高温下取向对DD6单晶高温合金低周疲劳寿命的影响

对 76 0℃和 980℃两种温度下 [0 0 1],[0 11]和 [111]三种取向的DD6单晶高温合金的低周疲劳寿命进行了实验研究。结果表明 ,取向对其低周疲劳寿命有重要影响 ,[0 0 1]取向的寿命最高 ,[111]取向的寿命最低 ,通过引入应力幅值 ,可以在很大程度上消除取向的影响     

一种考虑各向异性的DD6单晶高温合金低周疲劳寿命预测方法

为研究DD6单晶合金低周疲劳性能,准确预测其低周疲劳寿命,基于循环损伤累积(CDA)寿命模型,引入取向系数,提出一种考虑晶体取向的CDA寿命修正模型,并对DD6单晶合金试棒进行了760℃低周疲劳试验。利用CDA寿命修正模型与Coffin-Manson寿命预测模型对试验数据进行分析、比较得到:DD6单晶合金低周疲劳性能[001]取向最优,[011]取向次之,[111]取向最差;CDA寿命修正模型在各晶体取向寿命预测分散性皆优于Coffin-Manson寿命预测模型,具有更好的预测精度;CDA寿命修正模型综合考虑取向相关系数对各取向低周疲劳寿命的影响,具有更广泛的适用性。     

非对称循环载荷下镍基单晶合金低周疲劳寿命预测

在680℃温度下进行[001]、[011]和[111]三种取向的DD3单晶合金光滑试样非对称循环载荷低周疲劳试验,结果表明,晶体取向对DD3单晶合金的应变疲劳寿命有显著的影响,[001]取向寿命最长,[111]取向寿命最短.用晶体取向函数修正总应变范围可以在很大程度上消除晶体取向对疲劳寿命的影响.引人参量k表示载荷循环特性对疲劳寿命的影响,它与循环寿命之间呈幂函数关系.根据影响单晶叶片低周疲劳寿命的主要因素,提出循环塑性应变能的计算方法,构成塑性应变能的主要因素应包括总应变范围、取向函数和载荷循环特性等影响参量,它们与塑性应变能之间呈幂函数关系.用塑性应变能作为损伤参量导出单晶合金低周疲劳寿命预测模型,利用低周疲劳试验数据进行多元线性回归分析,所有试验数据均落在2.6倍偏差的分布带内.     

单晶镍基高温合金在600～760℃下的低循环疲劳行为

研究[001]晶体取向的第二代单晶镍基高温合金DD6中温段下的低循环疲劳行为,实验温度为600℃,650℃,700℃和760℃,应变比为–1。结果表明:在此温度范围内,合金呈现循环硬化特性;随着温度的升高,[001]晶体取向DD6合金的弹性模量有所降低,合金的应变-寿命关系与温度相关。采用考虑温度影响修正的循环损伤累积(CDA)模型对[001]晶体取向DD6合金在中温段下的低循环疲劳寿命进行统一预测,预测寿命值位于实验结果的±3倍分散带以内。     

基于刚度降模型的复合材料层合板疲劳寿命估算

基于有限元方法,把层合板的疲劳失效看作是单元刚度退化、应力重新分布和单元损伤不断累积的动态过程,提出了一种复合材料层合板疲劳寿命估算方法。利用MSC．Patran／Nastran建立了层合板有限元模型,进行了[0/90]4S和[-60／0／60]3S两种铺层方式的数值分析,静强度和疲劳寿命预测值与文献中的试验结果吻合较好。     

镍基单晶合金气冷叶片模拟试样的蠕变性能研究

对带孔和不带孔的某第二代镍基单晶合金平板试样进行了蠕变性能试验研究与有限元对比计算.高温蠕变试验表明, 平板试样的晶体取向和是否开孔对蠕变寿命有明显的影响.气膜孔导致蠕变寿命的降低, 对[001]取向的影响大于[111]取向.在高温低应力条件下, [001]取向的蠕变性能要优于[111]取向.有限元分析结果表明, 气膜孔改变了试样中的应力分布, 在孔附近产生了高应力, 导致模拟试验蠕变寿命的降低.有限元计算蠕变持久寿命与试验结果吻合, 说明采用基于分切应力的蠕变持久寿命计算模型是合理的.      

基于临界平面法的镍基单晶高温合金高周疲劳寿命模型

由于目前,国外已经基于八面体滑移系,采用临界平面法对镍基单晶高温合金〈001〉取向的高周疲劳寿命进行预测.然而,该方法未考虑〈111〉取向受载时滑移系参量的特点,所以不能较准确地预测镍基单晶高温合金〈111〉取向的高周疲劳寿命.为此,选取临界平面时综合考虑六面体、八面体滑移系,选定疲劳参量最大的滑移面作为临界平面,采用SSR(shear stress range),CCB(Chu-Conle-Bonnen),Walls寿命模型进行镍基单晶高温合金高周疲劳寿命预测,并根据800℃下DD6镍基单晶高温合金〈001〉,〈011〉,〈111〉3个取向的高周疲劳试验结果,对寿命模型的预测精度进行验证.结果表明:当基于两种滑移系预测镍基单晶高温合金的高周疲劳寿命时,寿命模型的拟合系数可达到0.9134.      

DD6单晶合金循环蠕变性能研究

采用含与不含气膜孔平板试样,研究了[001]、[011]和[111]晶体取向在980℃不同保载时间和应力条件下的镍基单晶合金DD6的循环蠕变性能。研究发现,DD6单晶合金的高温蠕变疲劳性能存在明显的方向性,试样形状及表面状态是影响单晶合金寿命的重要因素,特别是气膜孔的存在显著地降低了材料的循环蠕变寿命;不含气膜孔平板试样蠕变损伤起主要作用,含气膜孔平板试样疲劳损伤起主要作用。同时,在高温条件下,不同保载时间的蠕变和疲劳损伤对试件的破坏起重要作用,蠕变与疲劳的交互作用会大大缩短材料的使用寿命。     

铺层方式对CFRP-Al胶接接头疲劳行为的影响

通过Abaqus建立铺层方式为[0/90]_4s、[0/45/-45/90]_2s、[45/-45]_4s的碳纤维增强复合材料(CFRP)-铝合金单搭接胶接接头有限元仿真模型，使用循环内聚力模型(CCZM)模拟胶层的损伤演化过程，通过分析接头的刚度退化、裂纹扩展以及应力分布情况，探究铺层方式对CFRP-铝合金胶接接头疲劳行为的影响。将接头的疲劳寿命试验值与仿真值进行对比，验证该模型的有效性。结果表明：从[0/90]_4s到[0/45/-45/90]_2s再到[45/-45]_4s，随着CFRP层合板中±45°铺层所占比例的增加，接头损伤累积阶段占全部疲劳寿命的比例逐渐减小，疲劳裂纹扩展阶段占比逐渐增加。CFRP-铝合金胶接接头应力主要通过纤维由CFRP端向铝合金端传播，且在±45°铺层的交叉处出现的应力集中破坏了裂纹扩展速率沿搭接宽度方向的均匀性，随着±45°铺层所占比例的增加，接头搭接区域沿宽度方向的中部裂纹扩展速率与两侧区域的裂纹扩展速率差逐渐增大，胶层破坏所呈现...     

高温下拉伸保载对DD6单晶合金低周疲劳行为的影响

对[001]取向的DD6单晶合金在760℃和980℃两个温度下的低周疲劳行为进行了研究。结果表明,拉伸保载使得两个温度下的低周疲劳寿命都有不同程度的降低;在蠕变／疲劳过程中,DD6合金的微观变形机制主要表现为基体中的位错以位错对的形式切入γ'粒子中,而拉伸峰值中的保载使得切入γ'粒子中的位错有较充分的时间长大。     

有翼高超声速再入飞行器气动设计难点问题

有翼高超声速再入飞行器是近年来的研究热点,气动设计是飞行器设计的关键。为了更清楚地认识有翼高超声速再入飞行器气动设计的难点问题,对有翼高超声速再入飞行器的发展、优势及总体任务剖面进行了介绍,从5个方面详细介绍了该类飞行器气动设计的难点问题,包括多约束复杂面对称气动布局设计、高温真实气体效应对气动特性影响、天地差异与天地换算方法、反作用控制系统(RCS)喷流干扰对气动特性的影响以及气动数据不确定度等,简要阐明了这些难点问题对总体设计的重要性以及初步的解决思路,为有翼高超声速再入飞行器气动设计提供了一些参考。     

Simulation and Analysis of Crashworthiness of Fuel Tank for Helicopters

Crashworthiness requirement of fuel tanks is one of the important requirements in helicopter designs. The relations among the protection frame, textile layer and rubber layer of the fuel tank are introduced. Two appropriate FE models are established, one is for an uncovered helicopter fuel tank without protection frame, and the other is for fuel tank with protection frame. The dynamic responses of the two types of fuel tanks impinging on the ground with velocities of 17.3 m/s are numerically simulated for the purpose of analyzing energy-absorbing capabilities of the textile layer and protection frame. The feasibility of the current crashworthiness design of the fuel tank is examined though comparing the dynamic response behaviors of the two fuel tanks.     

The effect of inlet conditions on the flow and heat transfer in multiple rotating cavity with axial throughflow

This paper discusses experimental results from two different build configurations of a heated multiple rotating cavity test rig.Measurements of heat transfer from the discs and tangential velocities are presented.The test rig is a 70% full scale version of a high pressure compressor stack of an axial gas turbine engine.Of particular interest are the internal cylindrical cavities formed by adjacent discs and the interaction of these with a central axial throughflow of cooling air.Tests were carried out for a range of non-dimensional parameters representative of high pressure compressor internal air system flows(Re up to 5×106 and Rez up to 2×105).Two different builds have been tested.The most significant difference between these two build configurations is the size of the annular gap between the(non-rotating) drive shaft and the bores of the discs.The heat transfer data were obtained from thermocouple measurements of surface temperature and a conduction solution method.The velocity measurements were made using a two component,LDA system.The heat transfer results from the discs show differences between the two builds.This is attributed to the wider annular gap allowing more of the throughflow to penetrate into the cavity.There are also significant differences between the radial distributions of tangential velocity in the two builds of the test rig.For the narrow annular gap,there is an increase of non-dimensional tangential velocity V/Ωr with radial location to solid body rotation V/Ωr=1.For the wider annular gap,the non-dimensional velocities show a decrease with radial location to solid body rotation.      

突破技术趋同，波音再现竞争优势

 波音公司面临着来自空客公司的巨大挑战,企业战略性创新才是公司成功的关键。为此波音公司的全部战略性研究集中在扩大产品的差异性上,体现在3个方面：电子化（e-Enabled）运营环境、整体复合材料机身部件的制造技术和支持波音787客机的全球协同环境（GCE）。     

临近空间飞行器测控与信息传输系统频段选择

 临近空间飞行器是高性能信息化武器平台,测控（TT&;C）与信息传输系统是其信息保障的核心,而选择合理、可行的频段是展开系统设计的前提和基础。频段选择影响到整个技术方案的制定,是一个需综合考虑、影响深远并具有战略意义的关键问题,从国际电联（ITU）国际标准、高速数传、接收信噪比（SNR）、“三抗”、超视距中继、黑障、雨衰以及设备研制成熟度8个方面全面、细致论证了近空间平台测控系统的频段选择问题,最终得出在视距链路中以Ka频段为宜,在超视距链路中以Ku/Ka双频段为宜的结论。     

基于弯曲激波压缩系统的高超声速进气道反设计研究进展

总结了近十年来弯曲激波压缩研究的主要成果。提出了弯曲激波压缩系统的新概念,即利用特殊设计的楔形弯曲压缩面或空间弯曲压缩面,产生一系列与前缘弱激波相互交汇或叠加的压缩波系,从而使前缘激波弯曲,形成特殊的弯曲激波,它与波后的等熵压缩波来共同完成对气流的压缩。在此基础上,实现了由给定出口气动参数的超声速内流道反设计,实现了由给定压缩面压力分布和给定压缩面马赫数分布要求的型面反设计,实现了由给定激波波面的压缩型面反设计。研究证明,弯曲压缩面-弯曲激波压缩系统具有良好的综合气动性能,为高性能高超声速进气系统的气动设计提供了一种全新的设计方法。     

Experimental Study on Effects of Fuel Injection on Scramjet Combustor Performance

In order to investigate the effects of fuel injection distribution on the scramjet combustor performance, there are conducted three sets of test on a hydrocarbon fueled direct-connect scramjet test facility. The results of Test A, whose fuel injection is carried out with injectors located on the top-wall and the bottom-wall, show that the fuel injection with an appropriate close-front and centralized distribution would be of much help to optimize combustor performances. The results of Test B, whose fuel injection is performed at the optimal injection locations found in Test A, with a given equivalence ratio and different injection proportions for each injector, show that this injection mode is of little benefit to improve combustor performances. The results of Test C with a circumferential fuel injection distribution displaies the possibility of ameliorating combustor performance. By analyzing the effects of injection location parameters on combustor performances on the base of the data of Test C, it is clear that the injector location has strong coupled influences on combus- tor performances. In addition, an inner-force synthesis specific impulse is used to reduce the errors caused by the disturbance of fuel supply and working state of air heater while assessing combustor performances.     

(高)超声速流动试验技术及研究进展

近年来,与高速飞行器相关的(高)超声速流动受到了极大的关注。这类流动所具有的非定常性、强梯度和可压缩性对试验方法和风洞设计技术提出了挑战。超声速纳米示踪平面激光散射(NPLS)技术是由作者所在团队研发的非接触光学测试技术。它能够以较高的空间分辨率来揭示超声速三维流场的一个瞬态剖面的时间解析的流动结构。介绍了NPLS技术以及基于NPLS开发的密度场测量、雷诺应力测量和气动光学波前测量等方法,并回顾了这些技术在超声速边界层、超声速混合层、超声速压缩拐角、激波/边界层相互作用和光学头罩绕流等流动中的应用,清晰地再现了边界层、混合层、激波等典型流场结构及其时空演化特性。另外,为了模拟和研究高空大气条件下边界层自然转捩和超声速混合层的转捩特性,介绍了高超声速静风洞、超-超混合层风洞的设计技术以及层流化喷管的设计方法。     

Research on Auto-detection for Remainder Particles of Aerospace Relay Based on Wavelet Analysis

Aerospace relay is one kind of electronic components which is used widely in national defense system and aerospace system. The existence of remainder particles induces the reliability declining, which has become a severe problem in the development of aerospace relay. Traditional particle impact noise detection (PIND) method for remainder detection is ineffective for small particles, due to its low precision and involvement of subjective factors. An auto-detection method for PIND output signals is proposed in this paper, which is based on direct wavelet de-noising (DWD), cross-correlation analysis (CCA) and homo-filtering (HF), the method enhances the affectiv-ity of PIND test about the small particles. In the end, some practical PIND output signals are analysed, and the validity of this new method is proved.