军用与民用机载软件开发标准和流程的对比研究

军用机载软件开发标准主要是GJB 2786A《军用软件开发通用要求》,民用机载软件开发标准主要是DO-178B/C《机载系统和设备合格审定中的软件考虑》。针对这两份标准进行了对比研究和差异分析,对于完善军用软件研发标准体系和流程有一定意义。     

机载适航标准DO-178B/C软件开发过程研究

介绍了DO-178B/C标准的发展历程,结合对DO-178B/C标准机载软件生命周期过程的研究,分析了机载软件开发过程需求、设计、编码和集成子过程的关系及输入输出数据,在分析机载软件需求、设计、编码及集成子过程的目标、活动和转换准则的基础上,给出了各子过程的过程模型.展望了DO-178B/C标准的未来研究方向.     

浅谈DO-178C中附加代码验证目标的实现

DO-178C要求基于需求的测试结构覆盖率分析可以在源代码、目标码或者可执行目标码级别开展,如果结构覆盖率分析在源代码级别开展,那么测试覆盖分析并不包含对编译器、链接器产生的附加代码的验证。DO-178C要求A级软件应特别关注这些附加代码,对附加代码进行识别,并按照正常代码的验证要求对附加代码进行验证。在分析DO-178C、DO-248C、CAST-12的基础上,从适航认证角度探讨了基于源代码执行结构覆盖分析时,A级软件如何满足DO-178C表A-7目标9“不能追踪到源代码的附加代码的验证已完成”。     

RTCA DO-178C标准中的软件验证过程分析

研究了DO-178C中软件验证过程活动的开展及方法,提出了在工程实践中开展软件验证活动和提升软件质量的建议。指出DO-178C与航空工业标准体系融合及应用,对提升我国机载软件质量有重要意义。     

从DO-178C的新变化透视软件适航关注点

深刻理解DO-178C标准对于提升机载软件开发能力具有重要意义。分别从软件生存周期过程活动和过程目标两个维度对比和分析DO-178C与DO-178B的差异,按照计划过程、开发过程、验证过程、配置管理过程、质量保证过程和合格审定联络过程分类,列举了每个过程新增的或变更的考虑内容,并详细分析了过程目标的变化。根据差异分析,从强调以目标为中心、源代码到目标码的映射、参数数据、双向追踪、基于需求的鲁棒性测试和耦合性验证6个方面解析了DO-178C强调的思想,并总结了一些可行的实践。     

民用飞机软件验证要求研究与实践

DO-178C实际上已成为民用飞机适航取证时用以衡量机载软件是否达到相应等级的安全性要求的标准,它以软件工程过程为核心,从定义过程应达到的目标、为满足目标所需要开展的活动、达到目标的证据等多个角度提出了软件研制的指导原则。DO-178C覆盖软件生命周期全过程,本文介绍了其中关于软件验证的标准以及对标准的理解和实践考虑。     

满足适航要求的嵌入式操作系统测试方法

以被定义为DO-178C Level A级软件的自主版权嵌入式实时操作系统为应用模型，提出了一种基于DO-178C标准的嵌入式实时操作系统的测试方法。提出的测试模式解决了操作系统内核在目标机中难以测试的问题，同时对操作系统在目标机环境进行测试的一些具体问题给出了解决方案。方法既适合现阶段国军标对软件测试提出的要求，又保证了嵌入式操作系统软件测试活动与适航要求的符合性。     

基于DO-178C的机载软件质量保证与管理

DO-178C 作为机载软件适航可接受的符合性标准,明确要求机载软件综合过程中必须包含软件质量保证（SQA）过程。以机载软件的软件生命周期定义、过程和数据为基础,从目标、活动和符合性评审三个方面分析基于DO-178C 的软件质量保证过程的实施;结合软件项目质量管理技术和工具,从规划软件质量管理、管理软件质量和控制软件质量三个过程研究基于DO-178C 的软件质量管理方法并给出工程实践建议。结果表明：本文将软件质量保证与质量管理紧密结合,形成了适航要求的相关证据,提供了符合需求的民用机载软件,有效保证了机载软件的质量和持续改进措施。     

机载设备软件需求获取过程研究

DO-178B机载设备软件的开发指南,规定了软件生存周期中各个过程的目标以及完成目标的活动和证据;但是DO-178B标准中没有给出软件需求获取的具体过程.针对机载设备软件AE653/Cert的认证过程进行研究,诠释需求获取过程中的建模方法和原则,给出需求获取过程的具体描述及其变更控制和配置管理.最后通过分析验证软件需求获取过程生成的需求和工作产品可以符合DO-178B的目标,为机载软件开发过程的需求获取提供了参考依据.     

民机适航软件工具鉴定考虑

软件工具在航空器研发过程中所起的作用越来越大,为了保证民用飞机的安全性,DO-178B对在民用飞机研发过程中所使用的软件工具提出了鉴定的要求。为了规范工具鉴定过程,伴随着DO-178C的发布,RTCA专门发布了工具鉴定指导文件DO-330。通过对DO-178B、DO-178C、DO-330中有关工具鉴定内容的对比和分析,明确了最新工具鉴定的分级定义、工具鉴定的过程和目标;针对当前广泛使用的COTS工具,描述了工具鉴定应考虑的因素。为按照民机适航要求开展工具鉴定工作提供了指导。     

The effect of inlet conditions on the flow and heat transfer in multiple rotating cavity with axial throughflow

This paper discusses experimental results from two different build configurations of a heated multiple rotating cavity test rig.Measurements of heat transfer from the discs and tangential velocities are presented.The test rig is a 70% full scale version of a high pressure compressor stack of an axial gas turbine engine.Of particular interest are the internal cylindrical cavities formed by adjacent discs and the interaction of these with a central axial throughflow of cooling air.Tests were carried out for a range of non-dimensional parameters representative of high pressure compressor internal air system flows(Re up to 5×106 and Rez up to 2×105).Two different builds have been tested.The most significant difference between these two build configurations is the size of the annular gap between the(non-rotating) drive shaft and the bores of the discs.The heat transfer data were obtained from thermocouple measurements of surface temperature and a conduction solution method.The velocity measurements were made using a two component,LDA system.The heat transfer results from the discs show differences between the two builds.This is attributed to the wider annular gap allowing more of the throughflow to penetrate into the cavity.There are also significant differences between the radial distributions of tangential velocity in the two builds of the test rig.For the narrow annular gap,there is an increase of non-dimensional tangential velocity V/Ωr with radial location to solid body rotation V/Ωr=1.For the wider annular gap,the non-dimensional velocities show a decrease with radial location to solid body rotation.      

Research on Auto-detection for Remainder Particles of Aerospace Relay Based on Wavelet Analysis

Aerospace relay is one kind of electronic components which is used widely in national defense system and aerospace system. The existence of remainder particles induces the reliability declining, which has become a severe problem in the development of aerospace relay. Traditional particle impact noise detection (PIND) method for remainder detection is ineffective for small particles, due to its low precision and involvement of subjective factors. An auto-detection method for PIND output signals is proposed in this paper, which is based on direct wavelet de-noising (DWD), cross-correlation analysis (CCA) and homo-filtering (HF), the method enhances the affectiv-ity of PIND test about the small particles. In the end, some practical PIND output signals are analysed, and the validity of this new method is proved.     

Preparation of Highly Dispersed Antimony-doped Tin Oxide Nano-powder via Ion-exchange Hydrolysis of SnCl4 and SbCl3 and Azeotropic Drying

Antimony-doped tin hydroxide colloid precipitates have been synthesized by hydrolysis of SnCl4 and SbCl3 using: (1) an ion-exchange hydrolysis to remove chlorine ions, and (2) isoamyl acetate as an azeotropic solvent to obviate water. The obtained dried powder is of high dispersivity without any need for further grinding. The size and dispersivity of the final particles are investigated with the aid of TG-DTA, BET, XRD and TEM. After having calcined, the antimony-doped tin oxide nanopowder possesses a tetragonal rutile structure with high dispersivity, uniform particles and low hard agglomeration.     

Effects of Mo on the Microstructure and Hydrogen Sorption Properties of Ti-Mo Getters

The effects of Mo on the microstructure evolution, porosity and hydrogen sorption properties of Ti-Mo getters are investigated in this work. The results show that the addition of Mo prolongs the densification process of Ti-Mo getters and results in a significant amount of sintered pores. With the Mo content increasing, the porosity of getters firstly increases reaching the maximum value as it at- tains about 7.5wt.%, and then drops. At the room temperature, the hydrogen sorption property of getters increases progressively with the Mo content increasing, but the tendency is not very clear before its content lies below 2.5wt.%. When the Mo content achieves about 7.5wt.%, the hydrogen sorption property proves to be the best. The discussion is made about the above mentioned phenomena inclusive of hydrogen sorption properties of getters under different activation conditions (from 500-750 ℃).     

超声速燃烧数值模拟中的湍流与化学反应相互作用模型

高精度数值模拟有助于理解超声速湍流燃烧中湍流与化学反应的相互作用,可为发动机燃烧室等工程应用设计提供可靠的预测模型。除直接数值模拟外,目前在湍流燃烧应用中使用的大涡模拟和雷诺平均Navier-Stokes模拟均需要借助模型模化发生在湍流小尺度上的流动与化学反应过程对湍流大尺度运动的影响。现有的湍流与化学反应相互作用模型大致可分为:火焰面类模型和概率密度函数类模型,2类模型在不同的应用中各自具有优势和局限性。此外,现有模型大都基于低马赫数燃烧,而超声速燃烧中通常会伴随快速混合、局部熄火和再着火以及激波等复杂过程,这为发展其中的湍流与化学反应相互作用模型提出了更多的挑战。     

适于低轨卫星IP网络的单核共享树组播算法(英文)

为了解决低轨卫星IP网络中现有典型源组播算法的信道资源浪费问题,本文提出了一套单核共享树组播算法,即核心群合并共享树(CCST)和加权核心群合并共享树(w-CCST)算法。CCST 算法包括动态近似中心(DAC)选核方法和核心群合并组播路径构建方法。DAC方法专为周期、规律运动的低轨卫星网络提出,不需要复杂的星上计算。在核心群合并方法中,以核节点作为初始核心群,通过核心群和剩余组成员的最短路径方法逐步扩展直至整棵组播树构建完成,从而使得组播树的树代价最小,大大提高了网络的带宽利用率和组播传输效率。w-CCST 算法中所提出的加权因子可以调整树代价和端到端传播时延之间的折衷程度,因此,可以通过调整加权因子来适度增大树代价、降低端到端传播时延以支持某些端到端时延要求苛刻的实时组播业务。最后,与低轨卫星 IP 网络中典型算法进行了性能比较,仿真结果说明,CCST 算法的平均树代价比其它算法显著降低,w-CCST 算法的平均端到端传播时延小于 CCST 算法。     

Jet Vectoring Control Using a Novel Synthetic Jet Actuator

A primary air jet vectoring control system with a novel synthetic jet actuator (SJA) is presented and simulated numerically. The results show that, in comparison with an existing traditional synthetic jet actuator, which is able to perform the duty of either “push” or “pull”, one novel synthetic jet actuator can fulfill both “push” and “pull” functions to vector the primary jet by shifting a slide block inside it. Therefore, because the new actuator possesses greater efficiency, it has potentiality to replace the existing one in various appli- cations, such as thrust vectoring and the reduction of thermal signature. Moreover, as the novel actuator can fulfill those functions that the existing one can not, it may well be expected to popularize it into more flow control systems.     

Nonlinear Adaptive Slewing Motion Control of Spacecraft Truss Driven by Synchronous V-gimbaled CMG Precession

The slewing motion control of a truss arm driven by a V-gimbaled control-moment-gyro (CMG) is a nonlinear control problem. The V-gimbaled CMG consists of a pair of gyros that must precess synchronously. The moment of inertia of the system, the angular momentum of the gyros and the external disturbances are not exactly known. With the help of feedback linearization and recursive Lyapunov design method, an adaptive nonlinear controller is designed to deal with the unknown items. Performance of the proposed controller is verified by simulation.     

An SOR Implicit Time-accurate Scheme in Calculating Unsteady Flows

A new time-accurate marching scheme for unsteady flow calculations is proposed in the present work. This method is the combination of classical Successive Over-Relaxation (SOR) iteration method and Jacobian matrix diagonally dominant splitting method of LUSGS. One advantage of this algorithm is the second-order accuracy because of no factorization error. Another advantage is the low computational cost because the Jacobian matrices and fluxes are only calculated once in each physical time step. And, the SOR algorithm has better convergence property than Gauss-Seidel. To investigate its accuracy and convergency, several unsteady flow computa- tional tests are carried out by using the proposed SOR algorithm. Roe’s FDS scheme is used to discritize the inviscid flux terms. Un- steady computational results of SOR are compared with the experiment results and those of Gauss-Seidel. Results reveal that the numerical results agree well with the experimental data and the second-order accuracy can be obtained as the Gauss-Seidel for unsteady flow computations. The impact of SOR factor is investigated for unsteady computations by using different SOR factors in this algorithm to simulate each computational test. Different numbers of inner iterations are needed to converge to the same criterion for different SOR factors and optimal choice of SOR factor can improve the computational efficiency greatly.