立方体卫星电源系统及关键技术

在对立方体卫星电源系统调研的基础上,介绍了国内外立方体卫星电源系统研制基本情况和立方体卫星电源系统的基本原理,结合当前航天器电源系统应用实际及立方体卫星技术特点,通过对比提炼,对立方体卫星电源系统关键技术进行了梳理分析,重点对供配电体制、结构拓扑、高功率密度实现、接口标准、系统功耗控制等关键技术进行了介绍,对各关键技术的特点、应用、研究状况、难点及主要实现途经等进行了分析。总结了立方体卫星电源系统发展趋势,指出了立方体卫星电源技术的发展重点,给出了立方体卫星电源系统发展建议。以上内容对立方体卫星电源系统的研制应用及发展,具有一定的参考价值。     

小卫星的创举——“立方体”纳星

纳型卫星在上个世纪也有所发展，但应用上大部停留在简单空间飞行实验，用处很有限，皮星更多是作为一种概念性存在，主要为教学与筒单元部件实验服务。随着“立方体”纳星的诞生，小卫星应用如同“井喷”迅猛发展。     

国外对地观测微纳卫星发展趋势分析

针对微纳卫星对地观测系统发展水平较高的美国、英国、日本、阿根廷、芬兰等国的典型微纳卫星对地观测系统,从系统的发展目标、系统构成、发展历程、目前状况,以及系统(卫星)的主要性能和技术状态等方面进行了较为全面的论述。从中可看出,微纳卫星可获取亚米级分辨率的光学和合成孔径雷达图像,使微纳卫星的技术水平大幅提高;对地观测系统微纳卫星的数量从数颗、几十颗到数百颗,组网卫星的数量多,能够高频次地获取所观测目标的信息。经比较、分析与归纳,微纳卫星对地观测系统呈现出中分辨率与高分辨率协调发展,主动观测方式与被动观测方式全面发展,军民融合式发展,以及微纳卫星对地观测系统之间的竞争更加激烈等发展趋势。     

立方体星的技术发展和应用前景

系统论述了立方体星技术发展的三个阶段;从2010-2013年已成功发射的立方体星与纳卫星中挑选了10颗典型卫星,研究分析其技术水平、应用价值和特点优势;并重点论述了立方体纳卫星的应用;最后预测了立方体纳卫星的未来应用前景。     

MEMS技术的发展及其在航天领域的应用研究

简述MEMS概念和特点,分析MEMS技术应用于航天领域的优势及其技术发展情况,重点对MEMS技术在微纳卫星领域的应用以及对微纳卫星技术发展的牵引作用进行了研究.     

基于群体智能的微纳卫星集群自主控制系统研究

随着卫星应用需求的发展,越来越多的航天任务已经不能仅靠单颗卫星来完成,而必须依靠多颗微纳卫星集群联合工作才能完成。文章针对星群面临的在轨运行管理和效能问题,研究了基于群体智能的微纳卫星集群自主控制系统,包括星群自主认知与自主决策技术、构型建立维持与重构技术和星间高低速协同通信技术等3个方面,对星群集群控制典型应用场景进行了仿真验证,结果表明：集群自主控制能够满足星群任务的实时性、轨道构型误差和星间动态网络等指标要求,可为推动微纳卫星集群在轨应用提供技术支撑。     

微纳卫星光学载荷技术发展综述

阐述了微纳卫星光学载荷从单一摄像头到应用模式多样的综合系统的发展过程。调研了国外微纳卫星光学载荷的发展现状及特点,如轻小型化、紧凑化、观测任务多样化和视频成像,主要表现在低成本商业遥感应用,适于新技术演示验证、光学载荷图像产品的网络应用、商用现货(COTS)技术应用、模块化技术体系等方面。通过归纳总结得出以下启示:我国微纳卫星光学载荷发展应紧跟国际步伐,瞄准低成本商业遥感方向,建立标准化、模块化微纳卫星光学载荷技术体系;发展颠覆性技术(薄膜衍射成像和液晶可调光谱滤光片用于高光谱成像),积极探索微纳卫星光学载荷研制模式的创新。     

微纳卫星混合推进技术研究综述

首先介绍了微纳卫星混合推进系统的特点与优势,总结了星载混合推进技术的发展现状,并结合微纳卫星动力系统要求,指出了星载混合推进技术的发展趋势及存在的问题.然后在此基础上,从卫星工程应用的角度,重点综述了星载混合推进系统需攻克的主要关键技术,包括先进一体化制造、可靠低功耗多次点火启动、比冲提升、高效燃烧等,并分析了相应关键...     

美国大学纳卫星计划

本世纪初，由美国国防部、NASA和工业界投资，旨在验证一系列纳卫星(质量小于10kg)相关重大技术的“美国大学纳卫星计划”全面启动。该计划共包含6个子项目，分别由美国的10所大学和一个研究所承担。文中对该计划的各子项目及其一些相关技术进行了概述。     

嵌入式系统在微纳卫星上的应用

自20世纪80年代以来，随着微小卫星技术在世界范围内的发展，各国均在微小卫星领域进行了广泛和深层次的研究。特别是近几年来，由于微米／纳米技术水平的迅速提高，出现了许多新技术和研究成果，使得微型卫星（100kg以下）和纳型卫星（10kg量级）有了充分的发展空间。与大卫星以及100kg以上的小卫星相比，微纳卫星具有研制周期短、成本低、重量轻、体积小和功耗低等特点，这对设计和制造的各项技术提出了更高的要求。     

甚小型卫星发展综述

介绍了立方星(CubeSat)、片上卫星(SpaceChip)、印制电路板卫星(PCBSat)、多芯片组件卫星(MCMSat)4种甚小型卫星的发展情况和技术特点。CubeSat技术最为成熟,已发射多颗此类卫星,但体积固定,成本较高;SpaceChip是卫星小型化的最终目标,它成本最低,集成度最高,体积最小,但通信距离较短;PCBSat的成本和性能居中,设计复杂度低,且元器件有商用现货供应,但功耗较大;MCMSat综合了PCBSat和SpaceChip的技术特点,技术复杂。我国甚小型卫星可选择优先发展PCBSat;重点突破商用现货元器件的筛选,以及空间应用技术、一体化姿态控制技术、新型微推进技术、轻型高效的蓄电池和太阳电池技术等。     

Inflatable antenna for cubesats: Motivation for development and antenna design

CubeSats and small satellites have potential to provide means to explore space and to perform science in a more affordable way. As the goals for these spacecraft become more ambitious in space exploration, moving from Low Earth Orbit (LEO) to Geostationary Earth Orbit (GEO) or further, the communication systems currently implemented will not be able to support those missions. One of the bottlenecks in small spacecraft communication systems is represented by antennas' size, due to the close relation between antenna gain and dimensions. Current antennas for CubeSats are mostly dipole or patch antennas with limited gain. Deployable (not inflatable) antennas for CubeSats are currently being investigated, but these solutions are affected by the challenge of packaging the whole deployable structure in a small spacecraft.The work that we propose represents the first attempt to develop an inflatable antenna for CubeSats. Inflatable structures and antennas can be packaged efficiently occupying a small amount of space, and they can provide, once deployed, large dish dimension and correspondent gain. Inflatable antennas have been previously tested in space (Inflatable Antenna Experiment, STS-77). However they have never been developed for small spacecraft such as CubeSats, where the packaging efficiency, the deployment, and the inflation represent a challenge.Our study explores for the first time the possibility of developing such antenna in a way compatible with CubeSat dimensions and constraints. The research provides answers on the possible dimensions for an inflatable antenna for small satellites, on the gain and resolution that can be achieved, and on the deployment and inflation mechanism compatible with CubeSat. Future work in the development of the antenna will include the test of the antenna in flight during a specific technical demonstration mission.The article is structured as follows: context and motivation for Cubesat inflatable antenna are described; then a study to design the antenna which achieves the required performance metrics, while respecting the constraints imposed by CubeSat structure, is presented.     

应用于立方星的剪叉式可展开太阳电池阵机构

立方星在轨任务期间的能源供给主要依靠蓄电池或体装太阳能电池阵。随着微小航天器技术的发展,立方星功能密度越来越大,星上载荷对功率的需求越来越高,传统的电池板供能方式已很难满足未来空间任务需求。另外,立方星因其特有的尺寸规范和标准,对电池阵的收纳尺寸和展开机构也有特殊应用需求。基于上述背景和立方星的结构特点,设计了一种展开原理简单、扩展性好、折展比大的一维剪叉式空间可展开机构,进行了原理样机的加工制造和地面展开试验,验证了机构设计的功能可行性以及设计参数的合理性。机构展开后阵列发电功率是传统供能方式的3~5倍,且特殊的几何外形可提供被动重力梯度稳定优势,在提升未来立方星载荷能力方面有重要应用价值。     

Characterization of Lithium-Polymer batteries for CubeSat applications

With the development of several key technologies, nanosatellites are emerging as important vehicles for carrying out technology demonstrations and space science research. Nanosatellites are attractive for several reasons, the most important being that they do not involve the prohibitive costs of a conventional satellite launch. One key enabling technology is in the area of battery technology. In this paper, we focus on the characterization of battery technologies suitable for nanosatellites.Several battery chemistries are examined in order to find a type suitable for typical nanosatellite missions. As a baseline mission, we examine York University's 1U CubeSat mission for its power budget and power requirements. Several types of commercially available batteries are examined for their applicability to CubeSat missions. We also describe the procedures and results from a series of environmental tests for a set of Lithium Polymer batteries from two manufacturers.     

ΔDsat,a QB50 CubeSat mission to study rarefied-gas drag modelling

A CubeSat mission to study the impact of flow incidence angle, surface material and surface roughness on gas–surface interactions on spacecraft in low Earth orbits has been designed. To accomplish this scientific goal the CubeSat deploys a variable geometry aerofoil capable of exposing different surfaces to the flow at different incident angles. By using the on-board GPS measurements and an orbit determination technique the drag experienced by the CubeSat can be estimated. The CubeSat has been designed to be part of the QB50 mission, and hence it carries a sensor that can take in-situ measurements of the atmosphere. This is then used to estimate the atmospheric density and hence to extract information on the drag coefficient. To minimise any bias present in the measurement chain a differential approach is used. Therefore no absolute drag coefficients are estimated, instead, ratios of drag coefficients are computed. This allows direct comparisons of the drag coefficients of different materials, different surface roughness or different incident angles. Simulations indicate that this CubeSat mission will be able to obtain drag coefficient ratios with an uncertainty level of less than 5%.     

空间核动力平台电力管理系统的设计

空间核动力平台是一种全新的电源推进一体化航天器,其电力系统具有三相交流输出、工况多且复杂、母线电压体制多等特点。为了解决空间核动力平台负载供电诸多难题,通过对系统功能、负载类型、母线体制、组成配置、工作模式、控制机制等方面论证分析,提出了一种新型空间核动力平台电力管理系统架构。其中,变配电系统从硬件实现角度解决了基于布雷顿热电转换系统输出为负载稳态供电问题,自主控制系统从软件控制角度解决了主能源、辅助能源等多能源间流动控制以及负载暂态匹配问题,这为未来空间核动力平台电力管理系统研究工作奠定了基础。     

三单元立方体卫星的结构特性分析

立方体卫星凭借着其质轻、体积小、灵活性强等特点得到了快速发展。文章以南京理工大学研制的三单元立方体卫星为研究对象,采用有限元法对其结构进行仿真计算,验证了整星模态频率满足刚度要求。基于仿真结果对PVC板进行了合理的改进,结果显示立方体卫星3个方向的一阶频率分别提高了36.8%、14.4%和36.3%,同时改善了PVC板的振动特性,为后续整星振动试验的开展及其他立方体卫星的结构设计提供了参考依据。     

基于CPLD的高速视频采集/转发系统设计

介绍一种基于 CPL D的高速数据实时采集 /转发系统的工作原理和设计方案 ,讨论了图像采集、高速缓存和总线控制等关键技术。该系统采用高速的 PCI总线与计算机相连 ,实现视频图像的实时采集、存储、显示和转发等 ,已成功用于某型号的地面红外模拟图像源的系统中。     

SLUCUBE: Innovative high performance nanosatellite science and technology demonstration mission

The Space Systems Research Laboratory (SSRL) at Saint Louis University is developing SLUCUBE nanosatellite as part of the space mission design program. The objective of the mission is to demonstrate space capability of high performance nanosatellite components that has been developed at SSRL for the past three years. The objective of the program is to provide extremely low-cost and rapid access to space for scientists and commercial exploitation using commercial-off-the-shelf components. SLUCUBE is a double CubeSat with dimensions 10×10×20 cm and a mass of 2 kg. This nanosatellite features suite of technology demonstration components to enlarge the capability of space mission for such class of spacecrafts. The primary mission of SLUCUBE is to test and demonstrate several enabling technologies by flying a number of university developed high performance components. This paper describes the new developed technologies by providing details of specific components developed along with the R&D efforts and laboratory facilities. A brief discussion about the student involvement and educational benefits will also be presented.     

SLUCUBE: Innovative high performance nanosatellite science and technology demonstration mission

The Space Systems Research Laboratory (SSRL) at Saint Louis University is developing SLUCUBE nanosatellite as part of the space mission design program. The objective of the mission is to demonstrate space capability of high performance nanosatellite components that has been developed at SSRL for the past three years. The objective of the program is to provide extremely low-cost and rapid access to space for scientists and commercial exploitation using commercial-off-the-shelf components. SLUCUBE is a double CubeSat with dimensions 10×10×20 cm and a mass of 2 kg. This nanosatellite features suite of technology demonstration components to enlarge the capability of space mission for such class of spacecrafts. The primary mission of SLUCUBE is to test and demonstrate several enabling technologies by flying a number of university developed high performance components. This paper describes the new developed technologies by providing details of specific components developed along with the R&D efforts and laboratory facilities. A brief discussion about the student involvement and educational benefits will also be presented.