螺旋桨飞机起飞构型突风影响研究

对于小迎角纵向静不稳定飞机,突风给飞机带来显著的安全隐患,为此,结合飞行品质规范中的突风模型,给出不同概率和不同高度下的突风速度。针对某螺旋桨飞机,计算分析垂直向上和向下突风所引起的飞机迎角变化,获得了起飞状态下可行的飞行速度和高度范围。研究结果表明,垂直向下突风显著地削弱了该类飞机的纵向静稳定性;垂直向上突风显著地减小了其安全迎角裕度。     

基于相平面法的结冰飞机纵向非线性稳定域分析

结冰是威胁飞机飞行安全的重要因素之一,研究结冰后飞机稳定性及稳定域范围对飞机操纵安全和飞行安全极其重要。由于结冰后大飞机失速迎角提前,仅仅研究小迎角线性阶段的飞行稳定性显然不能满足要求。首先根据飞机迎角和升力曲线非线性关系建立了结冰条件下大迎角阶段飞机纵向非线性系统模型,然后通过相平面法刻画了迎角和俯仰角速度构成的不同飞行状态下飞机的纵向运动的稳定域,并探讨了迎角和俯仰角速度对纵向稳定性的影响规律,最后针对稳定域内外的不同初始状态,进行了零输入响应时域仿真,验证了相平面法确定的稳定域的有效性和准确性。研究结果可为飞机结冰后的稳定边界确定和边界保护提供一定的参考。     

具有过失速机动能力的不稳定飞机大迎角下俯力矩研究

现代歼击机一般都是纵向不稳定的且有过失速机动能力的飞机。静不稳定飞机作过失速机动的前提是在大迎角时具有足够的、可操纵的下俯力矩。本文结合近年来国外陆续发表的几项判别准则和我国的歼击机先进气动布局研究成果,论述所需下俯力矩大小及在飞机布局上实现的可能性。文中引用的曲线来自具有超音速巡航、高机动能力、隐身、双发、双立尾的三种布局方案的风洞试验结果。三种布局形式即:正常式,鸭式,三翼面布局。     

纵向静不稳定对飞翼起飞性能的改善研究

按照纵向静不稳定配平原则设计了一个飞翼的总体方案,通过CFD计算得到了相关气动数据.采用数值方法仿真了纵向静不稳定飞翼在两种滑跑抬头状态的起飞离地过程.分析了升降副翼向下偏转时刻对于抬头时间和剩余抬头角速度的影响,给出了迎角、抬头角速度、力矩等参数随时间的变化曲线,最后分析了起飞过程所需要的滑跑距离.研究结果表明,纵向静不稳定飞翼能够达到与常规飞机相同的起飞速度和起飞滑跑距离指标.     

弹性飞机纵向稳定性分析

本文讨论弹性飞机的纵向稳定性问题。包括带与不带飞行控制系统两种情况。文中通过算例,分析讨论弹性飞机的总体运动模态和弹性运动振型之间的藕合以及弹性飞机本身和飞行控制系统之间的耦合。分析与计算表明,带有飞行的控制系统的飞机,其结构弹性变形运动对纵向稳定性的影响,即使对于算例中的“小”飞机,也是不可忽视的。飞机的弹性影响,不但会降低飞机的飞行品质,有时还会引起飞机与系统之间的耦合不稳定。     

纵向大迎角飞行品质对参数的灵敏度分析

采用等效系统,频域,时域等多种飞行品质评价方法和准则。根据数据计算结果分析了放宽带稳定的电传操纵飞机从小迎角到失速前大迎角纵短周期飞行品质对于气动及惯性参数变化的灵敏度。结果表明,飞行品质对操纵导数及惯矩的变化最灵敏,对升力线斜率变化呈一定的灵敏度,而对其它参数变化则不太灵敏,灵敏度具有体量值测随角而不同。     

飞翼布局飞机起降阶段纵向大迎角气动增稳研究

针对某中等展弦比高速飞翼布局飞机,利用CFD计算方法,研究了一套新型舵面组合对飞机起降任务阶段纵向气动力特性的影响,并对该飞翼布局飞机不同舵面组合进行了数值模拟.仿真结果表明,采用该舵面组合在飞机的起降阶段可以有效改善其纵向气动力特性和操稳特性.     

无尾布局嵌入式舵面的大迎角纵向操纵能力研究

 针对某前掠翼翼身融合无尾布局由鸭面与尾舵组成的纵向基本控制舵面在大迎角状态操纵效率降低的问题,采用数值模拟方法研究一种机身下表面嵌入式新概念纵向操纵舵面实施大迎角纵向操纵补充的可行性。提出了嵌入式舵面的设计思想,研究了嵌入式舵面高度、偏度及其与尾舵组合时的相对位置等参数影响,提出了嵌入式舵面的设计原则、流动机理以及提供低头力矩增量的作用原理。研究结果表明:嵌入式舵面是无尾布局飞机大迎角纵向操纵的高效补充措施,单独使用,最大可提供约平衡10°迎角的低头操纵力矩,并对升阻特性影响很小;与尾舵组合使用,在研究迎角范围内(迎角α≤32°),可提供约6°迎角的低头平衡力矩增量,且对升阻性能产生有利影响。本文工作可为其他翼身融合无尾布局的气动舵面设计提供借鉴。     

小展弦比飞机的大迎角涡流计算

讨论用J-K模型计算小展弦比飞机的涡流场问题,讨论湍流模型和计算网格的关系.通过对几个模型的数值计算,讨论J-K湍流模型在复杂流场中的应用和发展.     

小展弦比飞翼大迎角状态空间气动力建模

现代军机大迎角区域性能对空中作战优势的建立有着重要影响,针对大迎角区域建立合适的数学模型对于飞行仿真、稳定性分析和控制律设计都有着重要作用,并且对于解决飞行安全问题和研究飞机失速和尾旋问题具有重要意义。针对小展弦比飞翼标模的迟滞特性,对状态空间模型进行改进,应用大振幅强迫振荡试验数据建立了非定常气动力模型,采用风洞典型机动模拟试验验证状态空间模型的有效性和适用性。结果表明：本文发展并改进的状态空间模型能够准确预测小展弦比飞翼标模不同机动下的非定常气动力特性,具有较强的工程实用性。     

鸭式飞机矢量喷流对大迎角气动特性的影响

针对单发鸭式布局飞机,通过低速风洞试验,研究了矢量喷流对飞机大迎角气动力的影响特性。研究结果表明：发动机喷口直径变大使得飞机大迎角升力和阻力系数增加,并产生低头力矩系数。喷流使得飞机大迎角升力和阻力系数明显增加,并产生低头力矩系数;大喷口状态喷流影响比小喷口状态高50%左右。发动机喷管上/下偏转时,矢量喷流对飞机上下表面气流诱导不对称,喷管上偏减小升力和阻力系数、产生抬头力矩系数,喷管下偏增加升力和阻力系数、产生低头力矩系数,且喷管下偏影响明显比上偏大。在此基础上,基于数值模拟结果对喷流与飞机主流的相互作用机理进行了分析。     

Bifurcation analysis and stability design for aircraft longitudinal motion with high angle of attack

Bifurcation analysis and stability design for aircraft longitudinal motion are investigated when the nonlinearity in flight dynamics takes place severely at high angle of attack regime. To predict the special nonlinear flight phenomena, bifurcation theory and continuation method are employed to systematically analyze the nonlinear motions. With the refinement of the flight dynamics for F-8 Crusader longitudinal motion, a framework is derived to identify the stationary bifurcation and dynamic bifurcation for high-dimensional system. Case study shows that the F-8longitudinal motion undergoes saddle node bifurcation, Hopf bifurcation, Zero-Hopf bifurcation and branch point bifurcation under certain conditions. Moreover, the Hopf bifurcation renders series of multiple frequency pitch oscillation phenomena, which deteriorate the flight control stability severely. To relieve the adverse effects of these phenomena, a stabilization control based on gain scheduling and polynomial fitting for F-8 longitudinal motion is presented to enlarge the flight envelope. Simulation results validate the effectiveness of the proposed scheme.     

Minimizing airfoil drag at low angles of attack with DBD-based turbulent drag reduction methods

Dielectric Barrier Discharge (DBD) based turbulent drag reduction methods are used to reduce the total drag on a NACA 0012 airfoil at low angels of attack. The interaction of DBD with turbulent boundary layer was investigated, based on which the drag reduction experiments were conducted. The results show that unidirectional steady discharge is more effective than oscillating discharge in terms of drag reduction, while steady impinging discharge fails to finish the mission (i.e. drag increase). In the best scenario, a maximum relative drag reduction as high as 64 % is achieved at the freestream velocity of 5 m/s, and a drag reduction of 13.7 % keeps existing at the freestream velocity of 20 m/s. For unidirectional discharge, the jet velocity ratio and the dimensionless actuator spacing are the two key parameters affecting the effectiveness. The drag reduction magnitude varies inversely with the dimensionless spacing, and a threshold value of the dimensionless actuator spacing of 540 (approximately five times of the low-speed streak spacing) exists, above which the drag increases. When the jet velocity ratio smaller than 0.05, marginal drag variation is observed. In contrast, when the jet velocity ratio larger than 0.05, the experimental data bifurcates, one into the drag increase zone and the other into the drag reduction zone, depending on the value of dimensionless actuator spacing. In both zones, the drag variation magnitude increases with the jet velocity ratio. The total drag reduction can be divided into the reduction in pressure drag and turbulent friction drag, as well as the increase in friction drag brought by transition promotion. The reduction in turbulent friction drag plays an important role in the total drag reduction.     

机头颗粒微扰动对战斗机大迎角航向气动特性的影响研究(英文)

本文重点介绍了在机头周向角±45°处的颗粒微扰动对战斗机大迎角航向气动特性的影响进行了数值模拟研究。结果表明:在机头周向角±45°处的颗粒对大迎角下飞机的航向气动特性影响明显,能够使大迎角偏航力矩具有确定的方向。对流场结构分析发现:颗粒所在一侧脱离出明显强于没有颗粒一侧的小涡,从而在机头该侧诱导出更强的分离涡,进而导致了飞机大迎角非对称气动力的出现。     

机头顶点对战斗机大迎角航向气动特性影响研究

就机头微扰动、表面粗糙度、机头顶点形状等因素对战斗机大迎角航向气动特性的影响进行了试验研究。结果表明：大迎角下飞机的航向气动特性对机头表面粗糙度和顶点形状较敏感,不同表面粗糙度和不同机头顶点形状使飞机大迎角下的侧向力和偏航力矩有较大差异,圆头机头对消除和控制飞机在大迎角下的侧向力和偏航力矩效果明显;机头颗粒和顶点细微不对称对大迎角下飞机的航向气动特性微扰动作用明显,使大迎角偏航力矩方向和极值基本确定。     

弹射救生系统大迎角大侧滑角气动特性工程计算方法研究

对弹射救生系统的气动特性进行了分析,发展了一套快速获取其气动特性的工程计算方法,并对某战斗机弹射救生系统的大迎角大侧滑角气动力特性进行了计算.结果表明,工程计算结果与风洞试验数据一致性良好.     

Performance of wavecatcher intakes at angles of attack and sideslip

A wavecatcher type scramjet intake, that reduces the Mach number number from 4 to 1.552, is used as the basis for a study of flow starting/unstarting as affected by freestream angles of attack and sideslip. The intake design is based on a morphed streamtube consisting of two conical flow streamlines using streamline tracing and osculating axisymmetric design theory. Intake flow and performance is modeled using the numerical CFD code and the k-ε turbulence model. The intake unstarts at a sideslip angle of 2°, a positive angle of attack of 1°. Both positive angle of attack and sideslip angle have an adverse effect on the startability of the MBus intake. At negative angles, the intake initially unstarts at −5° angle of attack, due to the thickened shear layer induced by the streamwise vortex. Then it re-starts at −8° angle of attack, mainly due to the expansion fan formed at the leading edge, causing the shock wave structures inside the intake to be re-established.     

Bifurcation analysis of polynomial models for longitudinal motion at high angle of attack

To investigate the longitudinal motion stability of aircraft maneuvers conveniently, a new stability analysis approach is presented in this paper. Based on describing longitudinal aerodynamics at high angle-of-attack (a < 50 ) motion by polynomials, a union structure of two-order differential equation is suggested. By means of nonlinear theory and method, analytical and global bifurcation analyses of the polynomial differential systems are provided for the study of the nonlinear phenomena of high angle-of-attack flight. Applying the theories of bifurcations, many kinds of bifurcations, such as equilibrium, Hopf, homoclinic (heteroclinic) orbit and double limit cycle bifurcations are discussed and the existence conditions for these bifurcations as well as formulas for calculating bifurcation curves are derived. The bifurcation curves divide the parameter plane into several regions; moreover, the complete bifurcation diagrams and phase portraits in different regions are obtained. Finally, our conclusions are applied to analyzing the stability and bifurcations of a practical example of a high angle-of-attack flight as well as the effects of elevator deflection on the asymptotic stability regions of equilibrium. The model and analytical methods presented in this paper can be used to study the nonlinear flight dynamic of longitudinal stall at high angle of attack.     

船身式水陆两栖飞机起降飞行仿真研究

水陆两栖飞机地面和水面起降特性需要满足适航规章的要求,有必要在飞机方案的优化设计过程中建立准确的计算分析方法来开展评估,以保证飞机方案的适航符合性、降低设计更改风险。基于滑行艇水面滑行水动力分析方法、地面起落架多体动力学建模方法及 Matlab / Simulink 仿真环境,分别建立某船身式水陆两栖飞机水面、地面起降的飞行仿真模型,数学模型中包含飞机本体飞行力学模型、水动力模型或起落架模型,通过对算例飞机水面和地面起飞过程开展飞行仿真,得到飞机各运动状态变量、起落架参数、水动力等的时间历程,并与飞行试验、水池试验数据进行对比分析。结果表明:所建立的船身式水陆两栖飞机地面、水面飞行仿真方法达到了型号设计的精度要求,仿真结果与试验试飞结果吻合得较好。