Evidence for scaling behavior of some oceanic characteristics according to surface and space observation data

In this paper, we apply methods of nonparametric statistics to analyze data on wind wave heights in areas where, according to the satellite data, sea (ocean) surface temperature (SST) fall is observed due to intensity of coastal wind sea roughness. The analysis of this data by time factor has shown uniformity of wind wave heights and swell over time factor for all considered regions. In certain cases of regional process development, interaction of non-uniform fields of wind waves and swell in coastal ‘squares’ is possible.     

The prospects for enhanced international polar-orbiting satellite cooperation

With robust polar satellite missions demonstrated and/or operational in the USA, Europe, Japan, China, Russia, India, and Brazil, and with other nations also likely to develop such capability, this paper examines the prospects for as well as the potential challenges to closer and perhaps more formal international polar satellite cooperation. In suggesting that now is the time to explore the development of a coordinated polar observing system, the present paper identifies potential contributors, assesses the relevance of existing space-based Earth observation international coordination mechanisms, and considers three potential models for a future system.     

数据融合技术在海洋二号卫星数据中的应用

海洋二号（HY-2）卫星搭载的微波散射计和扫描微波辐射计一天沿轨数据不能完全覆盖全球海域,文章提出了基于数据融合技术的解决方法。该方法以HY-2卫星获取的海面风场和海面温度场作为数据源,分别利用最优插值算法和时空权重插值法对HY-一2卫星微波辐射计和散射计获取的海面温度场和海面风场数据进行数据融合,在不降低分辨率的基础上,使得一天对全球海域的覆盖率从90％提高到100％。此融合方法可应用于HY-2卫星数据业务化系统中。     

基于三轴磁强计与雷达高度计的融合导航算法

为了减小近地轨道(小于1000km)地磁导航的估计误差协方差，提高导航的可靠性和准确性，在地磁导航系统中引入雷达高度计作为一个新的测量设备，提出了一种基于三轴磁强计与雷达高度计的融合导航算法。该算法取卫星的位置和速度向量作为状态向量，建立状态方程；取卫星周围的磁场强度和卫星到星下点实际海平面距离求出的地心距，作为观测量建立观测方程；利用扩展卡尔曼滤波构成一种融合导航算法。仿真结果表明，提出的融合导航算法对轨道位置的估计误差小于20米，速度的估计误差小于1米／秒，导航算法的精度和收敛性都优于使用单一地磁导航的系统。     

Current status of the Russian space programme

This paper surveys the status of Russian space activities in terms of budget, operational satellite systems, workforce and industrial capabilities. There is inequality between companies and particularly between various tiers of cooperation in production. In the current situation international cooperation, both in the form of joint non-commercial ventures and integration into the global space market, is considered vital for sustaining national space capabilities.     

Future earth observation missions for oceanographic applications: Indian perspectives

Significant progress has been achieved in India in demonstrating the utility of remote sensing data for various oceanographic applications during the last one decade. Among these, techniques have been developed for retrieval of ocean surface waves, winds, wave forecast model, internal waves, sea surface temperature and chlorophyll pigments. Encouraged from these results as well as for meeting the specific and increasing data requirements on an assured basis by oceanographers, India is making concerted efforts for developing and launching state-of-the-art indigenous satellites for ocean applications in the coming years.

The first in the series of ocean satellites planned for launch is Oceansat-1 (IRS-P4) by early 1999. Oceansat-1 carries on-board an Ocean Colour Monitor (OCM) and a Multi-frequency Scanning Microwave Radiometer (MSMR). OCM will have 8 narrow spectral bands operating in visible and near- infrared bands (402–885 nm) with a spatial resolution of 360 m and swath of 1420 km. The MSMR with its all weather capability is configured to have measurements at 4 frequencies viz., 6.6, 10.65, 18 & 21 GHz in dual polarisation mode with a spatial resolution of 120, 80, 40 & 40 km, respectively with an overall swath of 1360 km. The Oceansat-1 with repetitivity of once in two days will provide global data for retrieval of various oceanographic and meteorological parameters such as chlorophyll (primary productivity), sea surface temperature and wind speed, besides a host of other parameters of relevance to meteorology.

A full fledged satellite for ocean applications known as Oceansat-2 (IRS-P7) is also planned for launch during 2002. This satellite with payload mix of microwave (Scatterometer, Altimeter & Passive Microwave Radiometer), Thermal (TIR) and Optical (OCM) sensors, will provide greater in-sight into the global understanding of ocean dynamics/resources. This mission is expected to provide a complete set of oceanographic measurements, which are useful for providing operational oceanographic services.

Efforts are also on towards development of missions having multi-frequency, multipolarisation and multi-look angle microwave payloads including Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) and advanced millimeter wave sounders, besides development of imaging spectrometers by 2005.

A well-knit plan has been initiated in India for utilisation of planned Oceansat data. Important efforts initiated in this direction include SATellite Coastal and Oceanographic Research and Ocean Information Services, which are being carried out on an integrated basis aiming at providing services to the down stream users. The paper highlights these efforts in India towards providing an operational ocean information services in the coming years.     

敏捷成像卫星自主调度技术综述

针对现代卫星载荷能力与机动能力不断提升以及卫星任务需求多样化与复杂化程度持续增加的现状,阐述了敏捷成像卫星调度问题的基本特征,给出了敏捷成像卫星调度问题的一般化描述方法。在此基础上,分别从自主感知、自主决策和自主协同三个方面梳理了国内外敏捷卫星自主调度关键技术的研究进展。最后,面向未来卫星技术发展需求,指出了敏捷成像卫星自主调度技术进一步的研究方向。     

超光谱成像仪成像电路的设计与实现

超光谱成像仪是环境减灾-1A卫星的主载荷之一,也是我国第一台采用静态干涉型光谱成像技术的星载遥感相机。成像电路是超光谱成像仪的核心组件之一,文章介绍了超光谱成像仪成像电路的系统组成,以及各功能模块的结构、功能和设计原理。     

低轨对地观测卫星凝视成像仪探讨

文章介绍了典型空间信息获取方式及特点,阐述了低轨对地观测卫星凝视成像面临的问题及解决对策,对两种低轨对地观测卫星凝视成像仪及其应用进行了探讨。     

FY-2C业务静止气象卫星及发展展望

介绍了风云二号(FY-2)静止气象卫星02批首颗业务应用C星的构型与布局、控制分系统、5通道扫描辐射计、星上图像生成、数传与云图广播转发器、工程与业务测控、二次分离、电源母线调节、复合材料结构件和仪器板等温化等主要技术特点.给出了C星相对01批的多通道扫描辐射计、无线系统和电源等部分技术改进.在轨测试与运行结果表明,C星的成像系统达到了研制总要求和任务书指标,云图观测能力和质量满足气象卫星业务运行及应用系统的需求.自投入业务运行后,C星为国内外用户提供了大量的图像、定量与人机交互产品,在暴雨、台风、火灾和海冰等监测中发挥了重要作用.最后,对静止气象卫星的发展趋势进行了展望.     

电磁监测试验卫星及其初步成果（英文）

As the first satellite of the China national geophysical field observation series of satellite missions, the China Seismo-Electromagnetic Satellite(CSES) was designed upon an optimized CAST2000 platform for a sun synchronous orbit. Onboard CSES, there are total eight types of scientific payloads including the Search-coil Magnetometer, Electric Field Detector, High Precision Magnetometer, GNSS Occupation Receiver, Plasma Analyzer, Langmuir Probe, Energetic Particle Detector Package, and a Three-band Transmitter to individually acquire the global electromagnetic field, electromagnetic waves, ionospheric plasma parameters as well as energetic particles. Up to now, CSES has been operating normally in orbit for 2 years. By using the various sensor data acquired by CSES, we have achieved scientific research in the areas of the global geomagnetic field modeling, space weather, earthquake event analysis, the Lithosphere-Atmosphere-Ionosphere coupling mechanism and so on.     

一种实时测量卫星运动像移的新方法

文章针对高分辨率对地观测卫星 ,介绍一种新的方法来实时测量卫星运动在焦平面上的像移。详细地说明了像移实时测量的原理 ,具体推导了像移测量的数学表达式。测量出的像移可以用来对畸变的图像进行校正 ,获得高质量的图像     

Dynamics of Planetary Waves in the Ionosphere as Observed from GPS Satellites

The GPS satellite data are used to study the dynamics of the ionospheric total electron content (TEC) over Central Europe in the summer season from June 23 to September 30, 1996. The TEC variations within the range of periods typical of the planetary waves were found to be nearly synchronous with the neutral wind variations in the mesosphere and with the variations in the occurrence of ionospheric sporadic layers. The observed TEC variations were interpreted as the result of penetration of energy carried by nonstationary Rossby waves to the upper atmospheric altitudes.     

低轨卫星高能效载波功率资源联合调度算法

结合多波束低轨(multi-beam low earth orbit, MB-LEO)卫星通信场景,研究了一种多目标载波功率联合优化(joint subcarrier scheduling and power control resource allocation, JSSPC-RA)算法。通过求解整数混合规划非凸优化问题,得到了不同通信需求下MC-DS-CDMA子载波和子载波功率的联合调度方案,实现了系统用户未满足容量和卫星总功耗的最小化。仿真结果表明,相对于传统的载波功率均分策略,JSSPC-RA算法能够在满足系统吞吐量需求的前提下大幅节省卫星总功耗;同时,通过调节权值系数,JSSPC-RA算法可以生成用户吞吐量需求与卫星总能耗折中的系统设计方案,适用于频谱、能量资源高度受限的MB-LEO卫星系统。     

对地观测卫星区域综合组网及性能分析方法研究

明确了卫星综合组网和区域组网的概念 ,研究在对地观测卫星区域组网中卫星网的综合设计原则 ,提出确定区域组网中卫星轨道平面与卫星数量的一般方法 ,初步建立卫星网性能分析的指标体系和评估模型。     

从国外航天遥感器系统的发展现状中得到的启示

文中对德国、法国、印度和美国航天光学遥感器研制情况的一个侧面进行了简述。从中可了解到其发展态势,即朝着大型综合性系统、小卫星系统以及各种卫星的综合协作方向发展。文中着重就综合性、组合式系统的特点稍展开分析。值得提出的是,多相机组合以多种模式选择功能以及任务使命排序工作,有时又可以“大像元”形式工作,这种设计可以解决数传或图像数据记录能力的不足,能完成多种、多类用户的要求。     

Index: piggy-back satellite for aurora observation and technology demonstration

This paper describes outline of the piggy-back satellite “INDEX” for demonstration of advanced satellite technologies as well as for observation of fine structure of aurora. Aurora observation will be carried out by three cameras(MAC) with a monochromatic UV filter. Electron and ion spectrum analyzer (ESA/ISA) will measure the particle phenomena together with the aurora imaging. INDEX satellite will be launched in 2002 by Japanese H2-A. The satellite is mainly controlled by the high-speed, fault-tolerant on-board RICS processor (three-voting system of SH-3). The attitude control is a compact system of three-axis stabilization. Although the size of INDEX is small (50Kg class), several newly-developed technologies are applied to the satellite system, including silicon-on-insulator devices, variable emittance radiator, solar-concentrated paddles, lithium-ion battery, and GPS receiver with all-sky antenna-coverage.     

星载SAR海洋场景仿真与反演方法综述

研究SAR海洋目标仿真与反演方法,可提高海洋SAR卫星系统的总体设计能力和海洋图像的应用水平.文章根据星载SAR海洋场景成像机理,对风、浪、内波、锋面等海洋现象的成像模型与反演算法进行了总结,并综述了算法理论现状,分析了SAR海洋场景仿真与反演的研究难点及未来发展趋势,可为我国海洋SAR卫星的总体设计提供参考.     

FY-1C/D极轨气象卫星的运行和应用

简要介绍了风云一号(FY-1)C，D极轨气象卫星的运行情况。运行期间，在洪涝、火情、干旱和积雪等自然灾害的监测服务，沙尘暴、大雾和海冰等环境监测服务，全球资料应用，以及天气分析方面发挥了重要的作用．并可提供气象卫星数据的共享服务。两星在大范围自然灾害监测和评估等领城取得了显著的社会和经济效益，并在国内国际产生了重大影响。     

星载相控阵GNSS-R测高系统设计与实验

星载GNSS-R测高系统采用多波束相控阵天线和干涉互相关处理方式,接收北斗导航卫星和GPS导航卫星发射的L波段导航直射信号与海面反射信号,进行海面高度探测。详细介绍GNSS-R测高系统设计与实现、集成和外场试验等,外场试验不仅验证了相控阵GNSS-R测高系统功能,更重要的是验证了核心软件算法的正确性。GNSS-R测高系统适用于中尺度海洋现象的观测,可在时间和空间尺度上扩展雷达高度计的观测能力,并与之相互补充,有利于对复杂海面的中尺度结构进行较高时间分辨率的观测。GNSS-R测高仪为星载高精度海面高度探测提供了新型载荷。