航空发动机高原起动性能改善措施

为了解决航空发动机高原起动超温和转速悬挂等问题,以某型航空发动机起动过程为研究对象,根据高原环境对发动机起动过程的影响进行理论分析,提出了优化高原起动措施,并进行了高原试验验证,摸索出各措施对起动过程的影响程度。结果表明:在发动机起动过程中采用飞机卸载的方式可使排气温度降低3%,起动机脱开转速提高3%;起动机功率提高约1%,点火转速及脱开转速提高约2%,起动时间缩短约8%。     

某型航空发动机起动故障试验

为解决某型航空发动机冷热态起动不兼容问题,基于发动机室内试车台,对起动过程进行研究,分析了起动故障原因。研究了起动机功率、起动机脱开转速及起动供油逻辑对起动性能的影响,通过多种调整措施,对起动过程进行了优化,并试验验证了措施的有效性。结果表明:起动机功率提高10%,起动时间缩短5%;起动机脱开转速提高2%,起动时间缩短18%～25%;调整优化起动供油逻辑,增加起动前中期供油量,减少后期供油量,可有效改善发动机的起动性能。      

舰载机发动机高温条件下起动试验研究

为解决某舰载机发动机高温起动问题,基于高低温起动规律验证试车台,通过模拟高温进气条件,设计并开展高温起动试验。试验数据均做归一化处理,试验结果表明,高温条件下,发动机脱开转速提高10%,发动机起动时间缩短0.01,起动最高排气温度降低0.05;高压压气机进口可调静子叶片角度打开2°,发动机起动最高排气温度降低0.03;发动机点火转速提高2%,发动机起动时间延长0.03,起动最高排气温度降低0.02;起动机最高输出功率增加3k W,发动机起动时间缩短0.06,起动最高排气温度降低0.02。以上4项措施均可改善发动机高温起动性能,对舰载机发动机的高温起动性能优化具有十分重要的意义。     

基于转速变化率控制的涡扇发动机地面起动试验研究

首先介绍了转速变化率起动方案,然后介绍了试验对象、测量方案、试验内容及数据处理,最后对采用转速变化率控制的涡扇发动机地面起动进行了试验研究。结果表明:起动过程转子转速上升平稳,排气温度较为理想,起动机脱开和功率提取对转速变化率影响较大;起动成功率高,且起动时间和排气温度有较大的裕度,起动性能可进一步提升;热态起动前若发动机通道内余温较高,可能导致起动失败。     

某民用飞机发动机空中起动时间对比分析

在描述风车起动和起动机起动过程的基础上,对比分析了起动机起动和风车起动的起动时间和点火时间。通过研究可知:（1）风车起动和起动机起动时间对比主要取决于起动机脱开前阶段,由于起动机的带转作用,起动机起动时间较短,但随着飞行速度增大,起动时间逐渐和风车起动接近;（2）风车起动和起动机起动的点火时间对比,主要取决于点火准备时间,起动机起动点火时间相对较长,随着飞行速度的增加,逐渐和风车起动点火时间接近。该研究可为发动机起动系统设计以及发动机空中起动试飞数据分析、排故提供参考。     

波音757型飞机发动机起动机的故障分析及预防

以某型起动机为例,详细介绍了波音757飞机发动机起动机的常见故障及排放措施,为延长发动机寿命提供保证。音757飞机发动机的起动机是空气涡轮起动系统,由压缩空气驱动起动机涡轮,带动发动机高压压气机转子转动,达到起动发动机所需的速度。起动的气源可来自地面、APU和其他发动机,起动机由壳体、涡轮、减速齿轮、棘爪和输出轴组成,有进气口和排气口。起动机的维护与发动机的起动直接相关,它的故障一般会导致航班的延误或取消。下面就以HANMILTION起动机（P／N774984）为例,谈谈波音757飞机发动机起动机的故障及相关措施。起动…     

航空发动机高原起动成功率提高措施

针对某型航空发动机在高原地区起动成功率偏低的问题,基于发动机起动工作原理,分析了起动失速、转速悬挂、排气温度超温等失败现象,得出失败是由剩余功率减小所致,制定了通过优化调整供油钉使发动机达到最佳油气比的调整方案,并采取增大涡轮起动机输出功率、卸载液压、优化调整供油量等3项措施。同时进行外场试车验证,判读飞参,对比采取措施前、后的起动数据。结果表明:采用调整方案后使发动机高原起动成功率提升30%,保证了发动机的工作性能,满足了用户的使用要求。     

非标准大气条件下航空发动机地面起动性能

为了得到非标准大气条件对航空发动机地面起动性能的影响,对非标准大气条件下空气涡轮起动机输出功率特性、标准大气条件下理想起动过程的影响因素进行了分析.研究了非标准大气条件对航空发动机地面起动性能影响,分析了大气温度对起动点火时间、起动时间、起动过程排气温度的影响.应用均匀加速原理,对某型涡扇发动机起动时间进行估算.基于地面台架起动试验条件,对试验数据统计分析:大气温度增加或降低,将增加起动点火及脱开时间.对大气温度在293.15K以上的开车次的平均起动时间与293.15K以下的平均起动时间进行对比,热天起动时间比冷天要短约3s,试验结果符合理论分析.      

空气涡轮起动机与APU引气共同工作特性匹配

正空气涡轮起动机(ATS)是现代大型民航客机发动机的主要起动系统,用于飞机发动机地面油封、启封、冷运转、假起动和空中辅助起动时带转高压转子,确保按照发动机需要将发动机高压转子带转到预定转速。空气涡轮起动机输出功率受进口气流参数的影响,进口气流参数又受APU引气特性的影响,而APU引气特性受到大气温度和海拔高度的影响。ATS与APU的共同工作特性匹配对发动机的起动性能具有较大的影响,若匹配不好,会导致     

某型燃气涡轮起动机空中起动调整试验

利用某型燃气涡轮起动机进行空中辅助起动发动机试验,以期突破其仅用于地面起动发动机的限制,扩展起动机及发动机的起动包线.试验中通过对起动机供油规律的不同方式调整,获得了一定的起动机空中起动调整规律,并保证了该型起动机在5 km及以下高度成功起动.本文的研究工作对于起动机设计、试验及发动机空中起动研究具有一定的工程实用价值.     

The effect of inlet conditions on the flow and heat transfer in multiple rotating cavity with axial throughflow

This paper discusses experimental results from two different build configurations of a heated multiple rotating cavity test rig.Measurements of heat transfer from the discs and tangential velocities are presented.The test rig is a 70% full scale version of a high pressure compressor stack of an axial gas turbine engine.Of particular interest are the internal cylindrical cavities formed by adjacent discs and the interaction of these with a central axial throughflow of cooling air.Tests were carried out for a range of non-dimensional parameters representative of high pressure compressor internal air system flows(Re up to 5×106 and Rez up to 2×105).Two different builds have been tested.The most significant difference between these two build configurations is the size of the annular gap between the(non-rotating) drive shaft and the bores of the discs.The heat transfer data were obtained from thermocouple measurements of surface temperature and a conduction solution method.The velocity measurements were made using a two component,LDA system.The heat transfer results from the discs show differences between the two builds.This is attributed to the wider annular gap allowing more of the throughflow to penetrate into the cavity.There are also significant differences between the radial distributions of tangential velocity in the two builds of the test rig.For the narrow annular gap,there is an increase of non-dimensional tangential velocity V/Ωr with radial location to solid body rotation V/Ωr=1.For the wider annular gap,the non-dimensional velocities show a decrease with radial location to solid body rotation.      

Research on Auto-detection for Remainder Particles of Aerospace Relay Based on Wavelet Analysis

Aerospace relay is one kind of electronic components which is used widely in national defense system and aerospace system. The existence of remainder particles induces the reliability declining, which has become a severe problem in the development of aerospace relay. Traditional particle impact noise detection (PIND) method for remainder detection is ineffective for small particles, due to its low precision and involvement of subjective factors. An auto-detection method for PIND output signals is proposed in this paper, which is based on direct wavelet de-noising (DWD), cross-correlation analysis (CCA) and homo-filtering (HF), the method enhances the affectiv-ity of PIND test about the small particles. In the end, some practical PIND output signals are analysed, and the validity of this new method is proved.     

Preparation of Highly Dispersed Antimony-doped Tin Oxide Nano-powder via Ion-exchange Hydrolysis of SnCl4 and SbCl3 and Azeotropic Drying

Antimony-doped tin hydroxide colloid precipitates have been synthesized by hydrolysis of SnCl4 and SbCl3 using: (1) an ion-exchange hydrolysis to remove chlorine ions, and (2) isoamyl acetate as an azeotropic solvent to obviate water. The obtained dried powder is of high dispersivity without any need for further grinding. The size and dispersivity of the final particles are investigated with the aid of TG-DTA, BET, XRD and TEM. After having calcined, the antimony-doped tin oxide nanopowder possesses a tetragonal rutile structure with high dispersivity, uniform particles and low hard agglomeration.     

Effects of Mo on the Microstructure and Hydrogen Sorption Properties of Ti-Mo Getters

The effects of Mo on the microstructure evolution, porosity and hydrogen sorption properties of Ti-Mo getters are investigated in this work. The results show that the addition of Mo prolongs the densification process of Ti-Mo getters and results in a significant amount of sintered pores. With the Mo content increasing, the porosity of getters firstly increases reaching the maximum value as it at- tains about 7.5wt.%, and then drops. At the room temperature, the hydrogen sorption property of getters increases progressively with the Mo content increasing, but the tendency is not very clear before its content lies below 2.5wt.%. When the Mo content achieves about 7.5wt.%, the hydrogen sorption property proves to be the best. The discussion is made about the above mentioned phenomena inclusive of hydrogen sorption properties of getters under different activation conditions (from 500-750 ℃).     

超声速燃烧数值模拟中的湍流与化学反应相互作用模型

高精度数值模拟有助于理解超声速湍流燃烧中湍流与化学反应的相互作用,可为发动机燃烧室等工程应用设计提供可靠的预测模型。除直接数值模拟外,目前在湍流燃烧应用中使用的大涡模拟和雷诺平均Navier-Stokes模拟均需要借助模型模化发生在湍流小尺度上的流动与化学反应过程对湍流大尺度运动的影响。现有的湍流与化学反应相互作用模型大致可分为:火焰面类模型和概率密度函数类模型,2类模型在不同的应用中各自具有优势和局限性。此外,现有模型大都基于低马赫数燃烧,而超声速燃烧中通常会伴随快速混合、局部熄火和再着火以及激波等复杂过程,这为发展其中的湍流与化学反应相互作用模型提出了更多的挑战。     

适于低轨卫星IP网络的单核共享树组播算法(英文)

为了解决低轨卫星IP网络中现有典型源组播算法的信道资源浪费问题,本文提出了一套单核共享树组播算法,即核心群合并共享树(CCST)和加权核心群合并共享树(w-CCST)算法。CCST 算法包括动态近似中心(DAC)选核方法和核心群合并组播路径构建方法。DAC方法专为周期、规律运动的低轨卫星网络提出,不需要复杂的星上计算。在核心群合并方法中,以核节点作为初始核心群,通过核心群和剩余组成员的最短路径方法逐步扩展直至整棵组播树构建完成,从而使得组播树的树代价最小,大大提高了网络的带宽利用率和组播传输效率。w-CCST 算法中所提出的加权因子可以调整树代价和端到端传播时延之间的折衷程度,因此,可以通过调整加权因子来适度增大树代价、降低端到端传播时延以支持某些端到端时延要求苛刻的实时组播业务。最后,与低轨卫星 IP 网络中典型算法进行了性能比较,仿真结果说明,CCST 算法的平均树代价比其它算法显著降低,w-CCST 算法的平均端到端传播时延小于 CCST 算法。     

Jet Vectoring Control Using a Novel Synthetic Jet Actuator

A primary air jet vectoring control system with a novel synthetic jet actuator (SJA) is presented and simulated numerically. The results show that, in comparison with an existing traditional synthetic jet actuator, which is able to perform the duty of either “push” or “pull”, one novel synthetic jet actuator can fulfill both “push” and “pull” functions to vector the primary jet by shifting a slide block inside it. Therefore, because the new actuator possesses greater efficiency, it has potentiality to replace the existing one in various appli- cations, such as thrust vectoring and the reduction of thermal signature. Moreover, as the novel actuator can fulfill those functions that the existing one can not, it may well be expected to popularize it into more flow control systems.     

Nonlinear Adaptive Slewing Motion Control of Spacecraft Truss Driven by Synchronous V-gimbaled CMG Precession

The slewing motion control of a truss arm driven by a V-gimbaled control-moment-gyro (CMG) is a nonlinear control problem. The V-gimbaled CMG consists of a pair of gyros that must precess synchronously. The moment of inertia of the system, the angular momentum of the gyros and the external disturbances are not exactly known. With the help of feedback linearization and recursive Lyapunov design method, an adaptive nonlinear controller is designed to deal with the unknown items. Performance of the proposed controller is verified by simulation.     

An SOR Implicit Time-accurate Scheme in Calculating Unsteady Flows

A new time-accurate marching scheme for unsteady flow calculations is proposed in the present work. This method is the combination of classical Successive Over-Relaxation (SOR) iteration method and Jacobian matrix diagonally dominant splitting method of LUSGS. One advantage of this algorithm is the second-order accuracy because of no factorization error. Another advantage is the low computational cost because the Jacobian matrices and fluxes are only calculated once in each physical time step. And, the SOR algorithm has better convergence property than Gauss-Seidel. To investigate its accuracy and convergency, several unsteady flow computa- tional tests are carried out by using the proposed SOR algorithm. Roe’s FDS scheme is used to discritize the inviscid flux terms. Un- steady computational results of SOR are compared with the experiment results and those of Gauss-Seidel. Results reveal that the numerical results agree well with the experimental data and the second-order accuracy can be obtained as the Gauss-Seidel for unsteady flow computations. The impact of SOR factor is investigated for unsteady computations by using different SOR factors in this algorithm to simulate each computational test. Different numbers of inner iterations are needed to converge to the same criterion for different SOR factors and optimal choice of SOR factor can improve the computational efficiency greatly.