新概念脉冲爆震发动机研究的最新进展

论述了新概念脉冲爆震发动机的工作原理、热力循环方式、优点及应用范围 ,对国外脉冲爆震发动机的最新研究进展和存在的问题进行了综述 ,介绍了作者在脉冲爆震发动机探索性研究方面的主要成果 :修正了比冲计算公式 ;发展了一种新的低能量 (5 0mJ)单级起爆系统 ;采用爆震性较差的液体燃料C8H1 6/空气混合物 ,在国际上 ,首次成功地进行了两相脉冲爆震发动机原理性试验 ,所测量的爆震波压力比非常接近充分发展的C -J爆震 ,说明已获得了充分发展的两相脉冲爆震波 ;实验研究了脉冲爆震发动机的直径和爆震频率对其性能的影响 ;突破了将脉冲爆震发动机长度缩短到 1m ,爆震频率提高到 36Hz的关键技术     

国外脉冲爆震发动机技术研究

本文介绍了脉冲爆震发动机（PDE）的基本概念、工作原理、性能优势、应用前景,以及面临的技术挑战,其中重点介绍了混合脉冲爆震发动机技术。此外,还对目前国外在脉冲爆震发动机研究领域的进展进行了综述。     

基于爆震燃烧的新概念发动机脉冲爆震发动机技术的发展

脉冲爆震发动机(PDE)是21世纪最有前途的革命性航空航天动力之一。它基于爆震燃烧的新概念,具有结构简单、尺寸小、适用范围广、成本低等优点,推重比可达20。PDE既可用作导弹、靶机、诱饵机和无人机的动力,也可用作桨尖喷气旋翼机的动力,未来还有可能用作军民用飞机甚至太空飞行器的推进装置。目前,以美国为首的不少国家都投入经费和制定计划开展PDE的研究     

脉冲爆震发动机综述

概述了脉冲爆震发动机(PDE)发展历程、工作原理、热力循环方式、特点、主要形式以及应用前景等。同时,对未来PDE的研究内容和发展途径进行展望。就PDE工作过程中,缩短爆震向爆燃转变(DDT)距离和爆震腔高温高压环境等问题进行分析并给出了一些解决方案和探索方向。     

脉冲爆震发动机爆震声音信号分析

通过爆震试验测得了爆震声音数据。对单次爆震的声音数据进行傅里叶变换发现,爆震声音数据中包含了与压力数据中同样的主频和多倍频,说明一直作为噪声处理的爆震声音数据可以用来辅助分析爆震发动机性能,对爆震分析和故障诊断起到积极作用。     

脉冲爆震发动机爆震室起爆研究

根据脉冲爆震发动机（PDE）的概念、工作原理,分析了爆震燃烧的特点和起爆方法,研究了可燃气体在空气中存在的爆炸极限,分析了应用爆炸极限理论引发爆震的可行性。设计了航空煤油和空气作为起爆能源的爆震室,为了提高爆震成功率,爆震室油气混合气按照爆炸极限混合。定量计算了化学恰当比的航空煤油完全燃烧放出的热量以及爆震室最终温度和压力,分析了反应混合物浓度和起爆的关系。     

脉冲爆震火箭发动机试验

采用航空煤油／氧气为推进剂的脉冲爆震火箭发动机（PDRE）试验模型,进行了有关两相爆震起爆、稳定可控工作、爆燃向爆震转变机理、PDRE可爆范围、加与不加尾喷管时性能测试等方面的实验研究。结果表明,设计的PDRE模型能实现稳定、可控、高频工作,性能接近理论值。各种尾喷管均具有性能增益,其中以收敛喷管增益最大,达18％。     

脉冲爆震涡轮发动机研究进展

介绍了脉冲爆震涡轮发动机的基本概念、主要结构形式以及基本特点.详细介绍了国内外研究状况及课题组的最新研究进展,对脉冲爆震涡轮发动机需要突破的关键技术、主要研究内容以及发展途径进行了探讨.研究表明:相比于传统的涡轮喷气发动机,脉冲爆震涡轮发动机的耗油率能降低5%~15%;在相同的燃烧室入口条件下,与等压燃烧驱动涡轮相比,用脉冲爆震燃烧驱动涡轮时的涡轮的单位输出功率要高;实现了由脉冲爆震燃烧室驱动涡轮,涡轮带动压气机给脉冲爆震燃烧室供气的自吸气模式,表明用脉冲爆震燃烧室代替传统等压燃烧室是完全可行的.     

脉冲爆震发动机数值模拟

为了获得脉冲爆震发动机(PDE)工作过程数值模拟技术,发展了DET2D程序,并以美国海军研究生院的气动阀式PDE为研究对象,进行了整机数值模拟。结果显示:所发展程序稳定、高效,可以用于多脉冲PDE流场的数值模拟及吸气式PDE数值模拟。通过计算,验证了PDE的工作原理和所发展程序的正确性。     

Signal-to-Noise Ratio Calculations in Pulse and Pulse Doppler Radars

In low pulse-repetition frequency (PRF) pulse radars, signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) is usually calculated on a per pulse basis and this value is then multiplied by the number of pulses integrated to obtain the SNR for a given duration of target illumination. In high PRF pulse Doppler radars, SNR is usually calculated by using the centerline power of the transmitted signal spectrum as the target return power because the centerline is kept in the receiver and returns of the PRF lines are notched out [1]. We show here that both methods of SNR calculations are entirely equivalent for matched transmit-receive radar systems.     

Pulse tube refrigerators

Interest in the pulse tube comes from its potential for high reliability and low level of induced vibration.A numerical model has been developed to provide a tool for practical design. It has been successfully validated against the experimental results obtained with a single stage double inlet pulse tube which has achieved a temperature of 28 K at a frequency of a few Hz.Further developments have demonstrated the capability of operating a pulse tube at higher frequencies in association with a Stirling pressure oscillator.Current projects include coaxial geometry for miniature pulse tubes with linear resonant pressure oscillators. A 4K multistaged pulse tube is also in development.     

Overlapping Pulse Trains

An event happens the first time several periodic pulse trains all overlap (are all ?on?) simultaneously. Assuming that all pulse trains are randomly located with respect to each other, it is argued that the time required is approximately an exponential random variable. A formula for the mean of this time and the results of some tests by computer simulation are given.     

Doppler Compensation & Single Pulse Imaging using Adaptive Pulse Compression

The effects of target Doppler are addressed in relation to adaptive receive processing for radar pulse compression. To correct for Doppler-induced filter mismatch over a single pulse, the Doppler-compensated adaptive pulse compression (DC-APC) algorithm is presented whereby the respective Doppler shifts for large target returns are jointly estimated with the illuminated range profile and subsequently incorporated into the original APC adaptive receive filter formulation. As a result, the Doppler-mismatch-induced range sidelobes can be suppressed thereby regaining a significant portion of the sensitivity improvement that is possible when applying adaptive pulse compression (APC) without the existence of significant Doppler mismatch. In contrast, instead of compensating for Doppler mismatch, the single pulse imaging (SPI) algorithm generalizes the APC formulation for a bank of Doppler-shifted matched filters thereby producing a sidelobe-suppressed range-Doppler image from the return signal of a single radar pulse which is applicable for targets with substantial variation in Doppler. Both techniques are based on the recently proposed APC algorithm and its generalization, the multistatic adaptive pulse compression (MAPC) algorithm, which have been shown to be effective for the suppression of pulse compression range sidelobes thus dramatically increasing the sensitivity of pulse compression radar.     

Target Track Pulse Scheduling

The problem of scheduling radar tracking pulses in a dense target environment where the position estimation error must be constrained to avoid false return with track correlations is considered. The problem is to schedule n fixed energy pulses such that the rangerate error is minimized at some final time subject to the constraint that the position error will be smaller than some value for the whole time interval. For a fixed time interval, the problem of finding the minimum number of radar measurements required to satisfy the position estimation error constraint is solved. A closed-form solution for the optimum schedule is given in the case where the number of pulses is equal to the minimum number of pulses. For cases where one extra pulse is available, a solution method is described and an algorithm is derived.     

Pulse Doppler Ambiguity Resolution

A mathematical algorithm using the method of invariant imbedding is developed which generates a best ￡2 estimate of range and range rate from pulse Doppler data.     

Pulse Synchronizing DC-to-DC Converter

The new dc-to-dc converter driven by the external pulse is presented. The principle is based on the synchronizing phenomenon in the transistor core multivibrator. There are the voltage feed- back in the OFF interval and the current feedback in the ON interval. The flux of the saturable core is changed along the minor hysteresis loop. The operations are explained by the aid of the averaged method of the state space technique. The efficiency of this converter is high and the construction is very simple.     

脉冲电解加工技术及其在模具加工中的应用

简述了大电流矩形波脉冲电源的基本特点;介绍了脉冲电解机床及加工工艺概况;列举了脉冲电解加工工艺在模具加工中的应用实例.     

Pulse Compression in Optical Radar

An analysis of the application of pulse-compression techniques in optical radar systems is presented. The particular case of pseudorandom on-off amplitude coding is chosen for ease of analysis. The roles of the siqnal and photodetector properties and the processing method are examined. The qualitative relationship between the concepts of coherent and incoherent integration in microwave radar and linear and nonlinear processing in optical radar is demonstrated, thus validating the application of pulse-compression techniques with optical signals. Finally, an experimental simulation of an optical rangefinder has been constructed to illustrate various findings of the analysis.     

Adaptive Pulse Doppler Ambiguity Resolution

This paper demonstrates and tests a new algorithm for extracting velocity information from a pulse Doppler radar signal. The system is adaptive and performs weil in the presence of target scintillation. This paper also shows a special steady-state version of the adaptive algorithm. lt is computationally attractive and produces near optimal velocity estimates.