绘的想法。 借助火星观测计划,NASA可以重温旧梦,即建造两艘宇宙飞船,分别对火星和月球进行探测。若是预定1992年发射的第一颗火星观测宇宙飞船成功了,     

月球大范围探测巡视器及GNC技术发展综述

对月球大范围探测巡视器及相应制导、导航与控制(GNC)技术进行了综述。首先对月球大范围巡视探测需求进行分析,介绍了世界各国主要的月球大范围巡视器计划研究进展;其次针对月球大范围探测GNC技术研究现状进行了归纳整理,简要分析了进行月球大范围探测任务现存技术难点;最后为实现更加完备高效的月面大范围探测提出了月球大范围探测网构建设想,并分析了其构建目的、意义及关键技术。     

月球测绘学分类及应用展望

根据月球测绘的研究现状及发展趋势,对月球测绘学的概念进行了溯源与拓展。在分析月球测绘学与地球测绘学主要差异基础上,从传统测绘学科分类角度出发,综合考虑月球测绘学特殊性,重新梳理出月球测绘学主要学科专业分类,并详细介绍了每个学科专业的定义及国内外研究现状,给出了月球测绘学的五个主要应用领域及其应用展望。我国应尽早开展月球测绘理论与技术研究,形成完整的月球测绘学科体系,能够有力地促进我国空间科学技术的发展,保障后续探月工程的顺利实施。     

知识资料窗

空间探测器空间探测器就是对月球和月球以远的天体和空间进行探测的无人航天器，又称深空探测器。空间探测器包括月球探测器、行星和行星际探测器。空间探测器是深空探测的主要工具。深空探测主要包括月球探测、行星探测和行星际探测。探测的主要目的是：了解太阳系的起源...     

月球水冰赋存形态分析及原位探测展望

月球上是否存在水冰一直是月球探测的热点问题。文章分析了20世纪90年代以来国外数次月球遥感探测任务获取的基于雷达、中子探测仪和光谱仪的水冰探测数据。结果表明,月球上很可能存在水冰,特别是在极区的永久阴影区内,水冰可能局部分散式地分布在表层至米量级深度的范围内。但现有的遥感探测结果各有其局限性,未来需开展着陆探测任务对月球水冰进行直接证认。文章对此进行展望,并指出原位探测面临的若干工程问题。     

月球表面水冰探测进展

月球水冰探测对未来载人月球探测以及构建月球基地意义重大。在继＂克莱门汀＂（Clementine）、＂月球勘探者＂（Lunar Prospector）和＂智能一号＂（SMART-1）等月球探测器的探测后,美国的＂月球勘测轨道器＂（LRO）和＂月球环形山观测与遥感卫星＂（LCROSS）实施了月球极区永久阴影区撞击和观测,初步验证了水冰资源的存在。文章通过系统分析月球水冰的重要性、可能来源、探测历程和探测手段,初步提出我国开展月球水冰探测的载荷初步配置。     

Lunar settlements--a socio-economic outlook.

The primary ingredient in a Lunar Settlement Program is the people. At the very high cost that will be required to transport, maintain and supply the people who will staff the Lunar operation, it is important to do everything possible to ensure their continued effectiveness in such an isolated, confined, and barren environment. This paper will attempt to identify the issues involved in providing for effective human performance in Lunar Settlements. The approach to be used will be contextual, and thus will not only examine the facets of the Lunar Settlement itself, but will also look at the organizational elements and the design and development processes used in project management from the point of view of long term success and cost effectiveness. The approach will also attempt to look at the Lunar Settlement "in time" as it is connected to events and experiences as they will evolve from the Space Station to Lunar Settlements. Finally, the approach will be contextual in the range of disciplines considered and their impact on planning, evolution, and activities in the entire process of Lunar Settlement. We will hope that Lunar settlers will be able to work and live as effective team members, and to make that possible, the designers, developers, builders, and managers must also function as a coherent team working together to bring about a common goal.     

Lunar base development missions

On 20 July 1969, humankind first set foot on our Moon. Since then we have developed the Space Shuttle, explored most of the planets, cooperated in the development of the International Space Station, and expanded our knowledge of the universe through use of systems such as the Hubble Space Telescope and the Mars Pathfinder. After just five human follow-on missions to our Moon, we have returned robotically only twice to orbit, to map the surface and explore for resources.

The indication of the presence of hydrogen concentration at the poles of our Moon found by Lunar Prospector has added a new perspective for groups studying and implementing future lunar missions. Plans for nearterm missions such as the European Space Agency (ESA) “Euromoon 2000”, the Japanese Lunar A and Selene, and the Mitsubishi ”Earthrise 2001” Project, along with follow-on phases to the Lunar Prospector, are the beginning of humankind's return to the Moon. Organizations such as the International Academy of Astronautics have long championed the “Case for an International Lunar Base,” and a vision of a commercially-based lunar program has been outlined by several groups. A Lunar Economic Development Authority (LEDA) promoted by the United Society in Space was promulgated by the filing of articles of incorporation in the state of Colorado on 4 August 1997. This non-profit corporation has as its goal the orderly development of the Moon, through issuance of bonds to international private citizens and business entities who care to invest in its long-term development.

This paper draws from the works of the aforementioned, and specifically from the International Academy of Astronautics Lunar Base Committee, to structure a series of architectures leading toward eventual international commercial colonization of the lunar surface. While the prospect of fully reusable transportation systems utilizing fully developed lunar resources to perpetuate the permanent lunar infrastructure is enticing, this is a goal. We must utilize our current and near-term capabilities to re-initiate human lunar presence, and then build on emerging technologies to strengthen our capabilities. Humankind's return to the Moon is a part of our destiny. We can return in the near future, and then proceed to a commercial, permanent settlement in the 21st century.     

月球探测中通信跟踪(C&T)技术遇到的新问题

以技术成熟的GEO以下近地轨道的C&T技术为参照点,提出月球探测遇到的新问题———长时间、远距离地月转移轨道测量、环月轨道段测量和月面登陆段测量中的新问题,给出解决这些问题的合理方法。     

月球探测工程中的月球环境问题

文章介绍了月球环境和国外两个典型月球探测器的环境试验。在月球环境对探测器的影响分析基础上,根据我国月球探测工程的需求,提出了有关环境问题研究的一些考虑。     

基于SVM和"嫦娥一号"数据的月球表面亮温分布

月球表面的微波辐射亮度温度分布与月表物质的物理化学和地理分布特性密切相关.为了分析月球表面微波辐射亮温的分布特点,利用支持向量机(SVM)方法对嫦娥一号(CE-1)绕月卫星搭载的微波辐射计获得的2C级亮温数据建立回归分析模型,并利用粒子群算法优化SVM回归模型,建立了月球表面不同地理位置的4个频率通道(3GHz,7.8GHz,19.35GHz,37GHz)的微波辐射亮温与时间的关系,获得了这4个频率的微波辐射亮温在月表很窄时间段的全球分布,因而显示出了更多的细节特征.最后对这些特征进行了描述并对影响月球表面亮温的因素进行了讨论.     

Lunar Base 2015 Stage 1

This paper is a design study for a modular Lunar Base built of at least six cylindrical modules. For launching an ARIANE-Rocket with a payload of 12 ton can be used.To land the modules on the moon the author has designed a Teleoperated Rocket Crane, which is assembled in the Lunar Orbit. The modules are made of aluminium sheets, using a double-shell structure to protect a crew of eight astronauts from radiation, micrometeorites, heat and low temperatures during the lunar night.Lunar material (regolith) is used for shielding.     

月球探测器软着陆机构展开动力学仿真分析

可展开的软着陆机构是月球探测器的重要组成部分。以带间隙的多体系统动力学理论 为基础,针对一型采用四支撑悬臂式软着陆机构的月球探测器在ADAMS中建立了虚拟样机模 型,分别就主着陆腿系统结构柔性,主着陆腿与基体连接间隙,展开驱动力及探测器自旋等 因素对软着陆机构展开过程的影响进行了仿真分析。结果表明,在机构展开锁定瞬间由于结 构柔性会产生难以衰减的振动,而间隙在一定程度上有利于该振动衰减。展开驱动力越大, 展开越快,锁定激振振幅越大,但由展开进入稳定状态所需总时间可更短。探测器自旋则有 助于机构的展开,但自旋速度较高时对结构振动有明显影响。该结果可为软着陆机构展开方 案的设计提供帮助。
     

Self-propagating high-temperature reactions for the fabrication of Lunar and Martian physical assets

The development of a new process potentially useful for future manned Lunar and/or Martian space missions in the framework of the so-called ISRU (In-Situ Resource Utilization) and ISFR (In-Situ Fabrication and Repair) concepts is described and discussed in this work. This process involves the fabrication of physical assets by self-propagating high temperature synthesis (SHS) for construction applications in Lunar and Martian environments starting from different Lunar or Martian regolith simulants and aluminum, as reducing agent. In addition, although Moon and Mars already contain ilmenite (FeTiO₃) and iron oxides, respectively, the latter ones are also added to the initial mixtures to promote suitable SHS reactions. A complete scheme for the fabrication of physical assets to be used as protection against solar rays, solar wind and meteoroids, where all required stages are indicated, is finally proposed in the framework of a recently filed patent.