双星探月，美欲重返月球

北京时间2009年6月19日凌晨5点,NASA发射两颗卫星探月。这是美国“重返月球”计划的第一步。美国是最先探索月球的国家之一。从卫星“绕月”到“阿波罗”飞船首次登月,再到如今“重返月球”计划中建立永久性月球基地,美国的月球探索已进入更深屡次。月球,田其独特的空间位置,被美国视为太空探索的重要跳板。     

通向月球之路

通向月球的路是漫长的。从现在起,有针对性地对空间探测理论与技术进行研究是非必需的。本文对月球探测轨道作一介绍,利用借力飞行和WSB转移,减少轨道机动所需的△V,从而减少发射费用,这对支持长期的持续的空间探测是非常必要的。离子推进推力器是空间探测用推进器的理想选择,应继续进行研究,并进行飞行试验验证。     

Chandrayaan-1 mission to the Moon

Chandrayaan-1 is the first Indian planetary exploration mission that will perform remote sensing observation of the Moon to further our understanding about its origin and evolution. Hyper-spectral studies in the 0.4– region using three different imaging spectrometers, coupled with a low energy X-ray spectrometer, a sub-keV atom analyzer, a 3D terrain mapping camera and a laser ranging instrument will provide data on mineralogical and chemical composition and topography of the lunar surface at high spatial resolution. A low energy gamma ray spectrometer and a miniature imaging radar will investigate volatile transport on lunar surface and possible presence of water ice in the polar region. A radiation dose monitor will provide an estimation of energetic particle flux en route to the Moon as well as in lunar orbit. An impact probe carrying a mass spectrometer will also be a part of the spacecraft. The 1 ton class spacecraft will be launched by using a variant of flight proven indigenous Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle (PSLV-XL). The spacecraft will be finally placed in a 100 km circular polar orbit around the Moon with a planned mission life of two years.     

Chang'e 2's Journey to the Moon

<正>OCTOBER 1:INITIAL STAGE OF THE FLIGHT TO THE mOON At 18:59,October 1,2010,a LM-3C launch vehicle blasted off from the Xichang Satellite Launch Center (XSLC) and precisely placed China's second lunar probe Chang'e 2 into the Earth-moon transfer orbit. Chang'e 2 began its 112-hour journey to the moon and the second phase of China Lunar Exploration Program was formally started.     

嫦娥二号的奔月之旅

<正>10月1日:踏上奔月之旅10月1日18时59分,长征三号丙运载火箭从西昌卫星发射中心豪迈出征,将中国探月工程二期的先导星——嫦娥二号卫星准确送入地月转移轨道。嫦娥二号卫星踏上了     

Conference round-up: Space,defence and trips to the Moon

What are the trends in missile defence, the perceptions of space and defence in society and the now emergent commercial human spaceflight industry? Europe seems stuck in a financial rut and unable to fashion a united approach, the USA and Russia have not acknowledged the need to understand the issues in a context broader than that of a bilateral debate over the intentions of Iran, and a growing number of companies is getting serious about taking paying customers into space. This report covers the Royal United Services Institute (RUSI) Missile Defence Conference 2012; the RUSI Defence, Industries and Society Conference 2012 and the third European Space Tourism Conference held at the Royal Aeronautical Society in July, all in London.     

嫦娥1号的奔月之路

从地球到月球不但距离遥远,将近40万公里,而且月球自身还在围绕地球进行公转,平均运动速度1.023公里/秒。因此,     

是分开月球和火星的时候了

给出了国外对于载人深空探测的另外一个角度的看法,指出必须充分认识到载人火星探测的风险和成本,应优先考虑发展空间能力,解决社会民生问题。     

Magnifying our world: Why we must extend civilization to the Moon

Since the completion of its original prehistoric migration some 10 000 years ago, humankind has had nowhere else on Earth to go. The Space Age has produced the wherewithal for a new off-Earth human migration to restart, with the Moon as the clear initial destination. As insurance against cataclysmic and human-induced natural disasters, as a means of creating new commercial industrial–financial opportunities at a time of fundamental change in the global economy, and as a way for the USA to regain some international political influence, it should pursue Moon settlement vigorously and soon. However, the developing US space exploration program being designed by NASA for such an undertaking is too narrowly confined to the pursuit of natural-science objectives. There must be fundamental involvement of the private sector and of a much wider range of professionals and federal departments therein.     

The Moon Treaty: prospects for the future

1995 marks the 15th anniversary of the United States' debate over ratification of the 1979 Moon Treaty.¹ The 1994–1995 season also marks the 10th anniversary of the Moon Treaty's entry into force among the small number of countries that ratified it.² These two anniversaries are significant both in themselves and because they occur at a time of reexamination regarding the Moon Treaty. This article briefly reviews the history of the agreement, and its prospects over the next few years. It concludes with some suggestions for revisiting the troublesome question of property rights in celestial bodies.     

日本将重新发射H-2A火箭

日前，日本政府决定，将于今年11月重新发射H-2A运载火箭，并把一颗多用途卫星送入太空。由于这是该型火箭因发射失败而中断使用一年后的首次发射，故而引起了人们的关注和重视。     

Thermal Analysis of Trajectories of Return from the Moon Using Several Entries into the Atmosphere for Ballistic Capsule and Gliding Descent Vehicles

Cosmic Research - In this paper, we study the scheme of a descent vehicle’s return from the Moon using several intermediate passages of the Earth’s atmosphere before landing. The...     

全球携手探索月球和火星的新举措

2007年5月30日～6月1日在意大利举行的国际会议上,代表着世界主要航天发展国家的意大利、英国、法国、中国、加拿大、澳大利亚、德国、印度、日本、韩国、美国、乌克兰、俄罗斯和包括17个国家的欧空局等14个航天机构签订协议,向在未来空间探索中建立国际协调机制、保证使用通用技术标准进行机器人和载人的月球、火星探索迈出了第一步。这标志着载人行星探索全球共享构想的新时代即将到来。     

Meditations on the new space vision: the Moon as a stepping stone to Mars

The Vision for Space Exploration invokes activities on the Moon in preparation for exploration of Mars and also directs International Space Station (ISS) research toward the same goal. Lunar missions will emphasize development of capability and concomitant reduction of risk for future exploration of Mars. Earlier papers identified three critical issues related to the so-called NASA Mars Design Reference Mission (MDRM) to be addressed in the lunar context: (a) safety, health, and performance of the human crew; (b) various modalities of mission operations ranging surface activities to logistics, planning, and navigation; and (c) reliability and maintainability of systems in the planetary environment. In simple terms, lunar expeditions build a résumé that demonstrates the ability to design, construct, and operate an enterprise such as the MDRM with an expectation of mission success. We can evolve from Apollo-like missions to ones that resemble the complexity and duration of the MDRM. Investment in lunar resource utilization technologies falls naturally into the Vision. NASA must construct an exit strategy from the Moon in the third decade. With a mandate for continuing exploration, it cannot assume responsibility for long-term operation of lunar assets. Therefore, NASA must enter into a partnership with some other entity--governmental, international, or commercial--that can responsibly carry on lunar development past the exploration phase.     

嫦娥1号卫星奔向月球

10月24日,在党的十七大刚刚胜利落幕之际,我国自行研制的第一颗月球探测卫星——嫦娥1号由长征3号甲火箭成功发射升     

Stepping stones to the future: Achieving a sustainable lunar outpost

The current emphasis in the US and internationally on lunar robotic missions is generally viewed as a precursor to possible future human missions to the Moon. As initially framed, the implementation of high level policies such as the US Vision for Space Exploration (VSE) might have been limited to either human lunar sortie missions, or to the testing at the Moon of concepts-of-operations and systems for eventual human missions to Mars [White House, Vision for Space Exploration, Washington, DC, 14 January, 2004. [1]]. However, recently announced (December 2006) US goals go much further: these plans now place at the center of future US—and perhaps international—human spaceflight activities a long-term commitment to an outpost on the Moon.Based on available documents, a human lunar outpost could be emplaced as early as the 2020–2025 timeframe, and would involve numerous novel systems, new technologies and unique operations requirements. As such, substantial investments in research and development (R&D) will be necessary prior to, during, and following the deployment of such an outpost. It seems possible that such an outpost will be an international endeavor, not just the undertaking of a single country—and the US has actively courted partners in the VSE. However, critical questions remain concerning an international lunar outpost. What might such an outpost accomplish? To what extent will “sustainability” be built into the outpost? And, most importantly, what will be the outpost's life cycle cost (LCC)?This paper will explore these issues with a view toward informing key policy and program decisions that must be made during the next several years. The paper will (1) describe a high-level analytical model of a modest lunar outpost, (2) examine (using this model) the parametric characteristics of the outpost in terms of the three critical questions indicated above, and (3) present rough estimates of the relationships of outpost goals and “sustainability” to LCC. The paper will also consider possible outpost requirements for near-term investments in enabling research in light of experiences in past advanced technology programs.     

一种从月面图像检测陨石坑的方法

随着我国月球探测计划的开展,基于视觉的探测器月球表面软着陆的相关技术研究正在进行,陨石坑是月球表面最常见的物体.基于图像的陨石坑识别技术作为探测器自主障碍检测中的一项关键技术,引起了各航天大国的高度重视.提出了一种基于特征点的陨石坑检测算法.该方法可以分为三个部分:特征点检测、陨石坑区域初选、陨石坑拟合.首先通过特征点检测初步确定陨石坑所在区域,然后通过区域生长的方法分别提取陨石坑亮、暗两区域,最后通过椭圆拟合的方式获得陨石坑所在椭圆.实验研究表明,该算法可以有效地检测出半径小于15个像素大于5个像素,有较强明暗对比的陨石坑.在结束语中,作者提出了未来该算法改进的四个方向.     

美两个探月器将为月球基地选址并撞击月球

继日本、中国和印度2007～2008年相继发射月球探测卫星之后．美国航空航天局（NASA）又在2009年6月18日一举发射两个月球探测器．其中一个要对月球进行猛烈撞击。这将使全球月球探测活动愈演愈烈。