积分方程法计算翼型的跨音速绕流

从跨音速小扰动方程出发推导积分方程的过程中,本文用任意形状的封闭曲线C_Q（其极限趋于零）挖去奇点Q,最终得到无奇性（指无穷奇性,不包括Cauchy奇性）的积分方程。 对于跨音速流中的圆头翼型的前缘问题,提出了一种解决办法。 证明了Nixon给出的反演公式对于超临界有激波的小扰动流动也成立。 关于积分方程法中的人工粘性方法,对Sachdev和Lobo提出的方法做了改进。 最后给出了NACA0012翼型在有无升力和有无激波各种状态下的计算结果。比较表明,本方法的计算结果与其它方法的计算结果符合得较好,且计算量很小。     

跨声速翼型绕流计算边界层反方法的研究

本文用有限差分方法,通过有粘/无粘迭代计算了二元翼型的跨声速绕流问题。在边界层粘性区域内考虑了层流、转捩及湍流流动,当边界层内出现分离时,使用边界层反方法,采用代数湍流模型。算例表明,对激波/边界层弱干扰和强干扰情况,该方法的结果与风洞实验结果吻合良好,对于求解边界层小分离流场是一种好的近似方法。     

跨声速叶栅抽吸流、激波以及分离流相干效应

以某高负荷、跨声速压气机叶栅为研究对象,应用数值模拟手段探讨通过抽吸控制激波从而控制附面层发展的可行方法。研究结果表明：随着抽吸量的增加吸力面马赫数峰值提高,激波损失增加,同时使得吸力面马赫数峰值点位置后移,附面层分离减弱,分离的减弱所导致的总压恢复系数增加量要远大于激波强度增加所导致的总压恢复系数减小量;抽吸对叶栅性能改善存在一个最佳抽吸量1.2%;在保证叶栅静压压升不变的前提下,相对于未抽吸条件1.2%抽吸使得叶栅总压恢复系数提高10%,扩散因子降低18%,落后角减小5°;通道激波后实施附面层小流量抽吸不能有效改善附面层内部流动参数,当实现前缘入射斜激波投射点位于通道激波上游时,叶表附面层流动得到较大改善。     

Reassessment of the wall functions approach for RANS computations

To assert the validity of the wall law approach in a RANS code, the results obtained with this approach are compared with those obtained from computations with fine meshes for which the turbulence models, including wall damping functions, are integrated down to the wall. It is shown that a very simple representation of the velocity profile in the wall region gives good results for transonic flows over airfoils with shock wave/boundary layer interaction leading to separation. Moreover, it is also shown that the heat flux can be correctly predicted in separated regions. The case of the infinite swept wing near separation is also considered and gives excellent results.Four popular turbulence models, k–ε, k–ω, k–l and Spalart Allmaras, have been used for the study, but the approach can be extended to other models.     

运用GAO-YONG湍流模型对扩压器内跨声速流动的数值模拟

运用GAO-YONG可压缩湍流方程组,采用同位网格SIMPLE算法,对扩压器跨声速流动中的二维激波/湍流边界层干扰现象进行了数值模拟。将计算得到的流场的时均参数与实验值进行比较,数值模拟结果在激波强度、壁面压力分布以及分离点和再附点位置等方面,与实验值吻合较好,表明GAO-YONG可压缩湍流方程组能够比较准确的模拟较强激波/湍流边界层干扰流动,从而进一步为GAO-YONG湍流模型的正确性及其在可压缩流场模拟方面的适用性提供了佐证。     

开缝空腔抑制翼型跨声速抖振的数值模拟

采用非定常雷诺平均Navier-Stokes(URANS)方法计算了18%双圆弧翼型的跨声速抖振特性,分析了翼面激波振荡及流场结构演化的特点,研究了在翼型表面开通气空腔抑制跨声速抖振的可行性,对空腔深度、开缝数目对激波振荡的抑制效果进行了对比分析。计算发现,18%双圆弧翼型的跨声速激波自激振荡只有向前的运动,没有向后的运动,开缝空腔能够抑制翼型跨声速抖振,但对抖振频率影响不大;空腔深度大,抑制效果好,但空腔深度变化对振荡频率影响不大;开2、3、4个槽缝抑制抖振的效果差别不大,开缝数量对抖振频率影响不大。     

Shock control on a swept wing

Shock and boundary layer control by contour bumps and local boundary layer suction have been investigated experimentally and numerically on a transonic swept wing. Additional 2-D numerical investigations were performed for the airfoil, corresponding to the wing. The investigations were primarily stimulated by the question concerned with the influence of sweep on the bump effectiveness. This influence has been found to be rather small; the drag reduction by the bump is slightly lower for the swept wing than for the airfoil. A location of the bump in the shock region has shown its effectiveness for reducing shock strength and hence wave drag. A position of the bump downstream of the shock wave has been shown to reduce viscous drag and to postpone buffet-onset to higher lift coefficients. Furthermore, the results indicate that boundary layer suction is a powerful device for drag reduction, but the effectiveness decreases with increasing Reynolds number. Higher effectiveness of suction can be attained, when it is coupled with a contour bump. The parameters height and position (relative to the shock) of the bump, optimized in terms of drag, depend on the shock strength; an influence of the boundary layer thickness upstream of the shock on the optimal bump parameters has not been found. A possibility to control an adaptive bump, mounted on an aircraft wing, is to employ the trailing edge pressure.     

Double-decoupled inverse design of natural laminar flow nacelle under transonic conditions

The inverse design based on the pressure distribution is an essential approach to realize the improvement of Natural Laminar Flow(NLF) performance for nacelles. However, the direct definition of target pressure distribution at design point is challenging for the dilemma to consider the constraints of shock wave and laminar flow at the same time. In addition, the universality of method will be limited when the inverse design is strongly coupled with the solver. Thus, a double-decoupled methodolog...     

一种新型多维通量函数在求解平面叶栅跨音速流动的应用

采用一种改进的Ｒｏｅ格式对平面叶栅的无粘流动进行了数值模拟,并与Ｒｏｅ格式的计算结果进行了比较。采用四阶Ｒｕｎｇｅ－Ｋｕｔａ时间差分格式,空间三阶有限体积法。网格生成采用贴体网格近壁面修正的方法。计算结果表明,该格式在减少格式对网格的依赖性,抑制数值粘性方面具有明显的作用。     

激波-边界层-分离流相互干扰三维湍流的数值模拟

本文采用数值方法求解时间相关三维可压缩雷诺平均Ｎａｖｉｅｒ－Ｓｔｏｋｅｓ方程组,模拟激波—边界层—分离流相互干扰三维湍流流动。湍流模型为Ｂａｄｗｉｎ－Ｌｏｍａｘ两层代数模型,改进后用于三维内流问题。采用单元中心有限体积法离散流场控制方程,ＶａｎＬｅｅｒ矢通量格式计算无粘通量,中心差分法计算粘性通量,ＬＵＳＧＳ时间推进格式计算定常流场。本文以二元跨音速扩压器内三流动为算例,数值模拟较强激波—边界层—分离流相互干扰维湍流流动,并与实验结果进行了比较。数值模拟结果,在激波强度、分离点位置和再附点位置等方面,与实验结果吻合较好。     

激波控制鼓包提高翼型跨声速抖振边界

翼型抖振边界是仅次于升阻比的一项重要气动指标.采用定常雷诺平均Navier-Stokes方程,以升力线斜率平缓及激波位置振荡作为基本判据确定了RAE2822翼型在指定跨声速来流条件下的抖振边界.通过大量计算流体力学(CFD)验证,针对RAE2822翼型设计了一种特定外形的激波控制鼓包并确定了其具体安装位置.该激波控制鼓...     

Assessment and improvement of k-ω-γ model for separation-induced transition prediction

The purpose of this work is to improve the k-ω-γ transition model for separationinduced transition prediction. The fundamental cause of the excessively small separation bubble predicted by k-ω-γ model is scrutinized from the perspective of model construction. On the basis,three rectifications are conducted to improve the k-ω-γ model for separation-induced transition.Firstly, a damping function is established via comparing the molecular diffusion timescale with the rapid pressure-strain timescale...     

时间推进积分方程法求解非定常跨声速流动

本文提出了一种求解非定常跨声速流动的新方法——时间推进积分方程法,此法克服了时间线化积分方程法的限制,能较好地模拟激波的运动。本文首先用一维波(?)问题——模型问题阐明此法的基本思想,然后将它应用于二维非定常跨声速流动中。本文还首次引入拟速度位的概念,使时间推进积分方程式得到简化,尾涡条件和Kutta条件更易处理。数值计算表明时间推进积分方程法是合理可靠的。     

跨音弯掠风扇转子叶片的气动弹性剪裁

跨音风扇进口级增压比的进一步提高,主要受两方面的制约,一是效率,二是气动弹性失稳。这两个因素与转子流场中的激波和激波诱导的大尺度分离紧密相关。激波结构又和转子叶片前缘空间曲线形状直接联系。因此,如何精心设计转子叶片前缘空间曲线形状来控制激波结构,就成了当代风扇气动力学的前沿,并导致风扇弯掠空气动力学概念的出现。在具体设计中,此问题可称之为气动与气动弹性综合剪裁。本文简述综合剪裁中的一个组成部分,即气动弹性剪裁问题,并对一个单级风扇转子叶片给出实例。     

跨声速粘性流中的翼型设计与分析

本文采用一种数值方法设计和分析跨声速翼型。几个算例表明,对于激波/边界层弱干扰和强干扰情形,该方法的结果与风洞实验值吻合良好。但是,当翼型表面出现分离时,两者的差别较大。     

三维激波／附面层相互作用的起始分离预测

给出了一种预测三维激盘／附面层相互作用诱导的流动起始分离的方法。研究结果表明：激波与附面层相互作用所诱导的二次流动是影响起始分离的重要因素。当来流相对马赫数大于１．５时，强的激波／附面层相互作用可能导致跨音风扇转子叶尖区域的流动分离。     

一类关联转子分离尺度与损失的工程模型

将分离与损失相关联，提出了利用转子进出口参数来确定跨音风扇转子内部分离流动的方法。应用该方法对几个转子流场计算的结果表明，在转子的叶尖区域，由于强的激波与附面层相互作用，使得流动在激波后不久便发生分离。叶尖漏流涡可能对激波与附面层的相互作用诱导流动分离有较大影响。     

高负荷跨声速涡轮激波损失机理及控制技术研究

为了指导高性能、高负荷跨声速涡轮的设计,对其叶栅内的流场结构、尾缘波系结构、减小激波损失的机理及其控制技术进行了分析研究。结果表明:跨声速涡轮尾缘流场结构复杂,存在分离膨胀波、分离激波、基底区、再附激波、尾迹、吸力面反射波甚至激波边界层相互干扰等流动现象。通过采用收缩-扩张通道,喉道后采用直线型吸力面,减小吸力面尾缘弯折角、尾缘厚度和尾缘附近局部修型等措施,从而减弱激波强度,减小激波损失。     

Flow characteristics around airfoils near transonic buffet onset conditions

In transonic flow, buffet is a phenomenon of flow instability caused by shock wave/boundary layer interaction and flow separation. The phenomenon is common in transonic flow, and it has serious impact on the structural strength and fatigue life of aircraft. In this paper, three typical airfoils: the supercritical OAT15A, the high-speed symmetrical NACA64A010, and the thin, transonic/supersonic NACA64A204 are selected as the research objects. The flow fields of these airfoils under pre-buffet and buffet onset conditions are simulated by Unsteady Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes (URANS) method, and the mode analysis of numerical results is carried out by Dynamic Mode Decomposition (DMD). Qualitative and quantitative analysis of the shock wave motion, shock wave intensity, shock foot bubble and trailing edge separation, and pressure coefficient fluctuation were performed to attain deep insight of transonic buffet flow features of different airfoils near buffet onset conditions. The results of DMD analysis show that the energy proportion of the steady mode of these airfoils decreases dramatically when approaching the buffet onset angle of attack, while the growth rate of the primary mode increases inversely. It was found that at the onset of buffet, there exist different degrees of merging behavior between shock foot bubble and trailing edge separation during one buffet cycle, and the instability of shock wave and separation induced shear layer are closely related to the merging behavior.     

跨声速和超声速流中激波/边界层干扰数值模拟

对SST湍流模型中的Bradshaw常数a1进行了修正,并对跨声速和超声速流中激波/边界层干扰进行了数值模拟研究,空间离散采用二阶精度差值的低耗散通量分裂格式(LDFSS),时间离散采用对称高斯-赛德尔(SGS)算法。结果表明:在跨声速流动中,计算得到的壁面压力分布、分离区长度和速度剖面都与实验值吻合较好,而且很好地模拟了典型的λ激波结构;在超声速流动中,修正后模型的计算精度较原始模型有了较大改善,计算得到壁面压力分布和分离点的位置都和实验值吻合较好。