一种获取耀斑光变曲线的高精度,高分辨方法

一种获取耀斑光变曲线的高精度、高分辨方法栗志，周卫红（中国科学院云南天文台，昆明６５００１１）关键词太阳耀斑，光变曲线，测量方法太阳耀斑物理机制的研究，需要得到耀斑核的辐射的演化，在光学波段常用耀斑在单色光的辐射强度的时间变化曲线作为分析依据［１］．...     

CME影响下L1点附近等离子体及共生微波爆发的射电辐射机制研究

CME在产生和发展过程中与日冕和行星际介质相互作用并发出不同波长的射电辐射．在研究了无CME时空间等离子体的各种辐射机制基础上,统计分析了1999年2月至1999年8月期间有较大的CME发生情况下,在CME影响下L1拉格朗日点附近等离子体参数发生变化后的射电辐射机制．分析结果表明,其射电辐射机制主要是轫致辐射、微量的回旋辐射和更加微弱的复合辐射．此外,分析讨论了1999年2月至1999年8月期间与CME共生的太阳微波爆发．分析结果表明,与CME共生的是微波逐渐型爆发、尖峰爆发,其辐射机制主要是轫致辐射、回旋共振辐射、等离子体辐射及电子回旋脉泽辐射．     

厘米-分米波段Ⅲ型爆发的统计分析

统计分析了太阳第23周期间(2000年7月至2004年9月)在625~1500,MHz,2600~3800,MHz和5200~7600,MHz范围频谱仪观测到的Ⅲ型射电爆发. 给出了Ⅲ型爆发的分布、寿命、频率漂移率、偏振度和频率带宽. 结果显示, 频率漂移率和频率带宽的平均值随频率的增加而增大, 寿命和偏振度的平均值既不是常数也不是在宽频延伸上保持均匀不变的.最多的Ⅲ型爆发分布在625~3800,MHz范围内, 且随频率的增加而增多. 分析表明, 电子加速和能量释放地点主要是在分米波范围内, 这个频率范围的特征可能与分米波段上的磁位形有关, 并且与主耀斑地点附近磁重联区中的电子加速有关. 然而, 还有相当数量的Ⅲ型爆发发生在5200~7600,MHz范围内, 这个特征表明电子加速的地点是在一个日冕的宽范围中. 关于厘米relax-relax 分米波段Ⅲ型爆发的辐射机制最可能包含相干的等离子体辐射或电子回旋脉泽辐射过程.      

大耀斑期间向日面电离层总电子含量的响应个例分析

利用2001年4月15日1336UT耀斑爆发期间向日面GPS观测数据提取的总电子含量的时间变化曲线。分析了向日面电离层对这次耀斑的响应特点．结果表明，耀斑期间向日面电离层出现了总电子含量突增事件．最大总电子含量增加量约为2．6TECU，在0600LT和1800LT都观测到了总电子含量突增，世增加幅度仅为0．5-1TECU．在高纬地区，由于电离层闪烁，从TEC时间变化曲线提取不出来总电子含量增加值．从各卫星星下点处的TEC增加量和各星下点处的太阳天顶角的关系可以看到，TEC增加量与太阳天顶角有关，太阳天顶角越大，TEC增幅越小。另外，从总电子含量时间变化率曲线上还观测到了时间同步的小尺度扰动，通过与耀斑期间硬X射线辐射通量的比较，发现两者有明显的相关性，电离层中的这种扰动与耀斑期间的硬X射线或远紫外辐射有关．     

1989年3月大宇宙线暴事件的特征

本文分析了1989年3月一系列大耀斑等离子体抛射引起的宇宙线强度变化的特征.除对中子成分分析外,还对μ介子成分及其各向异性特征作了分析,讨论了宇宙线强度变化与太阳耀斑特性和地磁扰动之间的关系。分析发现,宇宙线的Forbush下降不仅与太阳耀斑的级别、持续时间,以及在日面上的位置有关,而且还与光学耀斑是否伴有强的X射线暴、是否有强的射电爆发,以及是否引起强的地磁暴紧密有关.各向异性分析表明,3月大事件的各向异性明显小于宁静时的各向异性,这可能是因为受到太阳活动强烈调制之后,宇宙线各向异性趋于减小的原因.     

利用MF雷达对耀斑期间电离层D区电子密度的观测研究

利用MF雷达观测资料对X级别耀斑爆发期间在66-80km高度之间的电子密度进行了研究，观测到了耀斑爆发期间电子密度的突然增加，在较低高度上的电子密度的时间变化趋势与耀斑的软X射线辐射通量相关．电子密度的变化强度依赖于具体的耀斑参数，有些耀斑引起的电子密度增加高达400cm^-3，有些仅为100cm^-3左右．但耀斑期间在这一高度区间增加的总电子含量增量仅占耀斑辐射引起的整个电离层总电子含量增量的千分之一左右．最后，利用恢复阶段电子密度的时间变化过程估算了1997年11月4日耀斑期间部分高度上的有效复合系数．     

重返月球,该如何应付太阳磁暴

今年1月20日15时左右，太阳发生一次X7．9级的耀斑爆发(俗称太阳风暴或太阳磁暴)。这是继16日、17日、19日太阳连续几次发生X级(太阳耀斑爆发从小到大可分为A、B、C、M、X五级，以X级为最强)耀斑爆发后的又一次大爆发。这也是15年来太阳发生的级别最高的太阳磁暴。受此次太阳耀斑爆发的影响，世界上许多地方通信、广播、     

太阳耀斑的行星引潮力触发

阐述了太阳潮波动力学的概况，依据实际资料的统计结果指出；行星引潮力触发耀斑的效应随耀斑级别的增大而增强；对于3级及其以上耀斑，强潮汐触发较之弱触发的耀斑产出率之比高达9.33；这个重要事实在预报地球和日地空间灾害性扰动方面，会有相当大的实际价值。     

太阳耀斑硬X射线高能时延和辐射展宽

本文从耀斑高能电子束流与太阳大气相互作用产生硬X射线辐射的基本事实出发,根据观测资料,提出了一个流量与能谱同步变化的注入源函数模型,研究太阳大气(靶物质)密度对耀斑硬X射线时间响应.理论计算与观测事实基本一致.主要计算结果如下:高能时延与辐射展宽是耀斑硬X射线轫致辐射时间特征的二种表现,硬X射线发射区的太阳大气密度越低,高能时延与辐射展宽效应越明显,二者之间存在显著的相关性.      

X射线耀斑的分析及其与Ha耀斑的比较

本文利用SMM卫星的X射线资料,以及云南天文台的光学观测资料,分析了1980年7月14日的3B级耀斑.求得X射线耀斑能谱随时间的变化;计算了耀斑爆发时加速的电子总数和电子的平均能量;并测量和比较了Hα耀斑和X射线爆源的位置.结果表明:(1)硬X射线爆由高能非热电子束引起;(2)软X射线爆基本上由高温等离子体的热韧致辐射所产生,但必须考虑非热电子轫致辐射的贡献;(3)确定X射线爆源的高度,有赖于耀斑模型及活动区磁场位形.所得结果支持耀斑过程的新浮磁流模型(EMF模型).     

Some recent results in the interpretation of high brightness temperature microwave spike emission

Theoretical work on the interpretation of high brightness temperature microwave spike emission is reviewed, with emphasis upon recent contributions from the University of Maryland. Recent work on the interpretation of the spike emission as gyrosynchrotron masering is reviewed. Two alternative radiation mechanisms, stimulated plasma emission from the coherent intraction of electrostatic upper hybrid waves and from the interaction of electron plasma waves, are also discussed.     

微等离子体转化二氧化碳发射光谱诊断

火星大气层的主要成分为二氧化碳,如果能够利用低温等离子体方法高效分解二氧化碳,使其转化为氧气和一氧化碳加以利用,可以大幅降低航天员生命保障相关载荷长途运输的成本,进一步提高生命保障能力.低温等离子体放电过程中会产生大量活性组分,可以在数百度温度下实现二氧化碳的高效解离,是具有很大潜力的二氧化碳解离与转化方式.设计了一种...     

不同稀释气体下等离子体辅助甲烷点火

等离子体由于可以同时在燃料反应中增加化学效应与热效应,有望成为辅助点火的有效技术途径。构建了基于激波管的等离子体辅助甲烷点火实验系统,测量了甲烷自点火、持续放电以及放电后断电条件下的点火延迟时间,分析了不同稀释气体下等离子体对甲烷点火延迟的缩短效果。构建了等离子体发射光谱测量系统,测量了放电单元中的发射光谱。在实验条件下,点火温度越高,持续放电下活性粒子的浓度越高。较小的放电功率(4 W)即可将甲烷的点火延迟时间缩短30%~95%。稀释气体为Ar时,等离子体在点火温度小于1 000 K或大于1 400 K时对甲烷点火延迟时间缩短作用更好。稀释气体为N2时,随着点火温度的升高,等离子体对甲烷点火延迟时间作用效果随之降低。     

Radio wavelength observations of magnetic fields on active dwarf M,RS CVn and magnetic stars

The dwarf M stars YZ Canis Minoris and AD Leonis exhibit narrow-band, slowly varying (hours) microwave emission that cannot be explained by conventional thermal radiation mechanisms. The dwarf M stars AD Leonis and Wolf 424 emit rapid spikes whose high brightness temperatures similarly require a nonthermal radiation process. We attribute them to coherent mechanisms such as an electron-cyclotron maser or coherent plasma radiation. If the electron-cyclotron maser emits at the second or third harmonic of the gyrofrequency, the coronal magnetic field strength H = 250 G or 167 G and constraints on the plasma frequency imply an electron density of N_e = 6 × 10⁹cm⁻³. Coherent plasma radiation requires similar values of electron density but much weaker magnetic fields. Radio spikes from AD Leonis and Wolf 424 have rise times τ_R ⩽ 5 ms, indicating a linear size of L ⩽ 1.5 × 10⁸cm, or less than 0.005 of the stellar radius. Although Ap magnetic stars have strong dipole magnetic fields, they exhibit no detectable gyroresonant radiation, suggesting that these stars do not have hot, dense coronae. The binary RS CVn star UX Arietis exhibits variable emission at 6 cm wavelength on time scales ranging from 30 s to more than one hour. The shortest variation implies a linear size much less than that of the halo observed by VLBI techniques, and most probably sizes smaller than those of the component stars. The observed variations might be due to absorption by a thermal plasma located between the stars.     

Gyrosynchrotron Radiation of Interplanetary CMEs

CMEs (Coronal Mass Ejections) are an important means of energy release in the solar corona. Solar Polar Orbit Radio Telescope (SPORT) is a mission being proposed for observing the propagation of interplanetary CMEs from solar polar orbit. The main payload onboard SPORT is a synthetic aperture interferometric radiometer, which receives radio emission of interplanetary CMEs. It is identified that there are mainly three radio emission mechanisms of CMEs, i.e., bremsstrahlung, gyrosynchrotron emission and plasma emission. Among these emission types, bremsstrahlung emission is the main emission mechanism of the high-density plasma clouds of interplanetary CMEs. Gyrosynchrotron emission is the continuous emission generated by high-energy electrons from CMEs, while plasma emission is the main mechanism of transient radio bursts from CMEs. In this paper, the gyrosynchrotron emission of interplanetary CMEs is focused on. Firstly, the mechanism of gyrosynchrotron emission is reviewed. Secondly, a review of the physical parameter models of background solar wind and interplanetary CMEs is presented. After these, the brightness temperature and polarization of gyrosynchrotron emission of interplanetary CMEs are calculated and analyzed. Finally, the detectability of gyrosynchrotron emission of interplanetary CMEs by radio meters is discussed briefly.      

The Comet Halley flyby I.R. sounder “I.K.S.”

An infrared sounder is being developed in France to observe in 1986 Comet Halley from the Soviet “VEGA” flyby probes. The instrument, called “I.K.S.”, has three measuring channels. Two of these channels will provide the spectrum of the comet emission in the spectral intervals 2.5–5.0 μ and 6–12 μ, at a constant resolution λ/Δλ = 50.The third channel analyzes the comet I.R. image at a spatial frequency of about 1 arc minute^?1; two I.R. colours are used in this channel: 7–10 μ and 10–14 μ. From the results expected, it is hoped that (1) most primary simple molecules emitted by the nucleus will be identified; (2) the chemical composition and perhaps crystalline structure of the dust grains and ices released by the comet will be derived; and (3) the diameter of the nucleus and its brightness temperatures will be measured.     

基于凝结实验平台的音速喷嘴凝结现象研究

音速喷嘴中流动的蒸汽或含湿气体由于自身的温降而发生凝结现象,对音速喷嘴的计量会产生一定的影响。针对音速喷嘴凝结现象和自激振荡的复杂变化情况,利用一套凝结实验平台研究了音速喷嘴内湿空气凝结现象,得到了不同条件的喷嘴沿程压力,并建立了凝结流动Eulerian两相模型,对凝结现象的影响因素进行了数值分析,使实验结果得到了验证和补充。结果表明,载气的压力、温度、湿度会对凝结产生比较大的影响。凝结发生位置伴随载气温度、湿度的提高而前移,强度有所增大。随着载气压力的增大,凝结发生位置前移,但是强度相对减弱。自激振荡的频率与载气湿度、温度呈正相关,与载气压力呈负相关,振幅与载气的压力、温度、湿度均呈正相关。     

The infrared imaging channel of the IKS instrument for detection of Comet Halley nucleus

The imaging Channel of the IKS Instrument placed on board the Vega fly-by probes will perform measurements of the infrared emission of the central region of Comet Halley at distances in the 10⁴ ? 10⁵ km range. An encoding wheel analyses one spatial frequency of the infrared image during the whole fly-by. Inversion of this measurement will give low resolution brightness profiles of the nucleus and its immediate surroundings, in two wave-length bandpasses and in two directions of analysis.     

Assessment of the occurrence of radio frequency interference with AMSR-E observations over India

The AMSR-E observed brightness temperatures over India have been analyzed to study the impact of manmade radio frequency interference (RFI) sources for the two dry months April and May from 2003 to 2010. It is observed that the brightness temperature values far exceed 300 K over different locations of India indicating the presence of RFI. It is pronounced over the urban areas. The regions over Punjab, Haryana and Delhi show a marked increase in spread of the RFI affected areas. The RFI affected areas have increased from 15% to 30% from 2003 to 2007 and decreased thereafter. A maximum brightness temperature of 353 K is observed in April 2007 indicating very high level of RFI.