光固化巯基-乙烯基硅氮烷陶瓷前驱体制备氮化硅陶瓷

以不同用量的多官能巯基化合物与乙烯基硅氮烷预聚物组成液态光固化体系,经紫外光辐照后固化成聚合物陶瓷前驱体,后经1400℃无压热裂解制备氮化硅。采用热失重（TGA）分析陶瓷前驱体的热解特性,X射线衍射（XRD）分析热解后材料的相组成及晶态结构,场发射枪扫描电子显微镜（SEM）观察和表征材料的微观形貌。陶瓷前驱体在热解过程中分别在325—350℃和475—505℃出现两个失重峰,随着体系中巯基化合物含量的增加,前驱体的热解失重率增加,陶瓷收率降低,最终陶瓷的相对密度下降,结晶度增高,晶粒尺寸增大。经1400℃热解15h,得到部分α-Si3N4晶体;热解24h,得到大量α-Si3N4和少量β-Si3N4的材料,在空洞中发现富氮的细长纤状和片状晶体。     

SiBCN陶瓷前驱体热解机理研究

采用固体NMR和FTIR为主要测试手段对聚硼硅氮烷(PSNB)热解过程中形成的无定型中间体结构进行表征。结合不同温度处理后产物结构的变化将SiBCN前驱体的热解过程分为如下几个阶段:在400℃以下前驱体主要发生转氨基化反应以及Si—H键和N—H键的脱氢耦合反应释放出NH_3和H_2;在400~800℃时,体系中的S—CH_3及其他烃类基团开始发生分子重排并释放出甲烷气体;800~1 000℃,产物进一步发生结构重排形成无定形网络结构。在温度达到1 000℃时体系基本完成陶瓷化转变,此时无定型陶瓷主要由三种成分组成:(1)无定形碳(石墨状);(2)平面BN相;(3)Si—C—N基体(SiC_xN_(4-x)单元,x=0,1,2,3)。     

氮化硼陶瓷前驱体的制备及表征

以三氯化硼和六甲基二硅氮烷为原料制备了聚硼氮烷预聚体,再经高分子化制备了可溶的氮化硼陶瓷前驱体—聚硼氮烷.该法合成工艺简单,反应温和.采用凝胶渗透色谱、核磁共振氢谱、傅里叶红外光谱、热失重分析仪、元素分析等对预聚体高分子化过程中的分子量变化、高分子化机理、聚硼氮烷的裂解过程、所得陶瓷的元素组成进行了研究.结果表明,高分子化过程中主要发生了六甲基二硅氮烷脱除和转氨基反应.所得聚硼氮烷重均分子量为7 582,氮气下1 000℃时的陶瓷产率为41.6 wt％,陶瓷化转变主要发生在400～600℃,800℃时陶瓷化转变基本进行完毕,800℃氨气下裂解得到低C含量的白色氮化硼陶瓷,进一步在1 500℃氩气中裂解可得到结晶度较高的氮化硼陶瓷.     

含炔基有机硅杂化聚合物的合成及热稳定性

采用双乙炔基封端的硅氮烷单体(双(4-乙炔基苯胺基) 二苯基硅烷,M1) 与含不同二甲基硅基
结构单元[—Si( CH3 )2—,—Si( CH3 )2—O—Si( CH3 )2—和—Si( CH3 )2—O—Si( CH3 )2—O—Si( CH3 )2—] 的
双溴苯基封端单体进行Sonogashira 交叉偶联反应,制备出一系列含炔基有机硅杂化聚合物。通过红外( FTIR)
、核磁氢谱(1H-NMR) 和凝胶渗透色谱( GPC) 对聚合物的结构和分子量进行了表征,并采用热重分析
(TGA)对聚合物的热性能进行了研究。结果表明,二甲基硅基结构的引入显著提高聚合物的溶解性,各组聚
合物均展现出良好的热稳定性能,其中引入—Si(CH3)2—结构的聚合物具有相对最好的热稳定性。     

硅氧氮陶瓷先驱体的合成及表征

以MeViSiCl2、MeHSiCl2和MeSiCl3为原料,采用先部分水解再氨解的方法制备了硅氧氮陶瓷先驱体.利用FT-IR、1H-NMR、29Si-NMR、GPC以及TGA对聚合物先驱体的结构和热性能进行了表征.结果表明:合成的硅氧氮烷在DCP固化2 h后具有77.7%的陶瓷产率.     

SiBAlON陶瓷前驱体的制备与裂解

以聚铝氧烷为铝源,聚硼硅氮烷兼作硼源和硅源,共混得到SiBAlON陶瓷前驱体,经高温裂解得到SiBAlON陶瓷。采用TGA和XRD对SiBAlON前驱体的裂解行为及陶瓷产物晶相结构进行表征。结果表明,Al的引入降低了陶瓷的结晶温度,当陶瓷中的Al含量为10wt%时,1 300℃处理后析出β-Si_3N_4晶体,1 500℃时,陶瓷中的Al和O与无定型的Si-N结合生成出现Si_2N_2O和Si_3Al_3O_(3+1.5x)N_(5-x)结晶,1 700℃时Al和O与结晶的β-Si_3N_4固溶生成β’-SiAlON结晶,最终陶瓷产物晶相组成为Si_2N_2O/Si_3Al_3O_(3+1.5x)N_(5-x)/β’-SiAlON。对陶瓷的介电性能进行研究表明,温度1 000℃时,其介电常数和介电损耗较为稳定,分别约为3和0.004。     

碳硼烷酚醛树脂的合成及性能研究

以m-碳硼烷为原料,通过Ullmann反应和脱甲基反应获得1,7-二(4-羟基苯基)-m-碳硼烷(1),进一步得到热固性的碳硼烷酚醛树脂(preP1),研究了反应温度、反应时间、摩尔比、催化剂种类和用量对碳硼烷酚醛树脂合成的影响。通过1H-NMR、FTIR等标准方法表征了单体和树脂的结构,并研究了固化物的热失重性能和高温结构转变行为。结果表明,催化剂为NaOH、控制和条件为100℃/8h时,得到数均分子量(M n)为1035的preP1,HRMS分析表明其主要成分为羟甲基化碳硼烷双酚A。preP1固化产物在氮气和空气气氛下900℃时的残炭率分别为88.9%和92.9%,远高于市售硼酚醛固化物。空气中preP1在685℃时B—H键与氧气反应生成含B—O—B键的三维网状结构,因此固化物发生明显增重。     

Si3N4—SiC纤维先驱体——低分子量聚硅氮烷的合成与分析

以ＭｅＳｉＣｌ２（式中Ｍｅ代表ＣＨ３）或共混合物与ＮＨ３反应制得低分子量聚硅氮烷，该产物是制备Ｓｉ３Ｎ４－ＳｉＣ纤维先驱体的基本原料。研究了不同配比的Ｍｅ２ＳｉＣｌ２／ＭｅＳｉＨＣｌ２混合物氨解反应所需的时间，氨解产物的物理性能、分子量及其分布，着重要分析了氨解产物的结构。     

PIP 法制备SiBN 纤维增强氮化物陶瓷基复合材料Ⅰ———纤维和先驱体性能分析

利用先驱体聚合物浸渍-裂解(PIP)技术制备SiBN纤维增强氮化物陶瓷基复合材料,对SiBN纤维、聚硅硼氮烷有机先驱体裂解以及SiBN纤维增强氮化物陶瓷基复合材料性能进行了分析。研究表明:聚硅硼氮烷先驱体在氨气气氛下裂解得到的陶瓷产物碳含量较低,其裂解产物介电常数在3.0左右,介电损耗小于0.01;SiBN纤维中C和O元素含量均较高,碳的存在对材料介电性能影响明显;制备的氮化物陶瓷基复合材料弯曲强度为88.52 MPa,弹性模量为20.03 GPa。     

Si_3N_4－SiC纤维先驱体──低分子量聚硅氮烷的合成与分析

以Ｍｅ_２ＳｉＣｌ_２、ＭｅＳｉＨＣｌ_２（式中Ｍｅ代表ＣＨ_３）或其混合物与ＮＨ_３反应制得低分子量聚硅氮烷，该产物是制备Ｓｉ_３Ｎ_４－ＳｉＣ纤维先驱体的基本原料。研究了不同配比的Ｍｅ_２ＳｉＣｌ_２／ＭｅＳｉＨＣｌ_２混合物氨解反应所需的时间，氨解产物的物理性能、分子量及其分布，着重分析了氨解产物的结构。     

The effect of inlet conditions on the flow and heat transfer in multiple rotating cavity with axial throughflow

This paper discusses experimental results from two different build configurations of a heated multiple rotating cavity test rig.Measurements of heat transfer from the discs and tangential velocities are presented.The test rig is a 70% full scale version of a high pressure compressor stack of an axial gas turbine engine.Of particular interest are the internal cylindrical cavities formed by adjacent discs and the interaction of these with a central axial throughflow of cooling air.Tests were carried out for a range of non-dimensional parameters representative of high pressure compressor internal air system flows(Re up to 5×106 and Rez up to 2×105).Two different builds have been tested.The most significant difference between these two build configurations is the size of the annular gap between the(non-rotating) drive shaft and the bores of the discs.The heat transfer data were obtained from thermocouple measurements of surface temperature and a conduction solution method.The velocity measurements were made using a two component,LDA system.The heat transfer results from the discs show differences between the two builds.This is attributed to the wider annular gap allowing more of the throughflow to penetrate into the cavity.There are also significant differences between the radial distributions of tangential velocity in the two builds of the test rig.For the narrow annular gap,there is an increase of non-dimensional tangential velocity V/Ωr with radial location to solid body rotation V/Ωr=1.For the wider annular gap,the non-dimensional velocities show a decrease with radial location to solid body rotation.      

Research on Auto-detection for Remainder Particles of Aerospace Relay Based on Wavelet Analysis

Aerospace relay is one kind of electronic components which is used widely in national defense system and aerospace system. The existence of remainder particles induces the reliability declining, which has become a severe problem in the development of aerospace relay. Traditional particle impact noise detection (PIND) method for remainder detection is ineffective for small particles, due to its low precision and involvement of subjective factors. An auto-detection method for PIND output signals is proposed in this paper, which is based on direct wavelet de-noising (DWD), cross-correlation analysis (CCA) and homo-filtering (HF), the method enhances the affectiv-ity of PIND test about the small particles. In the end, some practical PIND output signals are analysed, and the validity of this new method is proved.     

Preparation of Highly Dispersed Antimony-doped Tin Oxide Nano-powder via Ion-exchange Hydrolysis of SnCl4 and SbCl3 and Azeotropic Drying

Antimony-doped tin hydroxide colloid precipitates have been synthesized by hydrolysis of SnCl4 and SbCl3 using: (1) an ion-exchange hydrolysis to remove chlorine ions, and (2) isoamyl acetate as an azeotropic solvent to obviate water. The obtained dried powder is of high dispersivity without any need for further grinding. The size and dispersivity of the final particles are investigated with the aid of TG-DTA, BET, XRD and TEM. After having calcined, the antimony-doped tin oxide nanopowder possesses a tetragonal rutile structure with high dispersivity, uniform particles and low hard agglomeration.     

Effects of Mo on the Microstructure and Hydrogen Sorption Properties of Ti-Mo Getters

The effects of Mo on the microstructure evolution, porosity and hydrogen sorption properties of Ti-Mo getters are investigated in this work. The results show that the addition of Mo prolongs the densification process of Ti-Mo getters and results in a significant amount of sintered pores. With the Mo content increasing, the porosity of getters firstly increases reaching the maximum value as it at- tains about 7.5wt.%, and then drops. At the room temperature, the hydrogen sorption property of getters increases progressively with the Mo content increasing, but the tendency is not very clear before its content lies below 2.5wt.%. When the Mo content achieves about 7.5wt.%, the hydrogen sorption property proves to be the best. The discussion is made about the above mentioned phenomena inclusive of hydrogen sorption properties of getters under different activation conditions (from 500-750 ℃).     

超声速燃烧数值模拟中的湍流与化学反应相互作用模型

高精度数值模拟有助于理解超声速湍流燃烧中湍流与化学反应的相互作用,可为发动机燃烧室等工程应用设计提供可靠的预测模型。除直接数值模拟外,目前在湍流燃烧应用中使用的大涡模拟和雷诺平均Navier-Stokes模拟均需要借助模型模化发生在湍流小尺度上的流动与化学反应过程对湍流大尺度运动的影响。现有的湍流与化学反应相互作用模型大致可分为:火焰面类模型和概率密度函数类模型,2类模型在不同的应用中各自具有优势和局限性。此外,现有模型大都基于低马赫数燃烧,而超声速燃烧中通常会伴随快速混合、局部熄火和再着火以及激波等复杂过程,这为发展其中的湍流与化学反应相互作用模型提出了更多的挑战。     

适于低轨卫星IP网络的单核共享树组播算法(英文)

为了解决低轨卫星IP网络中现有典型源组播算法的信道资源浪费问题,本文提出了一套单核共享树组播算法,即核心群合并共享树(CCST)和加权核心群合并共享树(w-CCST)算法。CCST 算法包括动态近似中心(DAC)选核方法和核心群合并组播路径构建方法。DAC方法专为周期、规律运动的低轨卫星网络提出,不需要复杂的星上计算。在核心群合并方法中,以核节点作为初始核心群,通过核心群和剩余组成员的最短路径方法逐步扩展直至整棵组播树构建完成,从而使得组播树的树代价最小,大大提高了网络的带宽利用率和组播传输效率。w-CCST 算法中所提出的加权因子可以调整树代价和端到端传播时延之间的折衷程度,因此,可以通过调整加权因子来适度增大树代价、降低端到端传播时延以支持某些端到端时延要求苛刻的实时组播业务。最后,与低轨卫星 IP 网络中典型算法进行了性能比较,仿真结果说明,CCST 算法的平均树代价比其它算法显著降低,w-CCST 算法的平均端到端传播时延小于 CCST 算法。     

Jet Vectoring Control Using a Novel Synthetic Jet Actuator

A primary air jet vectoring control system with a novel synthetic jet actuator (SJA) is presented and simulated numerically. The results show that, in comparison with an existing traditional synthetic jet actuator, which is able to perform the duty of either “push” or “pull”, one novel synthetic jet actuator can fulfill both “push” and “pull” functions to vector the primary jet by shifting a slide block inside it. Therefore, because the new actuator possesses greater efficiency, it has potentiality to replace the existing one in various appli- cations, such as thrust vectoring and the reduction of thermal signature. Moreover, as the novel actuator can fulfill those functions that the existing one can not, it may well be expected to popularize it into more flow control systems.     

Nonlinear Adaptive Slewing Motion Control of Spacecraft Truss Driven by Synchronous V-gimbaled CMG Precession

The slewing motion control of a truss arm driven by a V-gimbaled control-moment-gyro (CMG) is a nonlinear control problem. The V-gimbaled CMG consists of a pair of gyros that must precess synchronously. The moment of inertia of the system, the angular momentum of the gyros and the external disturbances are not exactly known. With the help of feedback linearization and recursive Lyapunov design method, an adaptive nonlinear controller is designed to deal with the unknown items. Performance of the proposed controller is verified by simulation.     

An SOR Implicit Time-accurate Scheme in Calculating Unsteady Flows

A new time-accurate marching scheme for unsteady flow calculations is proposed in the present work. This method is the combination of classical Successive Over-Relaxation (SOR) iteration method and Jacobian matrix diagonally dominant splitting method of LUSGS. One advantage of this algorithm is the second-order accuracy because of no factorization error. Another advantage is the low computational cost because the Jacobian matrices and fluxes are only calculated once in each physical time step. And, the SOR algorithm has better convergence property than Gauss-Seidel. To investigate its accuracy and convergency, several unsteady flow computa- tional tests are carried out by using the proposed SOR algorithm. Roe’s FDS scheme is used to discritize the inviscid flux terms. Un- steady computational results of SOR are compared with the experiment results and those of Gauss-Seidel. Results reveal that the numerical results agree well with the experimental data and the second-order accuracy can be obtained as the Gauss-Seidel for unsteady flow computations. The impact of SOR factor is investigated for unsteady computations by using different SOR factors in this algorithm to simulate each computational test. Different numbers of inner iterations are needed to converge to the same criterion for different SOR factors and optimal choice of SOR factor can improve the computational efficiency greatly.