V-22“鱼鹰”飞机典型事故浅析

本文研究了V-22"鱼鹰"飞机在试验与使用过程中发生的重大意外事故,对V-22飞机存在的主要设计缺陷及反复质量问题等进行了剖析,形成对我国倾转旋翼机发展的启示和建议,为我国后续发展倾转旋翼机装备提供借鉴。     

NASA大型民用倾转旋翼机进展研究

倾转旋翼机是一种结合固定翼飞机和旋翼飞机双重优势的新型飞机,它具有速度快、油耗低、垂直起降等特点。在波音和贝尔公司联合研制的军用倾转旋翼机取得成功后,NASA试图在相关技术的基础上研制出一种90座、航程约为1200nmile、速度约为600km/h的新型先进民用倾转旋翼支线飞机,进而取代现役固定翼支线飞机。通过系统地搜集和科学地分析,明晰了NASA大型民用倾转旋翼机项目的内容、进展、风险和影响并对ARJ21支线项目提出早期预警。     

变直径倾转旋翼机设计重心包线研究

倾转旋翼机具有直升机垂直起降和固定翼高速前飞的特点，而变直径倾转旋翼机可以同时满足其悬停和巡航状态对旋翼的设计要求。基于飞行动力学模型，提出一种倾转旋翼机重心极限及设计重心包线计算方法。以XV-15进行方法验证，分析了旋翼变直径对全机重心包线的影响。结果表明，大直径有利于扩大直升机模式和过渡状态的重心包线，而直径变化对固定翼飞机模式重心包线无影响。     

倾转旋翼机过渡飞行阶段控制律设计研究

过渡段飞行控制技术是倾转旋翼机飞行控制系统的关键技术。本文在倾转旋翼机过渡静力平衡特性和力矩配平特性分析基础上,对倾转旋翼机过渡段基准飞行轨迹及短舱转角规律进行了设计。然后利用推力矢量技术,采用拉力矢量/空气舵组合操纵方法,对倾转旋翼机过渡飞行段控制律进行了设计与仿真研究。     

初步设计阶段倾转旋翼机短距起飞性能设计方法研究

倾转旋翼机兼具垂直起降和高速巡航能力,已在诸多领域得到广泛应用。研究倾转旋翼机特有的短距起飞方式下的起飞性能设计计算方法,对飞机研制项目的成功具有重要意义。提出一套适用于初步设计阶段短距起飞方式下的起飞性能设计方法,该方法包括短舱最小倾斜角的确定、起飞离地速度和起飞距离计算公式的推导;同时将该方法用于倾转旋翼机的初步设计,并分析机场海拔高度和不同天气条件对起飞性能的影响。结果表明:该方法计算结果合理,符合起飞规律,具有良好的工程应用价值。     

倾转旋翼机的发展与关键技术综述

倾转旋翼机是一种新构型的飞行器，它一方面可免去跑道垂直起降，另一方面还可以相当于固定翼飞机作高速远程飞行，增大飞行包线。它集直升机和固定翼飞机特长于一身，是当今世界飞行器技术前沿性、突破性和跨越性发展的结晶。本文对倾转旋翼机国外技术的发展进行了简单回顾，并对研制过程中所存在的主要关键技术进行了综合分析。     

倾转旋翼机连续倾转过渡状态数值模拟

倾转旋翼机在倾转过渡过程中气动构型不断变化,气动特性具有强非线性的特点。针对倾转旋翼机复杂的连续倾转过渡状态,基于运动嵌套网格和局部坐标系理论建立一套适合于模拟倾转旋翼机连续倾转过渡状态的网格系统,并采用 RANS 方程建立适合于强非线性气动特性的非定常流场分析的 CFD 方法;采用该方法模拟某型倾转旋翼机从直升机模式到固定翼模式的连续倾转过渡状态的气动特性。结果表明：对于不同的倾转过渡时间,旋翼和机体气动特性随旋翼倾转角增加变化趋势基本一致;随着旋翼倾转角增加,机体升力系数先增大后减小,在旋翼倾转角 40°附近达到最大,相比初始状态及平飞状态增大约 30%;随着旋翼倾转角、总距角及前飞速度线性增大,旋翼拉力系数及其垂向分量逐渐减小;旋翼倾转角和前飞速度线性增大,采用合适的总距角非线性变化曲线,倾转旋翼机总升力可以保持在目标值附近。     

倾转旋翼机传动系统多状态响应特性研究

以倾转旋翼机发动机短舱内的传动系统为研究对象,根据设计的传动结构建立了它的动力学模型和动态响应方程,分析了倾转旋翼机旋翼在起降、巡航和过渡三种状态下的激励特性,并针对三种状态下旋翼激励的特点对传动系统动态响应进行了数值求解,最后研究了传动系统中齿轮啮合的动载系数的变化特点,并对系统的共振频率进行了探讨.研究工作对倾转旋翼机的传动系统的可靠性分析和动态优化设计等均有参考意义.      

倾转旋翼机舵面故障后动态倾转过渡优化

倾转旋翼机操纵面故障后的安全高效应急操纵是避免飞行事故的重要环节。本文计算分析了倾转旋翼机遭遇不同作动器故障后倾转过渡的飞行轨迹和操纵优化。首先将倾转旋翼机不同舵面故障后的安全过渡倾转问题转换为最优控制问题，然后采用混合多重打靶法将最优控制问题离散为非线性规划问题，并进行数值求解。以XV-15为研究对象，面向基于最优控制模型的倾转过渡过程进行验证，随后注入舵面损伤、卡滞故障，计算并分析故障后的最优安全倾转过程和操纵策略。结果表明，当升降舵出现舵效损失时，飞行员需要增大纵向杆量输出，可完成动态倾转过渡，但随着损失增大，倾转过渡的操纵复杂度会提升；升降舵出现卡滞后，调节飞行速度，改变了倾转过渡路径，可完成正向倾转过渡。     

基于拉格朗日方程的倾转旋翼机动力学建模

针对倾转短舱与机体间的气动干扰和惯性耦合特征,基于拉格朗日原理推导出了倾转旋翼机的纵向飞行动力学方程。在此基础上,以XV-15倾转旋翼机为对象,针对几种不同的短舱倾角,计算分析了飞行器的配平特性和过渡模式动态响应特性。仿真结果表明,所建立的动力学模型是合理的。该模型可用于研究倾转旋翼机的直升机飞行模式、飞机飞行模式及过渡飞行模式下的纵向飞行特性。     

The effect of inlet conditions on the flow and heat transfer in multiple rotating cavity with axial throughflow

This paper discusses experimental results from two different build configurations of a heated multiple rotating cavity test rig.Measurements of heat transfer from the discs and tangential velocities are presented.The test rig is a 70% full scale version of a high pressure compressor stack of an axial gas turbine engine.Of particular interest are the internal cylindrical cavities formed by adjacent discs and the interaction of these with a central axial throughflow of cooling air.Tests were carried out for a range of non-dimensional parameters representative of high pressure compressor internal air system flows(Re up to 5×106 and Rez up to 2×105).Two different builds have been tested.The most significant difference between these two build configurations is the size of the annular gap between the(non-rotating) drive shaft and the bores of the discs.The heat transfer data were obtained from thermocouple measurements of surface temperature and a conduction solution method.The velocity measurements were made using a two component,LDA system.The heat transfer results from the discs show differences between the two builds.This is attributed to the wider annular gap allowing more of the throughflow to penetrate into the cavity.There are also significant differences between the radial distributions of tangential velocity in the two builds of the test rig.For the narrow annular gap,there is an increase of non-dimensional tangential velocity V/Ωr with radial location to solid body rotation V/Ωr=1.For the wider annular gap,the non-dimensional velocities show a decrease with radial location to solid body rotation.      

Research on Auto-detection for Remainder Particles of Aerospace Relay Based on Wavelet Analysis

Aerospace relay is one kind of electronic components which is used widely in national defense system and aerospace system. The existence of remainder particles induces the reliability declining, which has become a severe problem in the development of aerospace relay. Traditional particle impact noise detection (PIND) method for remainder detection is ineffective for small particles, due to its low precision and involvement of subjective factors. An auto-detection method for PIND output signals is proposed in this paper, which is based on direct wavelet de-noising (DWD), cross-correlation analysis (CCA) and homo-filtering (HF), the method enhances the affectiv-ity of PIND test about the small particles. In the end, some practical PIND output signals are analysed, and the validity of this new method is proved.     

Preparation of Highly Dispersed Antimony-doped Tin Oxide Nano-powder via Ion-exchange Hydrolysis of SnCl4 and SbCl3 and Azeotropic Drying

Antimony-doped tin hydroxide colloid precipitates have been synthesized by hydrolysis of SnCl4 and SbCl3 using: (1) an ion-exchange hydrolysis to remove chlorine ions, and (2) isoamyl acetate as an azeotropic solvent to obviate water. The obtained dried powder is of high dispersivity without any need for further grinding. The size and dispersivity of the final particles are investigated with the aid of TG-DTA, BET, XRD and TEM. After having calcined, the antimony-doped tin oxide nanopowder possesses a tetragonal rutile structure with high dispersivity, uniform particles and low hard agglomeration.     

Effects of Mo on the Microstructure and Hydrogen Sorption Properties of Ti-Mo Getters

The effects of Mo on the microstructure evolution, porosity and hydrogen sorption properties of Ti-Mo getters are investigated in this work. The results show that the addition of Mo prolongs the densification process of Ti-Mo getters and results in a significant amount of sintered pores. With the Mo content increasing, the porosity of getters firstly increases reaching the maximum value as it at- tains about 7.5wt.%, and then drops. At the room temperature, the hydrogen sorption property of getters increases progressively with the Mo content increasing, but the tendency is not very clear before its content lies below 2.5wt.%. When the Mo content achieves about 7.5wt.%, the hydrogen sorption property proves to be the best. The discussion is made about the above mentioned phenomena inclusive of hydrogen sorption properties of getters under different activation conditions (from 500-750 ℃).     

超声速燃烧数值模拟中的湍流与化学反应相互作用模型

高精度数值模拟有助于理解超声速湍流燃烧中湍流与化学反应的相互作用,可为发动机燃烧室等工程应用设计提供可靠的预测模型。除直接数值模拟外,目前在湍流燃烧应用中使用的大涡模拟和雷诺平均Navier-Stokes模拟均需要借助模型模化发生在湍流小尺度上的流动与化学反应过程对湍流大尺度运动的影响。现有的湍流与化学反应相互作用模型大致可分为:火焰面类模型和概率密度函数类模型,2类模型在不同的应用中各自具有优势和局限性。此外,现有模型大都基于低马赫数燃烧,而超声速燃烧中通常会伴随快速混合、局部熄火和再着火以及激波等复杂过程,这为发展其中的湍流与化学反应相互作用模型提出了更多的挑战。     

适于低轨卫星IP网络的单核共享树组播算法(英文)

为了解决低轨卫星IP网络中现有典型源组播算法的信道资源浪费问题,本文提出了一套单核共享树组播算法,即核心群合并共享树(CCST)和加权核心群合并共享树(w-CCST)算法。CCST 算法包括动态近似中心(DAC)选核方法和核心群合并组播路径构建方法。DAC方法专为周期、规律运动的低轨卫星网络提出,不需要复杂的星上计算。在核心群合并方法中,以核节点作为初始核心群,通过核心群和剩余组成员的最短路径方法逐步扩展直至整棵组播树构建完成,从而使得组播树的树代价最小,大大提高了网络的带宽利用率和组播传输效率。w-CCST 算法中所提出的加权因子可以调整树代价和端到端传播时延之间的折衷程度,因此,可以通过调整加权因子来适度增大树代价、降低端到端传播时延以支持某些端到端时延要求苛刻的实时组播业务。最后,与低轨卫星 IP 网络中典型算法进行了性能比较,仿真结果说明,CCST 算法的平均树代价比其它算法显著降低,w-CCST 算法的平均端到端传播时延小于 CCST 算法。     

Jet Vectoring Control Using a Novel Synthetic Jet Actuator

A primary air jet vectoring control system with a novel synthetic jet actuator (SJA) is presented and simulated numerically. The results show that, in comparison with an existing traditional synthetic jet actuator, which is able to perform the duty of either “push” or “pull”, one novel synthetic jet actuator can fulfill both “push” and “pull” functions to vector the primary jet by shifting a slide block inside it. Therefore, because the new actuator possesses greater efficiency, it has potentiality to replace the existing one in various appli- cations, such as thrust vectoring and the reduction of thermal signature. Moreover, as the novel actuator can fulfill those functions that the existing one can not, it may well be expected to popularize it into more flow control systems.     

Nonlinear Adaptive Slewing Motion Control of Spacecraft Truss Driven by Synchronous V-gimbaled CMG Precession

The slewing motion control of a truss arm driven by a V-gimbaled control-moment-gyro (CMG) is a nonlinear control problem. The V-gimbaled CMG consists of a pair of gyros that must precess synchronously. The moment of inertia of the system, the angular momentum of the gyros and the external disturbances are not exactly known. With the help of feedback linearization and recursive Lyapunov design method, an adaptive nonlinear controller is designed to deal with the unknown items. Performance of the proposed controller is verified by simulation.     

An SOR Implicit Time-accurate Scheme in Calculating Unsteady Flows

A new time-accurate marching scheme for unsteady flow calculations is proposed in the present work. This method is the combination of classical Successive Over-Relaxation (SOR) iteration method and Jacobian matrix diagonally dominant splitting method of LUSGS. One advantage of this algorithm is the second-order accuracy because of no factorization error. Another advantage is the low computational cost because the Jacobian matrices and fluxes are only calculated once in each physical time step. And, the SOR algorithm has better convergence property than Gauss-Seidel. To investigate its accuracy and convergency, several unsteady flow computa- tional tests are carried out by using the proposed SOR algorithm. Roe’s FDS scheme is used to discritize the inviscid flux terms. Un- steady computational results of SOR are compared with the experiment results and those of Gauss-Seidel. Results reveal that the numerical results agree well with the experimental data and the second-order accuracy can be obtained as the Gauss-Seidel for unsteady flow computations. The impact of SOR factor is investigated for unsteady computations by using different SOR factors in this algorithm to simulate each computational test. Different numbers of inner iterations are needed to converge to the same criterion for different SOR factors and optimal choice of SOR factor can improve the computational efficiency greatly.