The Significance of the Overall Design Department Thoughts of QIAN Xuesen in the New Era

The most distinctive feature of the new era is integration and innovation. With the rapid development of information technology and big data technology, the data era brought by artificial intelligence is coming. The systems engineering theory and methods summarized from engineering practice show more and more its importance and indispensability. The overall design department thoughts founded by scientist QIAN Xuesen is the result of the practice of systematic engineering science theory. The new development of the overall design department will inject intellectual support and technical support into the modernization of the national governance system and capabilities.     

Review and Prospective on Systems Engineering in China

The origin,formation and evolution of the systems engineering theory accompanied QIAN Xuesen's whole life.The systems engineering theory is the concentrated reflection of QIAN's achievements and theory in all aspects.From returning to China to pioneer China's space industry,creating a new management mode of "one overall design department,two command lines",publishing Organization and Management Technology:Systems Engineering,to proposing the theory of Open Complex Giant System(OCGS) and the theory of Metasynthetic Wisdom,all these mark the formation of the Chinese school of systems engineering.Guided by QIAN's academic ideas,various major Chinese space programs have been implemented successfully which verified the fact that the systems engineering is scientific.The systems engineering has been applied to different fields of the national economy and has a development process with the distinguished characteristics of Chinese systems science.On one hand,the systems engineering is put forward deeply along the traditional systems engineering thought and theory;on the other hand,a batch of innovations that break the traditional shackles have occurred,making the Chinese systems engineering unique and outstanding compared with foreign counterparts.     

Construction of QIAN Xuesen's Meta-Synthetic Wisdom System and Aerospace Hall for Workshop for Meta-Synthetic Engineering

China's aerospace industry is facing a major task of increasing the reform of aerospace management system and speeding up civil-military integration, which leads to an urgent demand for new aerospace think tank products. Thankfully, with "information space" as the carrier, the "systems science" as the guidance, and QIAN Xuesen's "metasynthetic wisdom system" as the core, QIAN Xuesen think tank provides the decision support for China to develop an aerospace knowledge economy and to continuously enhance the "space soft power". In this paper, the framework of the meta-synthetic wisdom system guided by systems science is presented, the relationship between basic ideas of QIAN Xuesen think tank and meta-synthetic wisdom system is explained and the construction items of aerospace hall of the workshop for meta-synthetic engineering(aerospace HWMSE) are analyzed.     

A Salute to the “QIAN Xuesen School” of Systems Engineering

QIAN Xuesen published the article Technology of Organization and Management: Systems Engineering on September 27, 1978, pointing out that systems engineering is the technology of organization and management system that can be applied in all systems. The origin, formation and evolution of the systems engineering theory accompanied QIAN Xuesen's whole life. The systems engineering theory is the concentrated reflection of QIAN's achievements and theory in all aspects.     

Promoting Space Internationalization Development Based on QIAN Xuesen Think Tank

Today, the "division" thought of "Reductionism" makes people feel helpless and gradually recognize the consequence of the social alienation. Based on 20 years' experience in America, 28 years' practice in China's space industry, and nearly 30 years' research in his later years, QIAN Xuesen integrated the Western Reductionism with the Eastern Holism to form the QIAN Xuesen think tank thought and the Hall for Workshop of Metasynthetic Engineering from qualitative to quantitative, promoting space internationalization to play an irreplaceable role in the development of technology, engineering and industrialization.     

论以科技竞赛促进网络工程专业实践教学改革

本文论述了大学生科技竞赛活动对学校网络工程专业实践教学改革的促进作用。结合网络工程专业的教学实践,提出了重视科技竞赛,促进实践教学改革,提高学生学习兴趣和积极性的一些思路和做法。     

非线性动力学理论及其在机械系统中应用的若干进展

非线性动力学的理论及其工程应用是非线性科学研究的前沿和热点，应用非线性动力学的理论揭示事物动态过程现象的本质和机理，进行自主性原始创新，具有十分重大的理论和应用价值，在科学与工程中具有广阔的应用前景。综述非线性动力学基础理论方面的近期研究成果及其在机械系统中应用的研究进展。理论研究方面主要涉及揭示非线性动力系统周期分岔解与系统结构参数之间关系的C—L方法、高余维分岔的普适分类、高余维非对称分岔的普适开折、约束分岔的分类、计算非线性自治系统正规形的直接方法、计算非线性非自治系统正规形的复内积平均法以及高维非线性系统的降维方法等。应用方面主要涉及大型旋转机械非线性转子系统的失稳机理、分岔解与混沌运动、故障诊断及其综合治理技术；冲击振动机械的稳定性、Hopf分岔、亚谐分岔、余维二分岔和混沌运动；大型共振筛的非线性振动及其动力学设计方法等。     

编队飞行航天器测量通信一体化系统的交互链路技术

实现航天编队飞行需要有测量系统测定队列成员的相对位置、姿态和时间,还需要通信系统在编队成员间交换工程数据和科学实验数据。测量系统和通信系统都是实现航天编队飞行的核心技术。基于卫星导航技术,将卫星导航接收机、伪卫星发射机、伪码扩频序列通信和测距链路及相关数据处理模块组合,组成射频收发器,可以构成完成上述功能的测量和通信一体化系统。文中根据国外已有的实践经验阐明射频收发器设计中的交互链路设计技术,包括关于链路拓扑的考虑是采用星形网络还是网形网络;采用相控阵波束形成、分路多路径接收和多用户检测技术;采用半双工码分多址的多路传输体制和打包的信号结构;既可用兼用GPS和交互链路的相对导航,也可只用交互链路测距实现相对定位导航;在编队内外的星间通信乃至星地通信中引入移动IP功能等。航天器本身必须具备适应空间环境的耐辐射能力。     

运载火箭基于模型的系统工程研究

阐述了航天系统工程概念的来源和实践方法,对基于模型的系统工程(Model Based Systems Engineering, MBSE)概念及其发展现状进行了综述。结合运载火箭的数字化研制进展,提出了运载火箭基于模型的系统工程设想及其可能产生的效益,分析了需要解决的关键技术、存在的问题与挑战,对未来发展进行了展望。     

ENGage: The use of space and pixel art for increasing primary school children's interest in science,technology, engineering and mathematics

The Faculty of Engineering at The University of Nottingham, UK, has developed interdisciplinary, hands-on workshops for primary schools that introduce space technology, its relevance to everyday life and the importance of science, technology, engineering and maths. The workshop activities for 7–11 year olds highlight the roles that space and satellite technology play in observing and monitoring the Earth's biosphere as well as being vital to communications in the modern digital world. The programme also provides links to ‘how science works’, the environment and citizenship and uses pixel art through the medium of digital photography to demonstrate the importance of maths in a novel and unconventional manner.The interactive programme of activities provides learners with an opportunity to meet ‘real’ scientists and engineers, with one of the key messages from the day being that anyone can become involved in science and engineering whatever their ability or subject of interest. The methodology introduces the role of scientists and engineers using space technology themes, but it could easily be adapted for use with any inspirational topic.Analysis of learners’ perceptions of science, technology, engineering and maths before and after participating in ENGage showed very positive and significant changes in their attitudes to these subjects and an increase in the number of children thinking they would be interested and capable in pursuing a career in science and engineering. This paper provides an overview of the activities, the methodology, the evaluation process and results.     

高低温环境下测试卫星天线无源互调的系统

随着卫星通信大天线技术的快速发展,收发共用技术在卫星中得到了广泛的应用,高低温环境下的无源互调性能问题成为关注的重点.目前从设计角度通过仿真和计算解决温度对无源互调性能影响有局限性,为了提高在轨天线工作性能可靠性,在高低温环境中测试无源互调性能是一项有效的措施.研究开发了两种在高低温环境下测试PIM的测试系统,同时给出...     

Economic value analysis of the return from the Korean astronaut program and the science culture diffusion activity in Korea

In this study, we analyze the economic effects from the Korean Astronaut Program (KAP) and the subsequent Science Culture Diffusion Activity (SCDA). Korea has had a huge practical effect on the development of science and technology and has increased international awareness of Korea by producing Korea's first astronaut. There has also been a large, ripple effect on space related industries. In addition, the KAP has exercised a far-reaching influence on Korean society and culture by boosting all science and engineering and inspiring national pride. After the KAP, astronauts' outreach activities, such as lectures for the general public; interviews on television, newspapers and magazines; participating in children's science camps; and distributing publications and DVDs about astronaut program for general public, were instituted for diffusing science culture. Thus, positive effects such as the promotion of Korea's level of technology, student interest in science and engineering fields, and the expansion of the industrial base were reinforced after the KAP. This study is aimed at evaluating the economic significance and the value of return through analyzing the effects of the KAP and the subsequent Science Culture Diffusion Activity.     

集大成得智慧——钱学森的系统科学成就与贡献

介绍了钱学森科学历程的三大创造高峰:创建物理力学和工程控制论;开创我国火箭、导弹和航天事业,以及系统工程管理方法与技术;建立系统科学及其体系,创建系统学,并开创复杂巨系统科学与技术领域.以钱学森建立的科学技术体系结构为基础,分析了钱学森的系统科学体系、系统学与综合集成方法,以及复杂巨系统科学技术体系.     

One year old and growing: a status report of the International Space Station and its partners.

The International Space Station (ISS), as the largest international science and engineering program in history, features unprecedented technical, cost, scheduling, managerial, and international complexity. A number of major milestones have been accomplished to date, including the construction of major elements of flight hardware, the development of operations and sustaining engineering centers, astronaut training, and eight Space Shuttle/Mir docking missions. International partner contributions and levels of participation have been baselined, and negotiations and discussions are nearing completion regarding bartering arrangements for services and new hardware. As ISS is successfully executed, it can pave the way for more inspiring cooperative achievements in the future.     

对螺纹概念和螺纹紧固件连接画法的探讨

本文结合教学和工程应用实际，对制图教材和现行国家标准中关于螺纹的牙型、中径概念，螺钉、螺柱紧固件装配画法等问题进行了分析，提出了个人观点。旨在使国家标准和工程图学学科的概念更清楚，以利于发挥标准在工程实践中的指导作用。     

Microsatellites And Improved Acquisition Of Space Systems

Traditional practices of the United States Department of Defense (DoD) in the acquisition of space systems have focused on advanced versions of proven technology, meaning large satellites. This paradigm contributes to dependence on a handful of satellites, program schedules measured in decades, and the expensive oversight and program management functions which must be applied to systems which, since there are so few assets, cannot countenance failures. The escape from this paradigm is offered by Microsatellites (Microsats). Microsats are not only useful technology, but technology which enables a different approach to acquisition. What the authors call the Microsat Acquisition Paradigm (MAP) is partly modeled on NASA's Faster, Better, Cheaper approach and takes lessons from NASA's successes and failures. Now that some space functions can be undertaken by low-cost Microsats, the advantages of mass production, reduced government oversight, and acceptance of a reasonable failure rate can be applied to space system acquisition. This paper explores the three pillars of the MAP approach: requirements, technology, and acquisition, which together support the Holy Grail of space system affordability. Understanding the military's space requirements is the first pillar of this approach. The second pillar is the ability to correlate the requirements to the current and projected state of Microsat technology and explain what space functions can be accomplished with Microsats. Finally, historical examples, as well as recent studies. demonstrate that streamlined, cost-effective acquisition is a reality for Microsats, enabling savings in time and money compared to the acquisition system used for traditional space systems.     

基于模型的系统工程在航天器研制中的研究与实践

针对基于文档的传统航天器研制模式,存在着信息表示不准确、信息查找/更改困难等不足,指出基于模型的系统工程(MBSE)是解决这些问题的有效途径。根据MBSE的定义,分析其内涵;在继承国外实践成果的基础上,在航天器研制过程中进一步创新MBSE的理论,并应用MBSE理论指导航天器研制,以推动系统工程理论和实践的发展。     

COLUMBUS Orbital Facility and Automated Transfer Vehicle: a challenge for agency & industry

Long term continuous operation of the COLUMBUS Orbital Facility (COF) flight- and ground segment requires continuous mission control and operations support capability to ensure proper operation and configuration of the COF systems in support of ongoing science and technology payloads. The ISS logistics scenario will be supported by the Automated Transfer Vehicle (ATV). These operational needs require the built-up of a new ground infrastructure in Europe and USA, enabling an efficient operations for preparation, planning and mission execution. The challenge for the European space community consists in the development and operation of a user friendly operational environment but keeping costs within budgetary constraints. Results of detailed definition studies performed by both agency and industry for the ground infrastructure indicate solutions to those technical and programmatic requirements by using of existing centers and facilities, re-use of C/D phase products (Hardware, Software) and COTS equipment to avoid costly new developments, using engineering expertise of the industrial personnel from flight element phase C/D. The concept for operations execution defines the task sharing between Operations Control Facilities (OCF), Operations Support Facilities and User Operations Sites. Operations support consists of on-line engineering support, off-line engineering support, payload integration, logistics support and crew training support performed by industry. DASA RI has made internal investments in organizational concepts for mission operations as well as in mission technologies and tools based on the standard COLUMBUS Ground Software (CGS) toolset and on knowledge based systems to enable an efficient industrial operations support. These tools are available as prototypes being evaluated in a simulated operational environment.     

Astronaut training for the European ISS contributions Columbus module and ATV

An essential part of increment preparation for the ISS is the training of the flight crews. Each international partner is responsible for the basic training of its own astronauts, where a basic knowledge is taught on space science and engineering, ISS systems and operations and general astronaut skills like flying, diving, survival, language, etc. The main parts of the ISS crew training are the Advanced Training, e.g., generic ISS operations; nominal and malfunction systems operations and emergencies, and the Increment-Specific Training, i.e., operations and tasks specific to a particular increment. The Advanced and Increment-Specific Training is multilateral training, i.e., each partner is training all ISS astronauts on its contributions to the ISS program. Consequently, ESA is responsible for the Basic Training of its own astronauts and the Advanced and Increment-Specific Training of all ISS crews after Columbus activation on Columbus Systems Operations, Automated Transfer Vehicle (ATV), and ESA payloads.

This paper gives an overview of the ESA ISS Training Program for Columbus Systems Operations and ATV, for which EADS Space Transportation GmbH is the prime contractor. The key training tasks, the training flow and the training facilities are presented.     

应用虚拟基准站(VRS)技术提高测控系统精度

虚拟基准站 VRS( Virtual Reference Stations)技术是国外近年发展起来的一项新的 GPS差分技术 ,它综合利用多个基准站的测量信息 ,经过精确的误差修正 ,产生一随用户运动的基准站。始终与用户构成短基线差分 ,该技术有效提高了 GPS差分定位的精度 ,并具有获得高精度解的可靠性。文中分析虚拟基准站的原理与关键技术 ,提供部分试验结果 ,对测控系统利用 VRS技术的可行性进行了探讨