弹载遥测系统总体关键技术的研究与应用

弹载遥测系统主要用于导弹飞行试验过程中,完成导弹飞行试验数据的采编、调制、传输,与地面遥测设备配合完成试验数据远距离获取,即遥测任务。遥测数据为导弹及分系统设计验证、故障分析、试验结论评判等提供数据依据,是导弹研制过程中极其重要、必不可少的测量系统。结合导弹遥测系统技术发展趋势及笔者近年来创新性工程设计经验,详细阐述了包括弹载遥测系统架构设计、可编程式采编技术、优化供电技术及射频综合化技术等总体关键性技术,为弹载遥测系统提供总体设计新思路。     

Review and Prospective on Systems Engineering in China

The origin,formation and evolution of the systems engineering theory accompanied QIAN Xuesen's whole life.The systems engineering theory is the concentrated reflection of QIAN's achievements and theory in all aspects.From returning to China to pioneer China's space industry,creating a new management mode of "one overall design department,two command lines",publishing Organization and Management Technology:Systems Engineering,to proposing the theory of Open Complex Giant System(OCGS) and the theory of Metasynthetic Wisdom,all these mark the formation of the Chinese school of systems engineering.Guided by QIAN's academic ideas,various major Chinese space programs have been implemented successfully which verified the fact that the systems engineering is scientific.The systems engineering has been applied to different fields of the national economy and has a development process with the distinguished characteristics of Chinese systems science.On one hand,the systems engineering is put forward deeply along the traditional systems engineering thought and theory;on the other hand,a batch of innovations that break the traditional shackles have occurred,making the Chinese systems engineering unique and outstanding compared with foreign counterparts.     

振动试验夹具共振频率设计要求研究

为了使振动试验夹具的频率设计要求更加符合工程实际,文章对传统设计要求进行了总结,根据随机振动理论研究了传统设计要求与试验实际情况的差异。研究表明传统设计要满足一阶固有频率最大化的要求,而该要求存在不足：一是建立试验系统动力学模型时未考虑试件的质量及刚度,二是未考虑夹具与振动台连接的边界条件,三是未考虑载荷激励方向与模态关系。针对这些不足,文章提出了夹具共振频率最大化设计要求。分别采用传统的一阶固有频率最大化设计要求和共振频率最大化设计要求对某导弹夹具进行了设计,对比研究结果表明采用共振频率最大化设计要求所设计的夹具共振频率更高、质量更小。     

NASA's in-space technology experiments program: Status and plans

Experience with the Shuttle and free-flying satellites as technology test beds has shown the feasibility and desirability of using space assets as facilities for technology development. Thus, by the time the space station era arrives, technologists will be ready for an accessible engineering facility in space. Along with the scientific and commercial space development communities, the technology development community has been participating in defining requirements for this in-space facility. As the 21st century is approached, it is expected that many flights to the Space Station Freedom will carry one or more RT&E experiments. The experiments are likely to utilize both the pressurized volume, and the external payload attachment facilities. Based on the success of instrumenting the Shuttle itself to obtain ascent and descent aerothermodynamic data a unique, but extremely important, class of experiments will use the space station itself as an experimental vehicle.     

Development and Application of Systems Science and Systems Engineering

Systems science and systems engineering, as a new science and technology domain in modern science and technology, is developing rapidly, and showing greater and greater vitality. QIAN Xuesen is recognized as the pioneer and founder of systems science and systems engineering in China. His whole innovation process from systems thinking to systems practice has made pioneering contributions at different levels from engineering, technology, science to philosophy. These achievements and contributions have very important scientific value and practical significance. Presenting QIAN Xuesen's contribution in systems science and practice, this paper elaborates the development and application of systems science and systems engineering.     

航天产品试验数据分析与管理系统设计研究

结合航天产品研制特点,针对研制过程产生的大量不同种类试验数据,提出了试验数据分析与管理系统的设计目标、组成与基本要求,解决试验数据有效便捷使用、深层次价值挖掘问题.从整体设计角度,对系统设计思想、软件架构技术( B/S,C/S)、数据库技术(ORACLE,SQLSERVER等)进行了研究.并对设计实施过程中所采用的策略、开发平台、技术手段进行了论述.实践表明,采用B/S软件架构和“富”客户端技术构建的系统,能够较好地解决试验数据分析与管理问题.     

相敏信号解调电路设计分析

根据遥测相敏信号特点 ,介绍两款实用解调方案。结合实例详细讨论相控同步解调电路的原理及设计思路。首次提供三阶有源低通滤波器参数优化设计的阻容最佳组合。采用“三取二”表决的冗余设计有效地提高了遥测参数的可靠性。用一组实测数据验证电路设计的合理性。     

Space Development with Chinese Characteristics and its Practical Significance

China's space industry has been developed quickly and consistently setting new records for mankind in space exploration in the past 60 years. Four principles are upheld during its development. Systems engineering and overall thinking have played an important role in the development of China's space industry. What's more, the concept of systems engineering which originated from the space industry, being rooted in society, is a successful example of "Chinese theory" answering "Chinese question" and "Chinese wisdom" guiding "Chinese development", which is a trump card for the country and provides a unique business governance mode with Chinese characteristics.     

新型高超声速飞行器的气动设计技术探讨

气动技术是高超声速飞行器的重要支撑技术。目前高超声速飞行器迅速发展,飞行器向外形 复杂化、大气层滑翔飞行方向发展。高超声速飞行器飞行时间加长,飞行距离延长。新型高 超声速飞行器的迅速发展向空气动力学领域提出了众多高难度的问题,需要研究新的技术加 以解决。结合高超声速飞行器发展的方向和一些典型项目的气动需求,针对高超声速飞 行器可能的新型气动布局和相应的气动设计技术进行了探讨。
     

双圆极化频率复用数传链路极化损耗影响分析

对双圆极化频率复用技术的原理进行了说明，并介绍了影响链路性能的关键参数——交叉极化。通过对遥感卫星极化复用数据传输链路的分析，从工程应用的角度研究了交叉极化的产生及其对链路极化损耗的定量影响。可为极化复用数传链路的设计原则和方法提供借鉴。     

空间环境研究的现状与展望

空间环境研究的内容包括空间环境模式研究、空间环境效应研究和空间环境实验研究。当前国外空间环境研究注重对大型软件组织多学科、多单位长期合作研究;模式研究与实验研究紧密结合;注意开发对工程适用的模式;工作重点是太阳帆板带电和低轨卫星表面带电。建议我国在今后的空间环境研究中加强联合,集中攻克急需的大型软件;加强对材料特性的实验研究;着手发射环境效应卫星;开拓空间环境研究的新领域;在空间环境效应研究中加强卫星研制单位、卫星操作部门与环境效应研究单位的合作。     

发展高可靠低成本进出空间技术，迎接太空经济时代（英文）

The worldwide space industry has entered a new space economy era. The question is how to develop in this new era? This paper tries to answer this question from two aspects: highly reliable and low-cost technology for access to space, and the cislunar economic zone. Firstly, the development requirement of the future space transportation system is discussed and the development path to enable high-reliability and a low cost of space transportation system is analyzed. Moreover, the concept of a routine space transportation system is proposed, upon which this paper gives some thoughts to the development of the cislunar economic zone thus embracing the new space economy era.     

气冷内窥式高温电视监控系统

结合工程实践对典型的高温电视系统的主要部分作一介绍.反映了应用电视技术从最初关注单机技术、单纯硬件到注重在各种环境下应用的防护设计、系统设计及朝着与计算机、视频信号处理、报警技术相结合的发展趋势.该种气冷内窥式高温工业电视系统已在宝钢及多家火力发电厂投入使用.     

PSP支护技术在深基坑工程中的应用

PSP支护技术是一种三元复合支护结构,常用于土钉墙无法满足要求的基坑支护.本文结合工程实例,论述了PSP支护技术结构的设计和工作机理,体现了PSP支护技术在工程应用中有广阔的发展前景和显著的经济效益.     

PSP支护技术在深基坑工程中的应用

PSP支护技术是一种三元复合支护结构,常用于土钉墙无法满足要求的基坑支护。本文结合工程实例,论述了PSP支护技术结构的设计和工作机理,体现了PSP支护技术在工程应用中有广阔的发展前景和显著的经济效益。     

Evolving public perceptions of spaceflight in American culture

There is a belief that exists in the United States about public support for NASA's activities. The belief is almost universally held that NASA and the cause of space exploration enjoyed outstanding public support and confidence in the 1960s during the era of Apollo and that public support waned in the post-Apollo era, only to sink to quite low depths in the decade of the 1990s. These beliefs are predicated on anecdotal evidence that should not be discounted, but empirical evidence gleaned from public opinion polling data suggest that some of these conceptions are totally incorrect and others are either incomplete or more nuanced than previously believed. This paper explores evolution of public support for space exploration since the 1960s. Using polling data from a variety of sources it presents trends over time and offers comments on the meaning of public perceptions for the evolution of space policy and the development of space exploration in the United States.     

战术弹道导弹中段多弹头进攻方法的研究

由于弹道导弹防御技术的不断发展完善，没有突防手段的战术弹道导弹进攻的成功概率正在不断下降。本文利用零射程线给出了一种在中段初始阶段使用的多弹头突防手段，并进行了理论证明和仿真验证。这种方法不仅工程实现简单，而且在对抗过程中十分有效。     

Innovations for competitiveness: European views on “better-faster-cheaper”

The paper elaborates on “ lessons learned” from two recent ESA workshops, one focussing on the role of Innovation in the competitiveness of the space sector and the second on technology and engineering aspects conducive to better, faster and cheaper space programmes. The paper focuses primarily on four major aspects, namely:

1. a) the adaptations of industrial and public organisations to the global market needs;

2. b) the understanding of the bottleneck factors limiting competitiveness;

3. c) the trends toward new system architectures and new engineering and production methods;

4. d) the understanding of the role of new technology in the future applications.

Under the pressure of market forces and the influence of many global and regional players, applications of space systems and technology are becoming more and more competitive. It is well recognised that without major effort for innovation in industrial practices, organisations, R&D, marketing and financial approaches the European space sector will stagnate and loose its competence as well as its competitiveness. It is also recognised that a programme run according to the “better, faster, cheaper” philosophy relies on much closer integration of system design, development and verification, and draws heavily on a robust and comprehensive programme of technology development, which must run in parallel and off-line with respect to flight programmes.

A company's innovation capabilities will determine its future competitive advantage (in time, cost, performance or value) and overall growth potential. Innovation must be a process that can be counted on to provide repetitive, sustainable, long-term performance improvements. As such, it needs not depend on great breakthroughs in technology and concepts (which are accidental and rare). Rather, it could be based on bold evolution through the establishment of know-how, application of best practices, process effectiveness and high standards, performance measurement, and attention to customers and professional marketing. Having a technological lead allows industry to gain a competitive advantage in performance, cost and opportunities. Instrumental to better competitiveness is an R&D effort based on the adaptation of high technology products, capable of capturing new users, increasing production, decreasing the cost and delivery time and integrating high level of intelligence, information and autonomy. New systems will have to take in to account from the start what types of technologies are being developed or are already available in other areas outside space, and design their system accordingly. The future challenge for “faster, better, cheaper” appears to concern primarily “cost-effective”, performant autonomous spacecraft, “cost-effective”, reliable launching means and intelligent data fusion technologies and robust software serving mass- market real time services, distributed via EHF bands and Internet.

In conclusion, it can be noticed that in the past few years new approaches have considerably enlarged the ways in which space missions can be implemented. They are supported by true innovations in mission concepts, system architecture, development and technologies, in particular for the development of initiatives based on multi-mission mini-satellites platforms for communication and Earth observation missions. There are also definite limits to cost cutting (such as lowering heads counts and increasing efficiency), and therefore the strategic perspective must be shifted from the present emphasis on cost-driven enhancement to revenue-driven improvements for growth. And since the product life-cycle is continuously shortening, competitiveness is linked very strongly with the capability to generate new technology products which enhance cost/benefit performance.     

Kalman滤波工程应用问题分析及改进方法研究

Kalman滤波方法是理论成熟和工程应用广泛的估计方法。但在工程实际中，因原始数据质量和各种初始条件的变化，Kalman滤波经常出现不收敛的现象，尽管理论上有许多克服滤波发散的机制，但工程应用效果并不明显。本文从数据残差入手，提出了改进增益矩阵的滤波方法。经仿真计算证明，该方法有效的解决了滤波发散问题，并极大的提高了估计精度。