固体火箭发动机纤维缠绕壳体承载能力研究

为解决某型固体火箭发动机复合材料壳体承载轴压与弯矩能力不足问题,依据原壳体实体及其在轴压与弯矩联合载荷作用下的静力试验,建立了该壳体的有限元数学模型,并进行了静力计算和稳定性分析。计算分析表明,原壳体破坏的原因是层间剪切强度失效,复合材料基体开裂,局部屈曲和后屈曲破坏发生在铝裙尖端部位。提出用S-2玻璃纤维代替F12纤维做为裙外铺层改进原壳体结构,有效地约束了屈曲波形,提高了结构承载能力,解决了工程难题。     

固体火箭发动机壳体后封头屈曲分析

用ANSYS软件对固体发动机壳体后封头进行了外压屈曲分析。结果表明,在可承受相同内压条件下金属壳体后封头比复合材料壳体后封头有更高的承受外压能力;壳体后接头、喷管固定体对后封头承外压能力有加强作用;壳体后开口直径越大,临界屈曲载荷越大。     

维缠绕固体火箭发动机壳体爆破问题研究

本文采用大变形有限元方法进行纤维缠绕固体火箭发动机壳体的应力及爆破分析。采用最大应力强度准则进行单元失效判断，并引入合理的刚度衰退模型，从而较真实地模拟壳体的承载过程。在此基础上，重点讨论了材料性能、几休非线性对固体火箭发动机壳体封头部位相对承载能力的影响，特别是针对两个实际结构得出相反的影响结果，对结构的优化设计和实际应用的补强研究有指导意义。另外，从爆破的角度探讨了由模拟壳体外推真实固体火箭发动机壳体结构的合理性。     

固体发动机壳体工作状态塑性流动数值模拟

采用二维轴对称模型及有限元数值计算方法，对固体火箭发动机壳体在高压下的应力分布进行了分析和计算，获得了发动机壳体在工作条件下的塑性形变及应力场的分布。其结果可供基于塑性形变的壳体评估及可靠性设计参考。     

复合材料壳体在水压和地面热试验状态下的大变形有限元分析

用等效正交异性轴对称八节点等参元对固体火箭发动机壳体进行了大变形有限元分析。首先计算了壳体承受内压作用下的应力与变形,并与其水压试验结果进行了比较,然后计算壳体在热试验状态下的应力与变形,也与其水压试验的计算结果进行了比较。     

药柱对燃烧室外压失稳载荷的影响

通过外压屈曲计算及外压试验研究了某固体火箭发动机壳体与燃烧室的外压稳定性。外压屈曲计算得到了壳体、燃烧室的外压屈曲载荷、屈曲失稳波形以及径向位移(环向应变)随外压载荷的变化规律。对比壳体与燃烧室的计算结果发现,燃烧室径向位移(环向应变)-载荷曲线上拐点处对应的外压载荷相对壳体明显偏高,说明药柱对燃烧室外压承载能力贡献较大。对不同推进剂松弛模量的计算表明,推进剂松弛模量与燃烧室外压承载能力呈正相关。壳体、燃烧室外压试验所得失稳波形以及药柱对燃烧室外压承载能力的影响规律与计算结果吻合较好。     

复合材料燃烧室均布侧压下稳定性分析

利用结构分析软件ANSYS，采用非线性屈曲理论，对某固体火箭发动机的纤维复合材料壳体燃烧室在均布侧压作用下的稳定性进行了分析，考虑了不同药柱碍对屈曲载荷的影响，并与不计药柱时壳体承压能力作了比较。计算结果给出了燃烧室承受侧压能力的初步估计，同时表明，药柱模量的变化对燃烧室临界载荷有很大的影响，其承侧压能力随药柱模量的增大而增加。     

固体火箭发动机壳体缓释技术研究进展

固体火箭发动机壳体缓释技术是提高固体火箭发动机服役安全性的重要技术手段之一。文章梳理了国内外固体火箭发动机壳体缓释技术方面的研究进展,根据各技术能够提供的排气泄压通道面积大小,将壳体缓释技术分为整体失强、头/筒分离和局部排气三大类,系统地对比了各项技术的设计思路、工作原理和实用效果。结合国外地地导弹、空空导弹和舰空导弹等导弹发动机壳体缓释技术应用实例和低易损性试验结果,阐明了壳体缓释技术对固体火箭发动机服役安全性的提升作用。最后,给出了使用发动机壳体缓释技术进行安全性总体设计的设计思路,并提出了固体火箭发动机安全性设计中应重点考虑排气通道临界面积和排气通道开启时刻两个关键因素。文中所述的研究进展可为固体火箭发动机服役安全性设计和优化提供参考。     

模拟壳体/燃烧室外压承载能力研究

为了研究固体火箭发动机的外压承载能力,了解药柱对燃烧室外压承载能力的贡献,文章对设计的模拟壳体和燃烧室进行了外压极限试验,得到了临界外压屈曲载荷.同时采用有限元软件进行了模拟壳体/燃烧室的外压稳定计算,计算结果与试验结果吻合较好.试验和计算结果都表明:虽然推进剂药柱模量较低,但其对燃烧室外压承载能力贡献较大.在固体发动机外压工况下的设计中,外压载荷指标不能仅分配给壳体,还需要综合考虑壳体与药柱的承载能力.     

固体火箭发动机轴向冲击响应有限元分析

对固体火箭发动机固有频率和模态进行了分析,用大质量法将轴向加速度冲击载荷转化为轴向力载荷对模型进行加载,计算了固体火箭发动机的轴向冲击响应,并与试验结果进行了对比分析。计算结果与试验吻合,说明大质量法加载可行。发动机壳体应力较其他部位大,但远未达到强度极限,药柱应变比其他部位大,但数值很小。     

On the stability of the track of the space elevator

A string moving with geostationary angular velocity in its radial relative equilibrium configuration around the Earth, reaching from the surface of the Earth far beyond the geostationary height, could be used as track for an Earth to space elevator. This is an old dream of mankind, originating about 100 years ago in Russia. Besides the question of feasibility from a technological point of view also the question concerning the stability of such a configuration has not yet been completely solved. Under the assumption that a proper material (carbon nanotubes) is available, making the connection possible technologically, we address the question of existence and stability of the radial relative equilibrium of a tapered string on a circular geosynchronous trajectory around the Earth, reaching from the surface of the Earth far beyond the geostationary height.     

On the Possibility of the Existence of Volatile Compounds in the Region of the Scott Crater on the Moon

In this paper, we analyze the illumination conditions, the thermal regime, and the possibility of deposits of volatile compounds existing in the vicinity region (NSR S5 region) near the southern pole of the Moon. It has been found that there are no permanently shadowed zones near the Scott crater and the NSR S5 region, though the temperature conditions allow the of compounds such as CH₃OH, SO₂, NH₃, CO₂, H₂S, C₂H₄, and water to remain stable relative to evaporation for a long time (≥1 Gyr). It has been also shown that compounds like CO and CH₄ cannot stably exist in these regions.     

对老年人体育锻炼负荷量监控方法的探讨

通过对老年人体育锻炼活动的情况进行相关调查，发现目前老年人体育锻炼中存在一些误区。因此本文针对这些现实情况提出，应根据实际情况运用一些简单易行的方法来对老年人体育锻炼实施医务监督，达到提高老年人体育锻炼的科学性。     

Estimation of the current density and analysis of the geometry of the current system surrounding the Earth

The results of an investigation of the distribution of plasma pressure, pressure gradients, and magnetic field near the equatorial plane in the plasma ring surrounding the Earth under magneto-quiet conditions are presented. Observational data obtained during the international THEMIS mission are used. The picture of the distribution of transverse-current density near the equatorial plane was obtained under assumption of observing the magnetostatic balance condition at geocentric distances from 6 to 12R _E. In estimating the integral transverse current it was accepted that in daytime sector the magnetic-field minima on magnetic field lines are not localized in the equatorial plane. Estimates of the integral transverse current were obtained, which demonstrate the possibility of closing nighttime transverse currents at geocentric distances of up to ～12R _E inside the magnetosphere, which form a high-latitudinal continuation of the ring current.     

实施“三位一体”教育模式 提高学生的综合素质

本文介绍了“三位一体”教育模式的内容,描述亍我们实施该模式所采取的措施及取得的成效。实践表明,“三位一体”教育模式能够提高学生的综合素质,为学生毕业后的发展打下坚实基础,对教育模式的改革具有一定的指导意义。     

Estimating the accuracy of the technique of reconstructing the rotational motion of a satellite based on the measurements of its angular velocity and the magnetic field of the Earth

The paper has studied the accuracy of the technique that allows the rotational motion of the Earth artificial satellites (AES) to be reconstructed based on the data of onboard measurements of angular velocity vectors and the strength of the Earth magnetic field (EMF). The technique is based on kinematic equations of the rotational motion of a rigid body. Both types of measurement data collected over some time interval have been processed jointly. The angular velocity measurements have been approximated using convenient formulas, which are substituted into the kinematic differential equations for the quaternion that specifies the transition from the body-fixed coordinate system of a satellite to the inertial coordinate system. Thus obtained equations represent a kinematic model of the rotational motion of a satellite. The solution of these equations, which approximate real motion, has been found by the least-square method from the condition of best fitting between the data of measurements of the EMF strength vector and its calculated values. The accuracy of the technique has been estimated by processing the data obtained from the board of the service module of the International Space Station (ISS). The reconstruction of station motion using the aforementioned technique has been compared with the telemetry data on the actual motion of the station. The technique has allowed us to reconstruct the station motion in the orbital orientation mode with a maximum error less than 0.6° and the turns with a maximal error of less than 1.2°.     

Optimization of the trajectory of the spacecraft insertion into the system of heliocentric orbits

The possibility of the spacecraft insertion into the system of operational heliocentric orbits has been analyzed. It has been proposed to use a system of several operational heliocentric orbits. On each orbit, the spacecraft makes one or more revolutions around the Sun. These orbits are characterized by a relatively small perihelion radius and relatively high inclination, which allows one to investigate the polar regions of the Sun. The transition of the spacecraft from one orbit to another has been performed using an unpowered gravity assist maneuver near Venus and does not require the cruise propulsion operation. Each maneuver transfers the spacecraft into the sequence of operational heliocentric orbits. We have analyzed several systems of operational heliocentric orbits into which the spacecraft can be inserted by means of the considered transportation system with electric propulsion (EP). The mass of the spacecraft delivered to these systems of operational orbits has been estimated.     

从应变计现状看电阻式传感器的前景

电阻式传感器的核心部件——电阻应变计是目前最常用的应力分析的敏感元件。也常用于测量力、压力、扭矩和加速度等物理量。作者简要回顾了电阻应变计的发展历史，介绍了电阻应变计的结构、分类及现状，展望了电阻式传感器的前景。     

System of works on numerical modeling of the dynamics of the structure of the Space Radiotelescope in the RadioAstron project

The results of modeling the dynamics of the Space Radiotelescope are presented. The results of ground-based vibration-dynamic tests are used to validate the calculation models and estimate the damping levels. The dynamic distortions of the reflecting surface caused by the operation of the pointing mechanism of the high-gain antenna are estimated.     

火箭推进剂液体晃动关机响应的数值仿真

本文采用VOF方法对火箭发动机关机阶段所引起的液体晃动进行了数值仿真，以氧化剂贮箱为例，得到了贮箱无阻尼环和带阻尼环时的晃动仿真图和液体质心变化曲线，检验了VOF方法处理碎波的能力。