基于非线性模型预测的绳系系统系绳摆振控制

针对绳系系统离轨稳定控制问题,开展了系绳和绳端卫星构成的绳系系统在拖拽离轨过程中系绳摆动稳定控制方法研究。在考虑拖拽离轨过程中约束下,首先建立了包含绳端卫星的姿态运动的模型,并建立了绳系系统的离轨动力学方程和便于控制器设计的简化动力学方程。其次根据模型预测原理以最优化方法设计参考轨迹,最后以模型预测控制方法为基础设计了稳定系绳摆动的非线性模型预测控制方法。使用MATLAB软件平台仿真,验证了所设计的参考轨迹能完成目标和模型预测控制器有好的跟踪能力。      

Spin deployment of Hub-Spoke tethered satellite formation with sliding mode tether tension control

This work develops a tension control strategy for deploying an underactuated spin-stable tethered satellite formation in the hub-spoke configuration. First, the Lagrange equation is used to model the spin-deployment dynamics of the tethered satellite formation. The central spacecraft is modeled as a rigid body, and the tethered subsatellites are simplified as lumped masses. Second, a pure tension controller has been proposed to suppress the tether libration motion in the deployment without thrusting at the subsatellites. A nonlinear sliding mode control is introduced in the tension controller for the underactuated system to suppress the periodic gravitational perturbations caused by the spinning hub-spoke tethered satellite formation. The unknown upper bounds of the perturbations are estimated by adaptive control law. The bounded stability of the closed-loop tension controller has been proved by the Lyapunov theory. Finally, numerical simulations validate the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed controller, i.e., tethers are fully deployed stably to the desired hub-spoke configuration.     

论绳系卫星系统的运动中心

讨论了稳定状态下绳系系统运动中心及相关的力学与应用问题。绳系系统运动中心与系统质心不重合。确定了运动中心在系绳上的位置,并从运动中心概念出发,导出系绳拉力的表示式,阐述了系绳拉力偏差对摆动频率计算的影响。     

绳系卫星部署阶段的动力学分析

绳系卫星系统部署阶段末时刻状态决定着其编队飞行的初始状态，为了研究不同因素对绳系卫星系统部署阶段运动的影响，本文建立了一种简单的平面哑铃模型，将系绳视作有阻尼的弹簧，两个卫星视作刚体，考虑重力梯度力矩。通过仿真，发现系绳释放的速度和副星推力是影响绳系卫星系统部署阶段稳定性的主要因素。     

基于Terminal滑模的小行星探测器着陆连续控制

针对弱引力场不规则小行星探测器安全下降与着陆,提出了一种基于比例微分(PD,Proportional plus Derivative)及非奇异Terminal滑模的连续控制方法.在着陆点坐标系下推导了探测器的动力学方程,设计了开环燃料次最优多项式标称轨迹制导方法.针对下降和着陆两个不同阶段提出了PD和非奇异Terminal滑模变结构连续控制方法.将PD控制的易操作性与非奇异Terminal滑模控制收敛速度快、调整时间短有效结合,保证了探测器安全着陆.仿真结果表明了提出方法的可行性和有效性.     

绳系卫星释放及工作态动力学分析

考虑强系卫星系统强索质量的影响，导出三维空间动力学方程，运用Pontryagin极小值理论求出释放过程中张力优化控制规律；得到最佳释放速度变化曲线，对子星工作阶段进行动力学分析。讨论系统质心沿椭圆轨道运动与姿态运动的耦合，文中附有算例。     

绳系系统轨道机动过程中的面内摆角抑制

摘要： 针对绳系卫星系统轨道机动过程中面内摆角抑制问题进行控制器设计.仅考虑面内摆角子系统下,针对绳系系统的动力学模型,提出了分层迭代非线性滑模控制方法.证明控制方法设计的控制律使系统所有状态渐近稳定.通过数学仿真验证方法的有效性和优势.     

Coordinated control of tethered space robot using mobile tether attachment point in approaching phase

Tethered space robots (TSRs) have wide applications in future on-orbit service owing to its flexibility and great workspace. However, the control problem is quite complex and difficult in the phase of approaching target, and the fuel consumption must also be taken into account. Hence, we present a novel scheme of achieving coordinated orbit and attitude control simultaneously for the TSR. Space tether, which can provide greater force compared with the thruster force, is used in the design of the orbit and attitude coordinated controller. A coordinated control mechanism is designed to provide attitude control torques of the pitch and yaw motions by adjusting the position of the mobile tether attachment point, while the roll motion is stabilized by the thruster. In order to guarantee this mechanism to work properly, constant tether tension strategies are utilized to plan an optimal approaching trajectory which is tracked by the coordinated controller of tether force and thruster force. Numerical simulation validates the feasibility of our proposed coordinated control scheme for TSR in the approaching phase. Furthermore, fuel consumption of the orbit and attitude control are both significantly reduced compared with traditional thruster control.     

基于星下点机动的再入飞行器离轨规划

针对约束再入点地理位置的再入飞行器离轨问题,提出了一种基于星下点机动的离轨规划方法。再入飞行器的离轨轨道设计受到飞行器当前轨道状态和再入点参数的约束。首先,基于轨道飞行原理,建立了一般椭圆轨道冲量模型下离轨制动参数和再入点参数的关系,分析了最优离轨的推力施加原则;其次,在考虑地球自转的前提下,提出了直接离轨必要条件,针对约束再入点经纬度的问题,完善了利用非线性规划优化方法确定有限推力模型下离轨点位置的策略,同时给出了符合燃料最优目标的离轨制动参数;最后,探讨了一般情况下初始轨道不满足直接离轨必要条件时,为满足星下点约束而进行的轨道机动施加策略。      

空间绳系拖拽系统摆动特性与平稳控制

考虑了任务星与废星的姿态运动以及系统组合体的面内外姿态运动,建立了绳系拖拽离轨系统动力学与控制模型,以切向常值推力下绳系拖拽轨道转移为任务过程,分析了任务星在喷气和零动量轮的限制姿态反馈控制条件下飞行时,废星姿态摆动、系统组合体面内外摆动和任务星姿态运动的规律及相互影响关系。采用留位和阻尼控制相结合的系绳张力复合控制方法,并结合任务星姿态控制,确保绳系拖拽转移安全平稳进行。仿真结果表明:常值推力下绳系拖拽轨道转移时,牵挂点偏置诱发的废星姿态周期性摆动会激发绳系组合体的面内外同频率高阶摆动,星体姿态运动是任务星姿态扰动力矩产生的主要因素;采用张力复合控制可有效消除废星姿态摆动并保持星间相对距离,结合任务星姿态控制,可实现离轨过程的平稳与安全,大幅减少任务星的姿控能耗。      

地月系L2平动点轨道长期维持过程研究

针对地月系L2平动点附近两种常用轨道——拟halo轨道和Lissajous轨道,研究了轨道长期维持过程。采用穿越xz平面单圈控制的轨道维持策略,控制量通过单步预测法进行寻优。在全摄动动力学模型下对拟halo轨道和Lissajous轨道受控维持下的一年飞行过程分别进行了仿真和比较,结果显示Lissajous轨道的维持控制代价优于拟halo轨道,从轨道拓扑构型保持方面对该结果进行解释,并设计对比实验加以验证。研究结论对地月系L2平动点轨道选择、维持控制策略设计、长期飞行效果分析等方面具有工程参考意义。     

Optimal guidance based on receding horizon control for low-thrust transfer to libration point orbits

This paper addresses the design and computation of a guidance law for a transfer mission from an orbit near the Earth to a halo orbit around the libration point L₂ in the Sun–Earth system. The guidance law, which is designed based on receding horizon control and compensates for launch velocity errors that are introduced by inaccuracies of the launch vehicle, is solved using the generating function method. During the design of the closed-loop guidance law, the entire transfer mission, which is considered a nonlinear optimal control problem, is evaluated to obtain a nominal reference trajectory. Using the launch velocity errors and the uncertainty of the model, a spacecraft controlled by the proposed guidance law tracks the reference trajectory. Furthermore, the original Riccati differential equation in the receding horizon control algorithm is replaced by an equivalent convenient form of the Riccati differential equation that is based on the generating function. The high-efficiency solution of the equivalent equation avoids the online direct integration of the original Riccati differential equation, which significantly increases the computational efficiency for the receding horizon control problem. Numerical simulations using a nonlinear bicircular four-body model demonstrate the capabilities of the proposed receding horizon guidance law for the transfer mission. In addition, the generating function method improves the computational efficiency by at least one order of magnitude over the backward sweep method in solving the receding horizon control problem.     

Adaptive sliding mode fault-tolerant control for satellite attitude tracking system

In this paper, an adaptive modified sliding mode control approach is developed for attitude tracking of a nano-satellite with three magnetorquers and one reaction wheel. A sliding variable is chosen based on finite-time convergence of the nano-satellite attitude tracking error and avoiding the singularity of the control signal. The control gain of the proposed method is developed adaptively to reduce the tracking error and improve the closed-loop control performance. The sliding variable and adaptive parameter are also employed in the reaching phase of the control law to decrease the chattering phenomenon. In addition, the finite-time convergence of attitude variables in the presence of actuator faults, inertia uncertainty, and external disturbances is proved using the extended Lyapunov theorem. The simulations are conducted to evaluate the performance of the proposed method according to different evaluation criteria. Monte Carlo simulations are also used to survey the reliability of the system in the presence of the mentioned condition.     

基于粒子群算法的绳系卫星展开与回收控制

绳系卫星的展开与回收是绳系卫星应用的基础问题,但通过改变系绳拉力来实现展开和回收的方法尚未得到充分研究.将系绳拉力作为控制力,并在时间域内离散,然后利用粒子群优化算法在整个可行域中寻找满足优化指标的最优值,从而得到控制力的变化规律.该控制方法可以使绳系卫星系统在最小摆动、最短时间等最优指标意义下,迅速展开到平衡位置,同时也适用于绳系卫星的回收.仿真结果表明：该控制方法同基于控制展开与回收速度的控制方法相比,展开和回收的时间短、侧向摆动小,具有一定优越性.     

Robust optimal sliding mode control for the deployment of Coulomb spacecraft formation flying

Inter-spacecraft electrostatic force (Coulomb force) is desirable for close formation flying control because of its propellant-less and free contaminate characteristics attributed to the propellant exhaust emission. This paper presents robust optimal sliding mode control to deal with the problem of thruster saturation in tracking the formation trajectory for Coulomb spacecraft formation flying. The robust controller design is based on optimal control theory as a linear quadratic system, and it is augmented with an integral sliding mode control technique. The stability of the closed-loop system is guaranteed using the second Lyapunov method. The developed controller outperforms the existing ones, because it has a higher degree of fine-tuning to cope with the uncertainty. Numerical simulations are employed to confirm the efficiency of the developed controller.     

纳卫星热系统的在轨动态特性分析与建模

纳卫星热系统是在复杂空间热环境下实现纳卫星被动热控制任务的基本技术途径,对其进行在轨动态特性分析与建模对纳卫星的热控方法与效果研究及评价具有重要意义.通过详尽的机理分析建立了描述纳卫星热系统在轨飞行过程中瞬态温度变化的3维非线性动态特性模型,阐述了与之配套的外热流分析与轨道运动计算方法,并以一太阳同步轨道纳卫星为例,对其飞行过程中的外热流变化、在轨温度变化响应等动态特性进行了详细的分析和讨论,为进一步深入研究纳卫星热控制、热管理理论及技术提供了简便的分析计算模型与方法.      

绳系卫星渐近稳定释放与回收策略

文章研究椭圆轨道下绳系卫星的稳定释放与回收控制问题。首先基于Lyapunov稳定性理论,获得椭圆轨道下系绳释放和回收的速率控制律及稳定性条件,然后提出一套能使系绳沿期望俯仰角进行渐近稳定释放和回收控制的方法。指出存在一个轨道区间,可以实现对通常不稳定的回收过程进行稳定回收,进而提出分区间和分段回收策略以优化回收控制效果。最后,通过数值模拟对所提出的控制律、稳定条件及控制策略进行验证。     

Re-entry trajectory tracking of reusable launch vehicle using artificial delay based robust guidance law

A Reusable Launch Vehicle (RLV), during the re-entry phase of its flight, experiences uncertain environment and extreme turbulence. This calls for an effective control strategy to guide the vehicle efficiently on a trajectory that allows safer landing conditions while providing robustness against external disturbances and system uncertainties. In this regard, a Time-Delayed Control (TDC) strategy has been proposed to track the space vehicle on a predetermined trajectory in the presence of these uncertainties. In the proposed approach, the system vector and the uncertainties are lumped into a single function which is estimated using the input and output data from the previous instant. Theoretical analysis of the control strategy executed using Lyapunov’s method, proves Uniformly Ultimately Bounded (UUB) stability of the closed loop system. The efficacy of the proposed approach has been verified through simulation studies which affirm robust tracking of the optimal trajectory generated through Pseudo-Spectral method (PSM), in the presence of time-varying uncertainties.     

平动点周期轨道间小推力转移的Gauss伪谱法

针对三体问题共线平动点附近周期轨道间的小推力转移问题,构造了一种新的形状函数,在此基础上提出了一种基于Gauss伪谱法的优化设计方法。首先,建立小推力轨道转移动力学模型,参考初始轨道和目标轨道的类型,构造一种新的形状函数以近似小推力转移轨道。为满足不同的约束要求,提出了振幅和相位按多项式变化的假设,推导了小推力转移轨道的近似解析解;然后利用Gauss伪谱法将小推力轨道转移的最优控制问题转化为非线性规划问题,并对推导的近似解析解进行解算和处理,为Gauss伪谱法求解非线性规划问题提供较为有效的控制变量的初始猜测值;最后以地月系统L1点附近Halo轨道间的小推力转移问题为例进行了仿真分析。仿真结果表明,小推力转移轨道近似解析解具备有效性和普适性,使得Gauss伪谱法的迭代效率提高55%以上,同时也表明Gauss伪谱法可有效解决平动点周期轨道间的小推力转移轨道优化设计问题。