美国军用航天国际合作有新进展

西方国家军用航天的国际合作最近有趋热之势.美国欲通过"百星"计划和北约组织中的26个盟国一起打造"太空快速反应联盟";澳大利亚将加入美国军用的"宽带全球卫星通信"星座计划的建设,与美国共享先进的军用卫星通信系统;加拿大将用自己的卫星帮助美国监视别国的卫星.     

印度航天介绍(下)

导航卫星 印度空间研究组织官员2006年7月4日与工业界代表举行会议,商讨印度政府关于利用国产组件建设一个独立的卫星导航系统的计划.该项目称为"印度区域导航卫星系统"(IRNSS),已在同年5月9日得到印度政府批准,将在今后5～6年内实施,包含由7～8颗卫星构成的一个星座以及一个大型地面段.将耗资142亿卢比.     

工业和信息化部林森副司长一行到七○八所指导工作

本刊讯2009年新年伊始,工信部军民结合推进司林森副司长、牟宗庆处长、王东调研员等一行来七○八所指导工作。所科技委主任诸一维、有关研究室的领导参加了会议。会议由卿寿松所长主持,魏永刚副所长概述了所的现状与能     

对跑道侵入的分析和建议

引言据统计,空中交通管理中68%的事故发生在地面阶段。2003至2006财政年度,在美国NAS内的500多家机场共计发生了1306次跑道侵入事件,其中有4次导致了发生相撞事故。虽然这4起事故没     

与空间碎片有关的空间环境保护立法研究

自1957年前苏联成功发射第一颗人造卫星以来,人类航天活动得到了突飞猛进的发展.人类航天活动在促进世界经济发展和社会进步的同时,也在外层空间留下了数千个大型物体,数万个中小型碎片和数亿个微粒物质.     

机动弹头中段突防姿态的搜索算法研究

针对弹道导弹在大气层外的机动突防问题,建立了攻防对抗双方的六自由度动力学和运动学模型;研究拦截弹的导引律,对比例导引加以改进,用卡尔曼滤波估计视线角和方位角的变化率估算敌方的飞行信息;研究了机动弹头的智能规避策略,主要对如何确定机动方向展开研究,基于使EKV过载最大化的原则,提出了一种姿态搜索算法.经仿真验证,该算法提高了规避策略的自适应性和鲁棒性,对于增大脱靶量、提高导弹突防概率效果显著.     

第27届IADC会议和第5届欧洲空间碎片会议简介

1 概况第27届iadc(the inter-agency space debris coordination committee,机构间空间碎片协调委员会)会议和第5届欧洲空间碎片会议(the 5th european conference on space debris,ucsd)于2009年3月24日至4月1日在德国达姆斯达特市的欧空局(esa)空间运行控制中心(the european space operations centre,esoc)举行,会议由esa主办,由意大利航天局(asi)、英国航天局(bnsc)、法国航天局(cnes)、德国航天局(dlr)、国际空间研究委员会(cospar)和国际宇航学会(iaa)协办,由esoc承办.     

以色列空袭叙利亚核目标中的网络战

2007年9月6日,以色列空军出动8架F-16和F-15战机,在预警机的指挥下,成功地空袭了叙利亚代尔祖尔地区一处正在建设的核设施,8架飞机安全返航.该战例证明,网络攻击是一种信息作战样式,它可使对方防空系统瘫痪,处于被动挨打而无还手之力局面.从网络对抗角度讨论网络攻击途径及其关键技术.     

新疆苇子峡的见证——21世纪中国首次日全食侧记

日全食,日月台璧,天地混沌,稍纵即逝,比宝石更稀少,比昙花一现更短暂,比电闪雷鸣更精心动魄。它以罕见、惊人的壮美景象,吸引了无数的学者和天文爱好者。2008年8月1日发生的日全食是本世纪我国境内首次可见到的日全食,引起了国内外天文学家和天文爱好者的共同关注。新疆哈密地区伊吾县苇子峡乡作为本次日食的最佳观测地点,在这一天迎来了成千上万从异国他乡远道而来的观测者。大家在这里一起见证了这一令人叹为观止的天象奇观。     

燃气发生器喷注器内氧腔三维流动分析

采用计算流体力学方法数值模拟了某型液体火箭发动机燃气发生器氧腔内部流动,详细分析了氧腔内部的三维流动特性。从压力分布等方面分析了造成喷嘴流量分布不均匀的原因,并据此对发生器结构进行了改进,结果表明喷嘴流量分配均匀性得到了明显改善。     

Inflection points in the development of energy in space

Basing his comments around a report on the Space Power Systems 1997 conference, ‘Energy and Space for Humanity’, held in Montreal, 24-28 August 1997, Richard Boudreault describes the progress made in getting the concept of power from space accepted by the terrestrial utilities. Increasing worries about the sustainability of current power sources together with deregulation of power distribution make space power more attractive. However, the high cost of access to space is a barrier, though this is starting to fall.     

Ariane transfer vehicle in service of man in orbit

The Ariane transfer vehicle (ATV), an Ariane 5 borne, unmanned propulsion vehicle, is designed to transport the logistics needed to resupply the International Space Station (ISS) and the man tended free flyer (MTFF) step 2 with pressurized and unpressurized cargo and to dispose the waste. The ATV is an expendable vehicle and is disposed of by a safe atmospheric burn up. In accordance with the AR5 schedule it should be operational in 1996 for missions toward ISS and beyond the year 2000 for MTFF 2 missions. The main constituents of the proposed ATV are the modified AR5 third stage L5, an upgraded VEB steering the launcher as well as the ATV and the P/L-adaptor providing mechanical and umbilical links to the payload. The mechanical part of the RVD-kit will be placed on the payload-module, the main RVD sensors are located on the adaptor and the needed computer intelligence will be integrated on the VEB. To minimize the development, and recurring costs, the ATV concept fully complies to the idea of maximum use of existing hardware and software, mainly from the AR5, Hermes and Columbus programs thus minimizing development and recurring costs. The ATV is compatible to ISS, MTFF and OMV and is able to transport logistic modules compatible with NSTS and U.S.-expendable launchers.     

Entrapment of bacteria in fluid inclusions in laboratory-grown halite

Cells of the bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa, which were genetically modified to produce green fluorescent protein, were entrapped in fluid inclusions in laboratory-grown halite. The bacteria were used to inoculate NaCl-saturated aqueous solutions, which were allowed to evaporate and precipitate halite. The number, size, and distribution of fluid inclusions were highly variable, but did not appear to be affected by the presence of the bacteria. Many of the inclusions in crystals from inoculated solutions contained cells in populations ranging from two to 20. Microbial attachment to crystal surfaces was neither evident nor necessary for entrapment. Cells occurred exclusively within fluid inclusions and were not present in the crystal matrix. In both the inclusions and the hypersaline solution, the cells fluoresced and twitched, which indicates that the bacteria might have remained viable after entrapment. The fluorescence continued up to 13 months after entrapment, which indicates that little degradation of the bacteria occurred over that time interval. The entrapment, fluorescence, and preservation of cells were independent of the volume of hypersaline solution used or whether the solutions were completely evaporated prior to crystal extraction. The results of this study have a wide range of implications for the long-term survival of microorganisms in fluid inclusions and their detection through petrography. The results also demonstrate the preservation potential for microbes in hypersaline fluid inclusions, which could allow cells to survive harsh conditions of space, the deep geologic past, or burial in sedimentary basins.     

Power law distribution in statistics of failures in operation of spacecraft onboard equipment

The possibility of using the statistics of recurrence time for extreme events is studied in this paper having in mind the problems of control and prediction of failures in spacecraft operation. The information about failures onboard satellites of various types presented by the US National Geophysical Data Center was analyzed. It was found that the probability density of recurrence intervals followed a power law of the Pareto type with an index equal to 2.3. The obtained result is consistent both with the theory of normal catastrophes and with the principle of self-organization of criticality for metastable active heterogeneous environment. A practical consequence of the obtained result consists in the fact that predictions of these extreme events should not rely on traditional models with the second-order Pearson statistics. To make predictions, the models are necessary that take into account the power law distribution of recurrence intervals for failures on satellites. The failures should be considered in these models as extreme events connected with manifestation of the space environment factors.     

航空航天复合材料非热压罐成型研究进展

介绍了复合材料非热压罐成型的研究进展,包括非热罐成型用的树脂体系、预浸料技术、纤维自动铺放技术以及双真空袋成型工艺等,探讨了非热压罐技术的发展现状和前景。     

深空DTN网络中LTP协议的额外传输开销优化

针对深空延迟/中断容忍网络(DTN)能量资源有限,而利克里德传输协议(LTP)段大小对额外传输开销影响明显,需要确定最优的LTP段大小的问题,文章分析了深空DTN网络的数据传输过程,利用深空DTN网络中额外传输开销的数学理论模型,通过求导的方法计算出了LTP段大小的最优值,并得到了最优化问题的解析解。数值仿真结果表明:通过解析解表达式得到的LTP段大小的最优值与该最优化问题的数值解重合,在深空通信时采用此方法,可快速精准地选择LTP段大小,也可大幅减小额外传输开销。     

Current barriers and factors of success in the diffusion of satellite services in Europe

Satellite services benefit civil society by helping tackle challenges such as climate change, the digital divide, etc. They have the potential to deliver concrete benefits to European society through innovative services supporting economic, societal and environmental policies. Such benefits can trigger increased public support for space in Europe. However, this potential has yet to be achieved. This paper argues that technological bias, the diversity of interests and initiatives among stakeholders and their individual actions do not always serve their collective objective to ensure wide diffusion of satellite services. It draws on theories of diffusion of innovation and on its authors' participatory work with the space and the user communities and at their interface in an effort to help diffuse satellite services within civil society. One of the major causes of insufficient service diffusion is the weakness of the interface between the space and user communities; some of factors that currently contribute to this state of affairs are the space community's over-reliance on publicly financed, technical demonstration projects as solutions to service diffusion; insufficient coordination by public authorities of innovation policies and programmes with other public policies and objectives; and an insufficient integration of satellite services within users' culture, traditional tools and services. The discussion allows for conclusions to be drawn on how the system of stakeholders could function better in order for satellite services to be successfully diffused in Europe.     

高等数学教学中数学建模思想的渗透

本文从数学建模及其重要意义角度出发,指出了学习数学建模的必要性和现在数学教学中存在的主要问题。学习高等数学的目的在于应用数学思想方法解决实际问题,将数学建模思想渗透到高等数学课程中,可提高学生应用数学知识和方法解决实际问题的能力,培养学生的数学素养、创新意识、创新精神和能力,从教学内容、教学手段、评价方法等各个环节注重数学建模思想的渗透,使数学建模意识成为学生思考问题的方法和习惯。