共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
R.C. Parkinson 《Space Policy》1985,1(2):202-204
This article traces the development of satellite launch vehicles from the derivatives of long-range ballistic missiles to the current Ariane and Space Shuttle programmes. Looking to the next generation of launchers, the author outlines current thinking on reusable vehicles, focusing particularly on the British Aerospace/Rolls Royce HOTOL concept. 相似文献
2.
H.O. Ruppe R.H. Schmucker W. Dittberner D. Hayn M. Braitinger 《Acta Astronautica》1979,6(12):1727-1743
The paper comprises an assessment of the design and the economics of so-called “low-cost” simple modular launch vehicles. It is shown that the performance is very marginal and that the cost per launch cannot compete with technically more advanced fully reusable vehicles. Especially a private-funded development cannot be amortized economically in case of an expendable launch vehicle. 相似文献
3.
4.
迭代制导在运载火箭上的应用研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
迭代制导是直接终端制导,是运载火箭路线自适应制导方法的一种。从20世纪60年代末开始,在运载火箭上得到了广泛的应用。它的主要特点是制导精度高、任务适应性强、箭上飞行软件简单、对地面诸元准备要求相对较低。迭代制导基于火箭自适应制导的基本原理:即对于确定的目标轨道,最优飞行程序是瞬时飞行状态和瞬时视加速度的复杂函数,利用简化形式下最优控制求解的必要条件,对火箭末级的关机时间进行迭代,可以得到一套解析制导方程。基于运载火箭的实际飞行情况,建立了迭代制导的工程计算模型,并结合某型号进行大量的实例计算分析,对迭代制导的制导精度、自适应能力等方面进行研究。 相似文献
5.
运载火箭地面测发控设备研制中的“三化”设计 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:1
分析目前我国运载火箭地面测发控设备"三化"的现状,简介我国现有的运载火箭地面测发控"三化"标准,提出进一步开展运载火箭地面测发控设备"三化"工作的设想. 相似文献
6.
可应用于运载火箭上的组合制导方法研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
以惯性导航为基础的组合制导技术,既保持了惯性导航的独立性和抗干扰的特点,又可以提高制导的精度,在航空航天领域得到了广泛应用。组合制导的形式很多,适合于运载火箭的组合制导方法主要有惯性导航 卫星导航组合制导、惯性导航 星光导航组合制导两种基本形式。本文对以上两种组合制导方式的主要技术问题和应用情况进行了综合分析,对组合制导在运载火箭上的应用进行了研究。 相似文献
7.
回顾了航天大国运载火箭及推进技术发展历程,重点分析了美国、俄罗斯等国航天运载器推进技术的发展现状和后续发展思路。通过对当前世界主流运载火箭的构型特点和推进技术水平的对比和发展趋势总结,对中国未来发展载人航天运载器和先进推进技术的主要方向提出了建议。 相似文献
8.
航天运载器力学环境工程技术发展回顾及展望 总被引:2,自引:2,他引:2
近50年来,航天科技工作者对运载器发射飞行过程中的力学环境的认识逐步深入,带动了相关基础理论、预示方法、分析工具、试验技术和试验设备的不断发展。随着航天技术的快速发展,对运载器等的设计要求越来越高,火箭经受的力学环境也越来越恶劣,火箭力学环境预示与试验技术研究的迫切性日益突出。文章综合分析了力学环境预示与试验技术领域的研究发展状况,重点总结了北京强度环境研究所50年来为解决航天工程中的诸多力学环境问题所做的具体工作。最后,结合新时期航天项目的工程需求,提出了今后在航天运载器力学环境预示与试验技术研究领域的主要研究方向。 相似文献
9.
针对控制系统,采用侧喷流发动机和栅格舵的新型小型多级固体运载火箭开展了起飞段姿态控制方法研究。给出了在低马赫数条件下侧喷流发动机的力放大因子和栅格舵的控制力矩,建立了运载器姿态控制模型。根据侧喷流和栅格舵的特点,设计了PID控制器与智能开关控制器相结合的新型控制器,运用神经网络算法实现了开关控制器参数的在线选择。仿真结果表明,所设计的控制器满足控制精度、稳定度和鲁棒性的要求,算法简便,具有工程可实现性,以侧喷流发动机和栅格舵为执行机构的控制系统能满足运载火箭起飞段姿态控制要求,为陆基或空射小型固体运载火箭姿态控制方法提供了一种新思路。 相似文献
10.
11.
采用打靶法研究固体运载火箭弹道优化设计问题。针对打靶法中智能优化算法效率、优化问题中约束条件提法等方面的不足,引入序列近似优化算法,提出算法中径向基函数高斯核宽度的高效确定方法。数值仿真实验表明,提出的方法可在基本不带来计算量增加的前提下,显著提高代理模型精度,使序列近似优化算法得到改进,提高优化效率。设计固体运载火箭飞行程序。建立弹道优化设计问题数学模型,并将模型中相关等式约束合理转化为不等式约束,降低优化问题求解难度;基于改进后的序列近似优化算法完成某固体运载火箭弹道优化,原始计算模型调用308次之后便搜索到最优解,较传统智能优化算法显著提高了优化效率,优化方案末助推级液体推进剂消耗比原方案减少25.7%。 相似文献
12.
研究多级固体运载火箭轨迹/总体参数一体化优化设计问题。建立了固体运载火箭轨迹/总体参数一体化优化设计相关数学模型,包括质量模型、动力模型、气动力模型和飞行程序控制模型,确定了轨迹/总体参数一体化优化问题的目标函数、设计变量和约束条件,提出了将自适应遗传算法和序列二次规划方法相结合的高效、高精度序贯混合优化算法,实现了固体运载火箭轨迹/总体参数一体化优化设计。仿真结果表明,与总体单位设计的原方案相比,优化方案运载火箭起飞质量减小13.62%,终端约束和路径约束均得到很好满足。其结果可为固体运载火箭总体优化设计研究提供理论参考。 相似文献
13.
14.
Terminal area trajectory planning using the energy-tube concept for reusable launch vehicles 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
This paper concerns a terminal area energy management (TAEM) guidance system for a winged re-entry vehicle and describes the use of the energy-tube concept in a planning and estimation algorithm. In this paper, the focus is on the analysis of the energy management capabilities during changes in the initial conditions. The planning algorithm calculates the best heading alignment cylinder (HAC) position, based on the initial state at the TAEM interface. A cross-section of the energy tube contains all combinations of altitude and velocity from which it is possible to reach the runway. Ideally, the re-entry vehicle enters the terminal area in the ‘middle’ of the cross-section such that it has sufficient capabilities to react to off-nominal conditions that would require more or less energy dissipation. Each HAC position has a particular energy-tube cross-section. By shifting the HAC position, an optimal HAC can be found such that the initial state is situated in the middle of the cross-section. The planning algorithm uses a nominal longitudinal strategy, which is situated in between the maximum-dive and maximum-range capabilities, to calculate the optimal HAC position. However, in some cases the nominal longitudinal strategy is insufficient to reach the runway. Hence, in these cases, deviations from the nominal longitudinal strategy (nominal energy dissipation) are required during the actual flight. These deviations are calculated by the estimation algorithm and the magnitude of the deviation is based on the current position in the energy tube. 相似文献
15.
Liudmila Bzhilianskaya 《Space Policy》1997,13(4):323-338
This article examines the trend towards commercialization of Russian Space rockets via joint ventures with Western firms. It analyses the reasons for both sides' involvement (financial, competitive) and discusses the background, status and prospects of a number of specific joint ventures. The final section looks at whether Russia will find its space industry taken over by the West, but concludes that, as the producer of a successful, high-tech product, this is unlikely to be the case. 相似文献
16.
Phillip S. Clark 《Space Policy》1986,2(4):357-360
The USSR has always been reluctant to reveal details of failures in its space programme, and only a few failures have been annouced publically. Some official US sources list failures in the Soviet programme, although these official listings end in mid-1964. The aviation press often reports rumoured failures, and it is the job of an analyst to try and separate the wheat from the chaff. 相似文献
17.
Henry R. Hertzfeld 《Space Policy》1987,3(2)
Attempts to rebuild US commercial launch capabilities through stimulating private industry will be constrained by the fact that free-market competition does not really exist in the space industry. As the worldwide supply of launch vehicles grows, the policy now offered by the US government is only likely to fragment the US space launch vehicle industry. The author argues in favour of a proposal to establish a quasi-governmental corporation for space launches which would both safeguard the interests of government and commercial users and ensure that business acumen was applied. 相似文献
18.
由于航天飞机存在安全性差和成本太高等缺点,美国正在发展新一代的飞船式载人航天器“机组探测飞行器”(CEV)。与此同时,俄罗斯也在发展自己新的载人航天运输工具,准备用于取代已服役多年的联盟号系列飞船。这种新型飞船称为“快船”,将成为世界上第一种可重复使用的飞船, 相似文献
19.