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2014年9月2l和9月24日,美国和印度的火星探测器先后抵达火星轨道并入轨成功,掀起了人类火星探测的又一次小高潮。美国是火星探测方面当之无愧的超级大国,印度则是火星探测的新手,而晒国的探测器却几乎同时成功进入火星轨道进行探测,那么其在任务尤其是飞往火星的轨道设计上又有哪些不同呢? 相似文献
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冻结轨道是一种稳定的轨道,地球、火星、月球的卫星因引力场的南北不对称,都存在冻结轨道.由于主星体引力场的不同,它们卫星的冻结轨道也有不同的特性.地球卫星的冻结执道的偏心率非常小,对卫星遥感非常有利,国内外已有相当多的近地遥感卫星采用这种轨道.月球卫星的冻结轨道偏心率随轨道倾角的不同有很大的变化,对月球卫星冻结轨道的研究... 相似文献
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时下,“探火”是一个非常热门的话题。前不久,印度PSLV-XL火箭发射的“曼加里安”火星轨道探测器顺利进入火星椭圆轨道一事,引起了世界各国的广泛关注。根据深空探测发展路线图,我国在加紧实施月球探测任务的同时,即将踏上全面探索深空奥秘的历史征程,包括火星在内的多个深空探测任务将逐步推进。随着我国探月工程的圆满实施,中国运载火箭研究院研制的运载火箭已经具备了深空探测能力,能够执行火星探测任务。 相似文献
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火星探测器全任务期空间环境特征与防护要点 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
火星探测器任务期间依次经历近地环境、行星际环境和火星环境。文章分析了火星探测器从地球发射、地-火转移、火星环绕、直至着陆火星表面并进行巡视探测的任务全过程中的空间环境特征,并对比了火星探测器与地球卫星等面临的空间环境差异;结合火星探测器的任务特点,分析了探测器在不同任务阶段经历的电离总剂量、单粒子、内带电、太阳辐射、真空、火星大气与火星尘等空间环境剖面,提出了火星探测器的空间环境防护设计要点。 相似文献
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文章针对深空探测任务高能粒子辐射及所致器件失效定量评估问题,利用IMP-8在1973年—2001年的电子探测数据,统计了太阳电子事件通量的特征,证明事件通量符合对数正态分布。假设事件发生概率符合泊松分布,构建了行星际电子通量模型,再结合太阳质子通量模型、探测器轨道、行星际粒子在日球层的传播规律,得到不同置信度下空间粒子通量及其剂量。进一步结合器件累计失效剂量的试验数据,可定量评估器件失效概率。以一种典型的商用数据采集功能模块器件TL084和火星环绕探测任务为例,7个月转移轨道和3年火星轨道的任务期内,1 mm铝屏蔽下TL084的失效概率仅为1.01%。 相似文献
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航天器非地球轨道热环境模拟技术探讨 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:1
月球、火星探测器等非地球轨道航天器与地球轨道航天器对热控的要求有很大的不同,为验证热控设计的合理性,必须在地面做好充分的热环境模拟试验.国内绝大部分空间环模设备都是以模拟地球轨道航天器在轨环境为目的建设的,显然不能满足深空探测需要.文章针对航天器非地球轨道深空热环境模拟技术进行探讨. 相似文献
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星际探测器轨道的特征与探测目的密切相关,对目标天体两级地区进行探测显然采用的是极轨道(或接近极轨道)。对于这类卫星(或称轨道器),如果轨道半长径较大,则会因第三体报骚动国导致轨道偏心率增大,使其近星距减小到等于目标天体的赤道半径而落到该天体上,结束其运动寿命,即使目标天体不存在大气(如月球等)亦会如此。 相似文献
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针对深空探测任务中,与小行星交会段的自主导航问题,首先建立探测器在交会段的轨道动力学模型,并提出了2种导航观测方案:1)利用目标天体图像作为观测量;2)利用目标天体视线方向和目标天体夹角作为观测量.然后结合动力学模型和观测模型推导了2种导航方法的滤波算法公式.最后通过蒙特卡罗数值仿真分析方法,估算了2种导航方法的误差值,结果表明误差值在可接受精度范围内,验证了2种自主导航方法是可行的. 相似文献
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The concept of “space patrol” is considered, aimed at discovering and cataloging the majority of celestial bodies that constitute
a menace for the Earth [1, 2]. The scheme of “optical barrier” formed by telescopes of the space patrol is analyzed, requirements
to the observation system are formulated, and some schemes of sighting the optical barrier region are suggested (for reliable
detection of the celestial bodies approaching the Earth and for determination of their orbits). A comparison is made of capabilities
of electro-jet engines and traditional chemical engines for arrangement of patrol spacecraft constellation in the Earth’s
orbit. 相似文献
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The concept of the System for the Observation of Daytime Asteroids (SODA system) has been developed, the purpose of which is to detect at least 95% of hazardous celestial bodies larger than 10 m in size that fly towards Earth from the Sun side. Spacecraft, equipped with the optimum version, which has three wide-angle optical telescopes of small aperture (20–30 cm) will be placed in a halo orbit around the L1 libration point of the Sun–Earth system. This will provide a warning on the hazardous object, approaching from the Sun side, and will allow one to determine the orbit and the point of body entering Earth atmosphere to a sufficient accuracy, at least a few hours before the body collides with Earth. The requirements to the system are considered, the results of a preliminary design of the set of instruments have been described, the areas of visibility are calculated, and the versions of data transmission modes have been proposed. It has been shown that, in cooperation with other (particularly ground-based) projects aimed to observing objects flying from the night sky side, it is possible to detect in advance all hazardous bodies in the near-Earth space larger than 10 m in size that approach Earth from almost any direction. 相似文献
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Russia has gained a lot of experience in operating the space suits (SS) during the extravehicular activities (EVA) by the crews of SALYUT-6, SALYUT-7 and MIR orbiting stations. A total of 21 Orlan-type space suits of various models were operated onboard the orbiting stations (OS) during almost 20 years period. Some of these space suits served up to 3 years in orbit. The paper reviews special features of long SS operation (without return to the Earth) onboard an orbiting station as well as the problems associated with SS repeated use by several crews. An analysis of measures to support solving of the problems of SS long stay and reliable operation onboard the orbiting station is made: selection of a corresponding SS type and separate elements design; selection of the materials; routine and preventive maintenance; development tests. The advantages of the space suit of a semi-rigid type for solving the above problems are shown. The paper includes a short analysis of space suits' operation onboard the Russian orbiting station MIR, and some restuts of inspection of the Orlan-DMA space suit returned to the Earth from orbit by STS-79 alter long operation in orbit. Recommendations on further improvement of the space suits for EVA operations in the International Space Station (ISS) are given. 相似文献
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N. S. Kardashev B. B. Kreisman A. V. Pogodin Yu. N. Ponomarev E. N. Filippova A. I. Sheikhet 《Cosmic Research》2014,52(5):332-341
In order to carry out tasks of the RadioAstron mission, a high-apogee orbit was designed. On average, the period of its satellite’s orbit around the Earth is 8.5 days with evolution due to gravitational perturbations produced by the Moon and the Sun. The perigee and apogee of this orbit vary within the limits 7500–70000 km and 270000–333000 km, respectively. The basic evolution of the orbit represents a rotation of its plane around the line of apsides. Over 3 years, the plane normal to the orbit draws on the celestial sphere an oval with a semi-major axis of about 150° and semi-minor axis of about 45°. 相似文献