转子滑动轴承系统中油膜谐波振荡过程的试验研究

通过试验成功地呈现了轴系中油膜振荡过程的一阶固有频率和1/2、1/3次谐波振荡现象及分岔、混沌等非线性特征,进一步探讨了转子升降速产生次谐波油膜振荡的过程与机理。针对1/2、1/3次谐波油膜振荡锁频,双低频及幅频分岔图特性等现象,提出了进一步深入轴承转子系统非线性动力学行为研究的有关问题。     

Arctic sea ice mapping with satellite radars

The drastic reduction of Arctic sea ice in recent years demands ice monitoring over various spatial and temporal scales. Sea ice backscatter signatures from field measurements and from model analyses are obtained at L-band and C-band frequencies. Based on these signatures, capabilities for Arctic sea ice mapping are determined for current and future satellite active microwave sensors including synthetic aperture radars (SAR) and scatterometers. This study includes L-band and C-band radars such as the ERS (European Remote Sensing), Envisat (Environmental Satellite), RADARSAT-1 and 2, ALOS (Advanced Land Observing Satellite), and DESDnyl (Deformation, Ecosystem Structure, and Dynamics of Ice). SARs with resolutions from 10 to 100 m, and the SMAP (Soil Moisture Active-Passive) scatterometer with resolutions from 1 to 10 km.     

块状RF 有机气凝胶的常压干燥制备及结构控制

以间苯二酚和甲醛为原料,无水碳酸为催化剂,在常压干燥条件下可成功制备出具有良好纳米网络结构的RF气凝胶。采用SEM、比表面测量仪及孔径分布仪(BET)等测试手段对其结构进行了表征与测试。结果表明,通过改变R/C可以实现有机气凝胶的颗粒直径及孔洞由纳米到微米级的连续调节.此外采用常压干燥法所得到的有机气凝胶样品具有321～632 kg/m3的低密度,其中密度为428 kg/m3的样品的比表面积为188 m2/g。     

The Radio Plasma Imager investigation on the IMAGE spacecraft

Radio plasma imaging uses total reflection of electromagnetic waves from plasmas whose plasma frequencies equal the radio sounding frequency and whose electron density gradients are parallel to the wave normals. The Radio Plasma Imager (RPI) has two orthogonal 500-m long dipole antennas in the spin plane for near omni-directional transmission. The third antenna is a 20-m dipole along the spin axis. Echoes from the magnetopause, plasmasphere and cusp will be received with the three orthogonal antennas, allowing the determination of their angle-of-arrival. Thus it will be possible to create image fragments of the reflecting density structures. The instrument can execute a large variety of programmable measuring options at frequencies between 3 kHz and 3 MHz. Tuning of the transmit antennas provides optimum power transfer from the 10 W transmitter to the antennas. The instrument can operate in three active sounding modes: (1) remote sounding to probe magnetospheric boundaries, (2) local (relaxation) sounding to probe the local plasma frequency and scalar magnetic field, and (3) whistler stimulation sounding. In addition, there is a passive mode to record natural emissions, and to determine the local electron density, the scalar magnetic field, and temperature by using a thermal noise spectroscopy technique.     

发动机支点柔性圆周炭石墨密封材料PV值试验

根据高空长航时航空发动机支点柔性圆周炭石墨密封材料的实际服役工况,从高摩擦线速度（60～130 m/s）、轻载（30～400 kPa）和温度（25～600 ℃）的角度出发,自主设计动态试验测试台,评测国内部分现役机型用炭石墨密封材料的PV值,并通过装机论证PV值试验的可行性。试验结果表明:采用80 m/s恒速,逐级增加载荷测得XX1#-1、XX2#-1、XX3#-1、XX4#-1和XX5#-1的许用[PV]值分别为4.8、5.9、6.9、9.1、12.3 MPa·m/s。采用300 kPa定载,逐级增加线速度测得XX2#-2、XX3#-2、XX4#-2和XX5#-2的许用[PV]值分别为6.0、8.0、10.0、12.0 MPa·m/s。经某研究所装机论证发现当试验样的许用[PV]值小于发动机的许用[PV]值时,易出现异常磨损,并伴随燃气泄漏;当试验样的许用[PV]值大于发动机的许用[PV]值时,能为发动机支点炭石墨密封材料选型提供材料特性数据,为发动机炭石墨密封材料的研究提供鉴别方法。此外,该试验方法将大大节约发动机用石墨封严材料选型的时间成本、人力成本和上机论证经费的投入成本。      

Design and calibration of the SeaWinds Scatterometer

The SeaWinds Scatterometer is a Ku-band Earth orbiting remote sensing radar. It has a 1 m dish antenna shared by two beams with respective nadir look angles of 40 and 46 deg, scanning azimuthally to provide greater than 90% daily coverage of the Earth at an altitude of 800 km. The first sensor was launched in 1999 and produces sea surface wind field to 2 m/s accuracy at 25 km resolution. The design and calibration of the SeaWinds radar is described here.     

Mutual coupling effects and their reduction in wideband directionof arrival estimation

The performance of multiple signal classification (MUSIC) algorithm using three different inputs over a wideband of frequencies is considered. These inputs are: 1) ideal voltages, 2) actual voltages which include coupling effects and are obtained with the method or moments, and 3) corrected voltages which are obtained from the actual voltages so that the mutual coupling effects are removed. Linear arrays of dipoles, sleeve dipoles, and spiral antennas are considered over 200 MHz to 400 MHz band     

超临界压力正十烷对流传热实验及计算研究

针对主动冷却超燃冲压发动机的实际工作条件,利用电加热管设备开展了超临界压力正十烷流动和传热特性实验,目的在于获得适用于发动机传热设计的燃料对流传热关联式。管子材料为不锈钢、内径1．5 mm、外径3．0mm、长度1300mm。采用K型热电偶测量管壁沿程外壁温。实验中正十烷压力约4．0～4．3MPa,温度约335～870K,流量分别为0．93、1．24和1．86g/s。正十烷的流动经历了层流、过渡和湍流3种流态。采用最小二乘法拟合实验数据,获得了正十烷在3种流态下的传热关联式。通过外壁温计算值与实验值的对比,验证了本文给出的传热关联式的适用性。     

The Electric Antennas for the STEREO/WAVES Experiment

The STEREO/WAVES experiment is designed to measure the electric component of radio emission from interplanetary radio bursts and in situ plasma waves and fluctuations in the solar wind. Interplanetary radio bursts are generated from electron beams at interplanetary shocks and solar flares and are observed from near the Sun to 1 AU, corresponding to frequencies of approximately 16 MHz to 10 kHz. In situ plasma waves occur in a range of wavelengths larger than the Debye length in the solar wind plasma λ _D ≈10 m and appear Doppler-shifted into the frequency regime down to a fraction of a Hertz. These phenomena are measured by STEREO/WAVES with a set of three orthogonal electric monopole antennas. This paper describes the electrical and mechanical design of the antenna system and discusses efforts to model the antenna pattern and response and methods for in-flight calibration.     

基于BP神经网络的GNSS-R海面风速反演

针对GNSS-R进行海面风速反演过程中时频域相关物理量较多，数据耦合性强等问题，提出了基于反向传播（BP）神经网络反演海面风速的方法。建立反演过程中相关观测量与风速的对应关系，选取多观测量作为输入，对输入数据进行处理，设置神经元与激励函数，使用BP神经网络自适应调整拟合参数，将风速作为神经网络输出端的特征量提取。反演结果，风速≤ 20 m/s时，反演均方根误差RMSE=1.21 m/s，风速>20 m/s时反演均方根误差RMSE=2.54 m/s，反演结果优于使用时延相关曲线前沿斜率（LES）和时延多普勒相关功率均值（DDMA）方法得到的反演结果，且迭代次数较少，复杂度较低，证明该方法可以应用于GNSS-R海面风速反演。     

合成射流速度特性的实验研究

利用热线风速仪，测量了某受激扬声器产生的合成射流的速度大小。详细测量了频率、功率、波形、空间距离等对合成射流平均速度、最大速度的影响。测量结果表明，所研究的合成射流激励器能够产生很大的射流速度：平均速度与最大速度分别达到42．5m／s和117m／s。合成射流速度强烈依赖于激励频率，测得3个共振频率分别为750Hz，1600Hz和2700Hz，在偏离共振频率时合成射流速度迅速减弱。     

Microstructure,thermophysical property and ablation behavior of high thermal conductivity carbon/carbon composites after heat-treatment

Uni-directional carbon/carbon composites with high thermal conductivity are suitable to supply continuous thermal protection for future reentry vehicles since they could reduce surface temperature and ablation rates simultaneously in harsh environments. In this work, the high thermal conductivity carbon/carbon composites were prepared by chemical vapor infiltration. After heat-treatment, both their open porosity and internal friction increase due to the fiber/matrix thermal expansion mismatch; while their thermal conductive performance become better due to more complete carbon structure. With raising heat-treatment temperature from 1800 °C to 2450 °C, the mass and linear ablation rates of C/C composites with fibers vertical to the oxyacetylene torch for 60 s decrease from 0.66 mg/s and 2.95 μm/s to 0.51 mg/s and 2.05 μm/s respectively. The improved ablation resistance is resulted from the increased thermal conductivity from 282 to 508 W/(m·K) and more carbon fibers exposed to the flame during ablation, which have better oxidation resistance than those of carbon matrix. While such ablation rates become larger for composites with fibers parallel to the flame, from 1.02 mg/s and 3.73 μm/s to 1.28 mg/s and 5.01 μm/s respectively since the ablation occurred more easily through gaps at the fiber/matrix interfaces, which become larger and are always exposed to the flame for this case.     

燃料组分差异对贫油熄火边界的影响

为了推进替代燃料的多元化,扩大航空燃料的组分分布。以标准航空煤油为基准,研究了柴油和高沸点费托油对燃烧室贫油熄火边界的影响。实验采用单头部燃烧室,通过改变燃烧室进出口压力,研究其熄火边界的变化规律,并分析了其与理化性质和组成的关联关系。结果显示在220kPa的出口压力下,航空煤油的熄火性能略优于另外两种燃油,高沸点费托油相比航空煤油熄火边界窄5%,而在140kPa的低压条件下,高沸点费托油的熄火边界相比航空煤油拓宽了8%。分析得到整体上低沸点烷烃和直链烷烃的熄火性能较好。      

Time-frequency method for detecting an accelerating target in sea clutter

The authors design a time-frequency (TF) method for use in high-frequency surface-wave radar (HFSWR) for detecting a small accelerating target in sea clutter. The clutter is modelled by pseudo targets moving with Bragg velocity towards and away from the radar. The design is based on the Wigner distribution (WD) defined by Chan (type-III WD, in our terminology) rather than the WD defined by Claasen and Mecklenbrauker (1980) (2times type-I WD, in our terminology). Like the type-I WD, the type-III WD also concentrates a chirp signal onto a straight line in the TF plane. The type-III WD has the following advantages: 1) Its range of unambiguously measurable frequencies (RUMF) is [-pi,pi] rad/s, whereas for the type-I WD the RUMF is [-pi/2,pi/2] rad/s. 2) It allows a target separated from the clutter by pi rad/s to be detected, whereas the type-I WD coalesces such a target with the clutter and thereby mask it. An ambiguity function (AF) was defined corresponding to the type-III WD and use it to derive a smoothed type-III WD that mitigates the clutter. The smoothed type-III WD method is applied to real radar data and shown to be superior to the conventional Fourier transform method. The advantages of the type-III WD over the type-I WD are also demonstrated. The design principles laid out in the paper can also be used to develop a TF method for use in air traffic control radar (ATCR) for detecting an accelerating target in land clutter     

某中空长航时无人机机载浮标分离安全性研究

研究机载浮标投放过程中气动干扰特性及浮标运动规律,对机载浮标安全投放方案的设计具有重要意义。采用计算流体力学方法对机载浮标投放过程进行数值模拟。通过动态嵌套网格技术模拟浮标运动,结合刚体六自由度运动方程求解三维非定常 N-S ( Navier-Stokes )方程,模拟基于察/打一体无人机平台的浮标自由投放过程,获得详细的包括浮标运动姿态、运动轨迹和受力情况等在内的数据信息;通过算例,验证本文数值模拟程序的准确性。结果表明:浮标投放过程中,轻质浮标口盖自由分离会对螺旋桨后推式无人机的安全性造成重大影响;考虑浮标口盖固连在浮标降落伞上的状态下,初速度为 0m / s 时投放浮标整体(包含浮标、降落伞、口盖)离螺旋桨最近距离为 0.151m ,安全余量不够;初速度为 1.8m / s 时投放浮标整体离螺旋桨最近距离为 0.671m ,满足投放安全性要求。     

Spiky sea clutter at high range resolutions and very low grazingangles

X-band (9.5-10.0 GHz) backscatter at near grazing incidence (0.2 deg) from the sea off the coast of Kauai, Hawaii, was measured with a radar characterized by a high spatial resolution in range (0.3 m) and a high temporal resolution (2000 Hz pulse repetition frequency (PRF)). Extensive amounts (over 20 min per measurement) of vertically and horizontally polarized sea clutter data were taken with upwind (UP) and crosswind (CR) transmit geometries during the collection campaign. Specific but representative examples of the clutter were statistically and phenomenologically analyzed over time scales varying from long (200 s), to intermediate (5 s), to short (50 ms), and over range swaths varying from full (160 m), to partial (30 m), to a single range cell (0.3 m). All analyses and results presented here are noncoherent, involving only the clutter amplitudes. Each type of clutter exhibited the characteristic spiky behavior which has come to be expected from microwave sea backscatter observed at low grazing angles and high range resolutions, while showing, between themselves, marked transmit geometry and polarization dependent contrasts, with the horizontally polarized clutter, measured with an UP transmit geometry, being especially notable for its frequently occurring, significant high frequency spectral content. Within the same clutter type, differences were observed in the probability distributions of radar cross sections (RCS) of spatially and temporally extended spiking events     

冷却速率对TC21合金相变行为的影响

采用末端淬火法研究了TC21合金自β相区冷却后冷却速率对合金相变和显微组织的影响,对取自末端淬火试样的不同区域试样进行了OM、XRD、TEM及显微硬度分析。结果表明:冷却速率大于122℃/s时,β相转变形成正交马氏体α″,冷速介于122℃/s和3℃/s之间时,发生块状转变,冷速继续降低,相变由扩散控制,形成两种不同形貌的魏氏体α片层:较平滑的α片层和较曲折的α片层;随冷却速率的降低,合金的显微硬度先增大后降低,冷却速率小于8℃/s后,显微硬度迅速降低。     

R141b在矩形微尺度通道中的两相流传热特性

设计搭建水力直径分别为1mm和0.5mm的矩形微尺度通道实验台,研究了以R141b型制冷剂作为工质的两相流沸腾传热特性。实验取热流密度为1～16kW/m2、质量流速为111.1～333.3kg/(m2·s)和质量干度为0～1,分析了三者对平均传热系数的影响,探究影响换热的主导因素。结果表明:热流密度较高时,平均传热系数随热流密度增加而减小,流动换热主要受到沸腾传热的影响;当质量流速较大且热流密度较低时,平均传热系数随热流密度增加而有所增长;热流密度较低时,平均传热系数随质量流速变化明显,热流密度升高到一定值后,质量流速对平均传热系数的影响很小;当质量流速处于111.1～333.3kg/(m2·s)时,平均传热系数随质量干度的增加而减小。      

Investigation of MHD power generation with supersonic non-equilibrium RF discharge

Magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) power generation with supersonic non-equilibrium plasma is demonstrated. Capacitively coupled radio frequency (RF) discharge (6 MHz, maximum continual power output of 200 W) was adopted to ionize the Mach number 3.5 (650 m/s), 0.023 kg/m3 airflow. In a MHD channel of 16 mm × 10 mm × 20 mm, MHD open voltage of 10 V is realized in the magnetic field of 1.25 T, and power of 0.12 mW is extracted steadily and con-tinuously in the magnetic field of 1 T. The reasons for limited power generation are proposed as:low conductivity of RF discharge; large touch resistance between MHD electrode and plasma;strong current eddies due to flow boundary layer. In addition, the cathode voltage fall is too low to have obvious effects on MHD power generation.     

国外机载海面监视雷达发展现状与趋势

首先对目前西方国家装备的较先进的机载海面监视雷达进行了介绍,总结了它们的技术特点。现役机载海面监视雷达具有多功能和多工作模式的特点,除增强了对高海况下的小目标检测能力外,还新增了气象探测、SAR/ISAR和HRRP等先进功能。最后指出了机载海面监视雷达未来发展趋势。