Automated air defense system using knowledge-based system

The proposed KAAD (knowledge-based automated air defense) system demonstrates a man-machine environment for airspace defense systems. When the unknown aircraft is hostile, a threat rating and response methods are generated by the system. It serves as a double-check decision-making system for a war control center. In addition to this application, the KAAD system can also be a useful tool as a training program for the war controller. The capabilities of the system are limited due to the shortage of knowledge resources. It requires communications among war controllers and air fighter pilots to organize a practical knowledge base. It is shown that the KAAD system can be combined with an automated ATC (air traffic control) system to become a practical system for air defense applications     

航空器海上飞行空域规划方法

为充分利用海上空域资源,提供海上飞行有效空域活动范围,针对海上空域可用资源问题进行了研究,主要目的是寻找一种有效的海上空域可用资源规划方法。一方面,分析了我国周边海域的海上空域资源,并基于岸基军、民航已规划使用空域的环境数据,结合周边空管雷达监视能力服务范围信息,设计了一种基于图形栅格化法的海上空域资源智能规划方法。另一方面,基于协同区域随机搜索算法,分析计算出适合航空器飞行的海上空域数据,可为航空器海上飞行空域规划提供可靠依据。     

战斗机嵌入式训练系统中的智能虚拟陪练

智能化"实虚"对抗是现代先进战斗机嵌入式训练系统的重要功能需求。自主空战决策控制技术在未来空战装备发展中扮演关键角色。将当前的功能需求和发展中的技术结合起来,得到了空战智能虚拟陪练的概念。先进控制决策技术的引入使得智能虚拟陪练能够帮助飞行员完成复杂的战术训练,而训练中真实的对抗场景为技术的验证提供了理想的环境,大量的训练数据为技术的持续迭代优化提供了保障。作为可学习和进化的空战战术专家,智能陪练在人机对抗和自我对抗中不断优化,当其具备与人相当甚至超越人的战术能力时,可应用于未来的无人空战系统。智能虚拟陪练需要具备4项基本能力：智能决策能力、知识学习能力、对抗自优化能力和参数化表示能力。对其包含的关键技术进行了分析,提出并实现了一个基于模糊推理、神经网络和强化学习的解决方案,展示了其各项基本能力及目前达到的空战水平。未来更多的模型和算法可在智能虚拟陪练的框架中进行验证和优化。     

主动雷达制导型空空导弹的火控算法

主动雷达制导型空空导弹是当今战斗飞机最重要的空战武器。一般均采用复合制导模式；具有多目标攻击能力；可以远距拦射，也可以近距格斗。主动雷达制导型空空导弹具有许多重要的特点和优点。本文讨论主动雷达制导型空空导弹的火控攻击算法，内容包括：攻击瞄准向量方程及其求解，主动末制导段起始点目标位置角验算等。     

现代战机最佳导引算法研究

针对现代战机向目标空域的导引过程,建立了载机与目标相对运动的数学模型。基于最优控制的相关理论,以导引的准确性和控制的经济性为性能指标,建立了飞机导引控制算法。该导引算法既考虑了导引的角度误差又考虑了目标线角速度误差,通过对所得到的导引算法进行仿真验证,表明所得到的导引算法具有较强的适应性,能够满足飞机的导引要求。     

Application of Ground/Air Data Link to General Aviation Operations

The Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) is currently upgrading secondary surveillance radars with systems which will have an integral data link capability, the Mode Select (Mode S) beacon system. These new systems will allow two-way data communications between ground systems (e.g., weather databases and Air Traffic Control (ATC) systems) and aircraft that are equipped with data link compatible Mode S transponders and suitable display and input devices. Initial data link services include both weather information and ATC advisories. The MITRE Corporation* is developing an in-house capability to perform end-to-end operational evaluation of data link services. Initially, a low-cost, portable pilot position man-machine interface is being developed for use in general aviation operations. The objective is to explore operational issues in laboratory and limited flight test environments, and to demonstrate these services on a data link I/O device, a laptop portable personal computer (PC) with touch panel. A group of pilots will bench test the interface design, and the results will be incorporated into the design used in flight testing. This paper describes the project's objectives and results to date, including implementation details and pilot test results.     

机动飞机的发展前景

给出了新一代歼击机的主要战术技术特点及国外为之开发的技术措施主要方向。首先提出了新一代歼击机超声速机动能力和超声速巡航能力的必要性 ,论述了直接控制能力的机动优势及采用超临界迎角的机动对飞机的要求 ,然后对动力装置、操纵系统、结构材料、隐身技术和气动外形布局等 5个方面的技术发展分别作了介绍本文给出了建立新一代歼击机布局的基本方向     

美军机载导航设备及其发展

美军在确定其军事导航定位和机载设备基本要求的基础上,突出导航能力的全球性、高精度和可靠性,对不同作战用途的飞机配置了不同的导航系统。介绍美军战斗机、攻击机、轰炸机、预警和指挥飞机装备的主要导航设备,主要性能参数和战术技术指标,分析美军机载导航设备研究方向和发展趋势,对我军与美军在机载导航设备的差异进行比较并分析差距,提出发展建议。     

Open system concepts for modular avionics

Advanced communications, guidance and navigation systems play key roles in determining superiority of one combat aircraft over another. The use of advanced technology is essential to meeting the mission requirements of present as well as future aircraft. Modular avionics are being used in next generation aircraft, such as the Air Force F-22 fighter and the Army Comanche helicopter, as the means of achieving higher levels of performance, including reduced volume and improved adaptability, maintainability, and expandability. New system acquisitions such as Joint Strike Fighter will attempt to achieve these same performance levels but at dramatically reduced life cycle cost. Retrofit applications will also take on increasing roles in meeting this affordability need as the Department of Defense (DoD) struggles to maintain readiness in the face of the shrinking defense budget. The government is encouraging the use of open standards practices as a means of addressing the affordability issue. The Open Systems Joint Task Force (OS-JTF), formed in September 1994, is chartered to “sponsor and accelerate the adoption of open systems in weapons systems and subsystem electronics to reduce life-cycle costs and facilitate effective weapon system intra- and interoperability”. The purpose of this paper is to relate the concept of open systems to modular avionics. It discusses the key attributes of an open systems approach and identifies key technologies necessary for its success     

ATM and FIS data link services

The Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) currently has under development data link services for Air Traffic Management (ATM), Flight Information Service (FIS), and communications, navigation, and surveillance (CNS). These services will be provided over the Aeronautical Telecommunications Network (ATN), a worldwide data network intended to provide data communications connectivity among mobile aircraft, airlines, and civil aviation authorities. The ATM and FIS services currently under development are part of an evolutionary process that will begin, for the most part, with duplication of voice services. In the future, services will facilitate a common source of data for pilots, controllers, and flight planners, as well as computer-to-computer communications between ground based and airborne automation systems. These future services will provide benefits such as the use of optimum aircraft tracks and flight profiles     

中国拟建航空卫星移动通信地面地球站（GES）的技术方案

中国民航正在计划实施航空卫星移动业务通信。ＡＭＳＳ系统有三个主要组成部分：空间段，地面地球站和机载地球站。中国国际航空公司已居其两架波音７４７型飞机上装有ＡＥＳ。不久将有更多飞国际航线的飞机安装ＡＥＳ。     

Intelligent modeling and identification of aircraft nonlinear flight

In this paper, a new approach has been proposed to identify and model the dynamics of a highly maneuverable fighter aircraft through artificial neural networks（ANNs）. In general, aircraft flight dynamics is considered as a nonlinear and coupled system whose modeling through ANNs, unlike classical approaches, does not require any aerodynamic or propulsion information and a few flight test data seem sufficient. In this study, for identification and modeling of the aircraft dynamics, two known structures of internal and external recurrent neural networks（RNNs） and a proposed structure called hybrid combined recurrent neural network have been used and compared.In order to improve the training process, an appropriate evolutionary method has been applied to simultaneously train and optimize the parameters of ANNs. In this research, it has been shown that six ANNs each with three inputs and one output, trained by flight test data, can model the dynamic behavior of the highly maneuverable aircraft with acceptable accuracy and without any priori knowledge about the system.     

Anti-aircraft artillery simulator

Air defense systems protect land and maritime resources from air attack. Depending on the regional characteristics and type of conflicting forces, air defense threats vary considerably. In regional conflicts, where forces with similar capabilities are involved and no air-superiority can be achieved, the role of air defense systems becomes critical. In combat terrains containing mountains (in mainland or in small islands), the man-operated or computer-controlled (using passive sensors) anti-aircraft artillery can be highly effective. The simulator presented in this work aims to exploit the capabilities provided by current commercial-off-the-shelf (COTS) communication and multimedia technologies for providing a training environment that improves the personnel capability for effective use of man-controlled anti-aircraft weapons.     

先进战斗机生命保障系统

生命保障系统为适应新型战斗机发展需求,围绕"以人为保障对象"系统特征,采用基于系统工程的需求/功能分析方法,从飞机总体、生理、六性、飞管、任务等需求出发,提出系统需求,开展需求分析向工程实践转化研究,确定分解了系统、成品的设计及指标要求。通过系统架构优化、提高快速响应能力研究,建立大系统综合的系统架构。基于数据共享、控制融合的飞管平台以及氧气介质传感器技术,结合六性、FMECA和FTA,开展数字协同环境下生命保障系统综合设计,系统电子信息化程度取得突破,具备高度综合的全数字显示与控制、自主诊断和状态监测能力,获得高效维修保障能力,为实现玻璃化座舱、快速出动、快速布防、跨区域作战、自主保障提供有力支撑。     

Distributed flight control system using fiber distributed datainterface (FDDI)

The design of fault-tolerant distributed control systems is discussed. The application described is a generic flight control system (FCS) for a fighter aircraft. The system is designed for high redundancy and expandability to meet various requirements. The communication network is based on the fiber distributed data interface (FDDI), which provides a high level of electromagnetic interference resistance and reliability. The choice of fiber optic media also provides an extremely high bandwidth and tremendous growth capability for future communications needs. This study is not specific to FDDI or flight control systems. The methods and configurations presented should be applicable to many real-time control implementations     

Department of Transportation Air Traffic Control Advisory Committee, 1968-1969

The Department of Transportation Air Traffic Control Advisory Committee concentrated on control of aircraft through the airspace, from takeoff to landing. Emphasis was placed on major terminal areas and on the denser portions of the enroute airspace where the need for efficient use of scarce resources (principally runways and terminal airspace) and the danger of mid-air collisions make sophisticated air traffic control mandatory if safety is to be assured without sacrifice of capacity. Airports were included in the study insofar as they strongly interact with air traffic control, and then, primarily, the committee's concern was with efficient use of runways. No work was done on airport access. Considerable effort was placed on the subject of noise reduction which may be critical to community acceptance of high-capacity airports.     

In-Flight Simulators

The Flight Dynamics Laboratory (FDL) has sponsored and managed the development and use of several generations of in-flight simulators during the last thirty years. These vehicles were designed and fabricated, and are operated by the Flight Research Department of Calspan Corporation, Buffalo, New York. These unique aircraft have been used to develop control laws and control systems, to evaluate new aircraft before first flight, to provide specialized training for test pilots, to perform essential flight research in flying and handling qualities, and to develop and validate the military specifications for handling qualitites of piloted airplanes. As aircraft and control systems have become more complex and capable, systems integration issues have required more and more effort and resources.     

基于四维导引的飞机纵向飞行剖面的解算与综合

定常Mach/CAS型下降是一种符合驾驶员实际操纵特性的剖面下降方法,可方便地用于对进入终端空域的飞机进行四维导引和控制。本文研究了这种四维飞行剖面的计算与综合技术,分析了剖面的构成与结构特点;讨论了剖面解算的数值积分算法和简化代数算法;对飞行速度剖面,提出了双参数描述法来扩大对飞行时间的调整范围,并开发了相应的迭代算法;最后以波音707飞机为对象,进行了数字仿真计算,得到了满意的结果。     

Preoperational testing of data link-based air traffic managementsystems in Magadan, far East Russia

The Global Positioning System (GPS) has been used in many ways which were unimagined by its original planners and implementers. This paper discusses one such application; the surveillance of commercial aircraft in a developing airspace environment. GPS provides system users with the ability to determine their own position with an accuracy, reliability and cost that is unprecedented. Voice procedures augmented by radar have been the primary tools for air traffic surveillance since the end of World War II. But for some countries the equipage of aircraft with GPS and a data link capable of carrying position reports to the ATC authorities is providing a viable alternative to long-range secondary radar systems. In the summer and fail of 1995, ARINC installed and demonstrated equipment in Magadan, Russia which permits air traffic controllers of MagadanAeroControl to monitor GPS position reports generated by aircraft as far away as Canada and the South Pacific. The position reports were displayed against maps and flight tracks. This equipment has clearly demonstrated an alternative technology for the upgrading of the ATC system in Siberia and other remote areas     

基于第二动力技术的TBCC综合能源展望

飞行器电能、液压能和气压能的功率需求由第二动力系统单独做功或提取发动机主轴功率供应。TBCC发动机模态转换后,第二动力系统无法从发动机主轴提取功率。因此,需要解决空天飞行器第二动力系统长时间大功率能量输出的问题。分析航空蓄电池、起动发电机、APU、GTS、ATS和RAT的技术特点、发展现状以及第二动力的发展趋势,结合高超声速飞行器的发展趋势,提出ATS/RAT组合和多电超导发动机/大比能的储能装置技术组合是实现空天高超声速飞行器综合能源的技术路线。