S形进气道流动控制数值模拟研究

现代高性能作战飞机大多采用S形进气道,由于S形进气道内部曲率较大,边界层容易分离,因而降低了发动机的性能,尤其是其出口处的旋流畸变较大,导致发动机更容易发生喘振。针对某S形进气道中流动分离较大的问题,采用给其内表面加装涡流发生器的方法,以减小进气道出口旋流畸变。通过数值模拟和性能计算可以发现,加装涡流发生器后进气道流动分离和旋流畸变大幅度减弱。     

亚声速S弯进气道研究的新进展

当前推进系统与飞行器正朝着高度融合的方向发展,超紧凑蛇形进气道和边界层吸入式进气道则是实现两者融合的关键之一。本文综述了近十余年来国内外关于这两类亚声速S弯进气道的最新研究进展。受显著横向压力梯度、流向逆压梯度的作用,两类进气道内部均存在明显的流动分离,并诱发了大尺度的流向对涡和显著的出口总压畸变。为此,研究者发展了被动式、主动式、混合式等多种流动控制方法,可在不显著降低总压恢复系数的前提下,大幅降低设计工况时出口周向总压畸变。并且,已经建立可适应任意异形进口的S弯进气道气动型面通用设计方法。最后,已有的CFD方法可以较为准确地预测AIP截面平均总压恢复系数,但畸变指数偏差较大。     

有无边界层吸入对S弯进气道流动特性的影响

为了深入认识一种吸入大量来流边界层的S弯进气道,在完成其设计的基础上,采用仿真方法对其流动特性展开了研究,并与无边界层吸入的S弯进气道进行了对比。结果表明:由于吸入大量来流边界层,该进气道进口段流场主要受钝体绕流与平板边界层相互干扰作用;在内通道第二弯段后半段,二次流逐渐发展成为对涡,并将堆积在下壁面的低能流卷向截面中间,最终在出口截面的中下半部形成了低总压恢复区。另外,边界层的吸入使得进气道总压恢复系数下降约0.04,且随出口马赫数的升高,总压恢复系数先升高后降低,而在无边界层吸入的S弯进气道中总压恢复系数随之单调降低。     

S弯进气道旋流畸变数值模拟及特性分析

利用FLUENT软件对S弯进气道旋流畸变进行数值模拟,通过分别对不同攻角、侧滑角飞行状态下的进气道沿程及出口流场进行分析,展现了旋流畸变的产生机理和发展过程。引入旋流评价指标,对旋流畸变进行评定,并与总压畸变评价体系进行对比和分析。研究表明:该S弯进气道出口固有的对涡旋流结构不随攻角变化,但旋流强度随攻角的增大略有减弱;在侧滑状态下,该S弯进气道出口对涡旋流消失,旋流以整体涡出现且强度较大;传统的总压畸变指数无法描述旋流,引入的旋流评价指标能较为准确、直观地评定旋流畸变强度和流场结构。     

带旁通的双S弯进气道设计及性能

针对一种带旁通的双S弯进气道开展了气动设计和性能仿真研究。探索了改变第一S弯长度对进气道的影响,通过流场流动和砂粒轨迹的分析,对初始设计的模型进行修正,然后在修正后的基准模型的基础上,采用数值模拟方法,重点研究了不同扫气比和过渡截面面积比对进气道管道内流动特性和排砂效率的影响。结果表明：第一S弯的长度过小则气动性能好但不利于排砂,过大则气动性能差但排砂效果好。过渡截面面积比在减小的过程中,进气道气动性能略微下降。当形成分离涡后,总压损失迅速增大,但出口总压畸变指数降低。面积比过大或者过小都不利于进气道排砂。随着扫气比增大,排砂性能提高,进气道出口总压恢复基本稳定,畸变增大。     

大量附面层吸入S弯进气道内吹气控制

为了提高某大量附面层吸入的半埋入S弯进气道气动性能,采用数值模拟方法对其进行吹气控制研究并详细分析了吹气控制机理及吹气位置、吹气量、吹气角度变化对控制效果的影响.结果表明:吹气位置变化显著影响控制效果,最佳吹气位置位于气流分离点稍前的第1弯附近,该位置吹气比为1.75%、吹气角度为20°吹气时总压恢复系数相对原型提高约0.56%,出口周向总压畸变系数和旋流畸变系数分别下降约43.14%和83.60%;吹气角度并非越大越好,吹气时需尽量满足吹气角度较小,保证吹出的气流始终位于附面层内,避免与主流掺混而造成损失;总压恢复、出口周向总压畸变以及旋流畸变三者随吹气量变化的趋势不同,吹气量越大进气道总压恢复及总压畸变改善越明显,而旋流畸变随吹气量的增加先快速下降,随后变缓,最终甚至出现增加的趋势.      

不同进气状态对矩形大S弯扩压器流动特性的影响

通过亚音扩压器内壁面流谱图、有关截面的总压恢复分布图、速度矢量图以及各壁面沿程静压恢复系数分布分析对比了四种进气状态下矩形大Ｓ弯扩压器流动特性。试验表明不同进气状态对矩形大Ｓ弯扩压器性能有很大影响，其中均匀核心流进气条件下的流动代表了大Ｓ弯扩压器流动的一般特征，其出口平均总压恢复系数最高，周向总压畸变指数不大，旋流很弱。研究腹部或两侧进气道地面起飞进气状态下矩形大Ｓ弯扩压器的流动特性更具有实际意义。试验表明其出口平均总压恢复系数较低，周向总压畸变指数较大，旋流较强且很不规则。     

涡流发生器对Bump进气道性能影响数值研究

以一种Bump进气道为研究对象,通过在S弯扩压段入口处布置涡流发生器来控制流动分离,减小出口总压畸变。采用CFD数值计算软件对Bump进气道在设计点(Ma=2.0)与非设计点(Ma=1.8,0.8)工况下内、外流场进行计算,分析不同涡流发生器方案的效果。计算结果表明:在设计点工况下,安装涡流发生器能够抑制流动分离,改善进气道流场品质,减小出口总压畸变;在一些非设计点工况下会增大Bump进气道出口总压畸变;Bump进气道总压损失有所增大,不同叶片间距的涡流发生器对总压损失的影响相当。      

基于弹体表面吹气的埋入式进气道性能改善

针对埋入式进气道进口处吸入了大量的弹身边界层低能流而导致的总压恢复系数较低,出口流场畸变较大的问题,提出了一种基于弹体表面吹气的埋入式进气道流场控制概念,并采用数值仿真先对不带进气道的纯弹身模型进行了边界层控制研究,而后进一步对完整的进气道/弹身模型进行了仿真分析,获得了吹气控制措施对埋入式进气道流动结构和工作性能的影响特性.结果表明:合适的吹气方案确实能够有效地吹除部分弹身边界层,改善埋入式进气道进口前的边界层状况及内通道流态,提高其总压恢复系数并降低出口流场畸变.设计状态下埋入式进气道的总压恢复系数提高了1.5%,畸变指数降低了6.6%.      

边界层吸入对方转圆进气道、风扇耦合影响

针对方转圆S弯进气道及风扇部件吸入进口边界层的影响问题,采用定常与非定常CFD数值模拟方法模拟并分析了进口吸入不同高度边界层时进气道、风扇部件的总体特性和流场特征,数值结果表明:随着进口边界层吸入厚度增加,进气道出口稳态周向总压畸变指数增大,风扇进口畸变区总压亏损增加、流量系数降低、相对气流角增大。但畸变区范围没有明显增加,进气道和风扇总体性能受进口边界层增厚影响不明显。受风扇增压作用影响,出口气流参数沿周向的畸变度得到有效削弱。     

The effect of inlet conditions on the flow and heat transfer in multiple rotating cavity with axial throughflow

This paper discusses experimental results from two different build configurations of a heated multiple rotating cavity test rig.Measurements of heat transfer from the discs and tangential velocities are presented.The test rig is a 70% full scale version of a high pressure compressor stack of an axial gas turbine engine.Of particular interest are the internal cylindrical cavities formed by adjacent discs and the interaction of these with a central axial throughflow of cooling air.Tests were carried out for a range of non-dimensional parameters representative of high pressure compressor internal air system flows(Re up to 5×106 and Rez up to 2×105).Two different builds have been tested.The most significant difference between these two build configurations is the size of the annular gap between the(non-rotating) drive shaft and the bores of the discs.The heat transfer data were obtained from thermocouple measurements of surface temperature and a conduction solution method.The velocity measurements were made using a two component,LDA system.The heat transfer results from the discs show differences between the two builds.This is attributed to the wider annular gap allowing more of the throughflow to penetrate into the cavity.There are also significant differences between the radial distributions of tangential velocity in the two builds of the test rig.For the narrow annular gap,there is an increase of non-dimensional tangential velocity V/Ωr with radial location to solid body rotation V/Ωr=1.For the wider annular gap,the non-dimensional velocities show a decrease with radial location to solid body rotation.      

Research on Auto-detection for Remainder Particles of Aerospace Relay Based on Wavelet Analysis

Aerospace relay is one kind of electronic components which is used widely in national defense system and aerospace system. The existence of remainder particles induces the reliability declining, which has become a severe problem in the development of aerospace relay. Traditional particle impact noise detection (PIND) method for remainder detection is ineffective for small particles, due to its low precision and involvement of subjective factors. An auto-detection method for PIND output signals is proposed in this paper, which is based on direct wavelet de-noising (DWD), cross-correlation analysis (CCA) and homo-filtering (HF), the method enhances the affectiv-ity of PIND test about the small particles. In the end, some practical PIND output signals are analysed, and the validity of this new method is proved.     

Preparation of Highly Dispersed Antimony-doped Tin Oxide Nano-powder via Ion-exchange Hydrolysis of SnCl4 and SbCl3 and Azeotropic Drying

Antimony-doped tin hydroxide colloid precipitates have been synthesized by hydrolysis of SnCl4 and SbCl3 using: (1) an ion-exchange hydrolysis to remove chlorine ions, and (2) isoamyl acetate as an azeotropic solvent to obviate water. The obtained dried powder is of high dispersivity without any need for further grinding. The size and dispersivity of the final particles are investigated with the aid of TG-DTA, BET, XRD and TEM. After having calcined, the antimony-doped tin oxide nanopowder possesses a tetragonal rutile structure with high dispersivity, uniform particles and low hard agglomeration.     

Effects of Mo on the Microstructure and Hydrogen Sorption Properties of Ti-Mo Getters

The effects of Mo on the microstructure evolution, porosity and hydrogen sorption properties of Ti-Mo getters are investigated in this work. The results show that the addition of Mo prolongs the densification process of Ti-Mo getters and results in a significant amount of sintered pores. With the Mo content increasing, the porosity of getters firstly increases reaching the maximum value as it at- tains about 7.5wt.%, and then drops. At the room temperature, the hydrogen sorption property of getters increases progressively with the Mo content increasing, but the tendency is not very clear before its content lies below 2.5wt.%. When the Mo content achieves about 7.5wt.%, the hydrogen sorption property proves to be the best. The discussion is made about the above mentioned phenomena inclusive of hydrogen sorption properties of getters under different activation conditions (from 500-750 ℃).     

超声速燃烧数值模拟中的湍流与化学反应相互作用模型

高精度数值模拟有助于理解超声速湍流燃烧中湍流与化学反应的相互作用,可为发动机燃烧室等工程应用设计提供可靠的预测模型。除直接数值模拟外,目前在湍流燃烧应用中使用的大涡模拟和雷诺平均Navier-Stokes模拟均需要借助模型模化发生在湍流小尺度上的流动与化学反应过程对湍流大尺度运动的影响。现有的湍流与化学反应相互作用模型大致可分为:火焰面类模型和概率密度函数类模型,2类模型在不同的应用中各自具有优势和局限性。此外,现有模型大都基于低马赫数燃烧,而超声速燃烧中通常会伴随快速混合、局部熄火和再着火以及激波等复杂过程,这为发展其中的湍流与化学反应相互作用模型提出了更多的挑战。     

适于低轨卫星IP网络的单核共享树组播算法(英文)

为了解决低轨卫星IP网络中现有典型源组播算法的信道资源浪费问题,本文提出了一套单核共享树组播算法,即核心群合并共享树(CCST)和加权核心群合并共享树(w-CCST)算法。CCST 算法包括动态近似中心(DAC)选核方法和核心群合并组播路径构建方法。DAC方法专为周期、规律运动的低轨卫星网络提出,不需要复杂的星上计算。在核心群合并方法中,以核节点作为初始核心群,通过核心群和剩余组成员的最短路径方法逐步扩展直至整棵组播树构建完成,从而使得组播树的树代价最小,大大提高了网络的带宽利用率和组播传输效率。w-CCST 算法中所提出的加权因子可以调整树代价和端到端传播时延之间的折衷程度,因此,可以通过调整加权因子来适度增大树代价、降低端到端传播时延以支持某些端到端时延要求苛刻的实时组播业务。最后,与低轨卫星 IP 网络中典型算法进行了性能比较,仿真结果说明,CCST 算法的平均树代价比其它算法显著降低,w-CCST 算法的平均端到端传播时延小于 CCST 算法。     

Jet Vectoring Control Using a Novel Synthetic Jet Actuator

A primary air jet vectoring control system with a novel synthetic jet actuator (SJA) is presented and simulated numerically. The results show that, in comparison with an existing traditional synthetic jet actuator, which is able to perform the duty of either “push” or “pull”, one novel synthetic jet actuator can fulfill both “push” and “pull” functions to vector the primary jet by shifting a slide block inside it. Therefore, because the new actuator possesses greater efficiency, it has potentiality to replace the existing one in various appli- cations, such as thrust vectoring and the reduction of thermal signature. Moreover, as the novel actuator can fulfill those functions that the existing one can not, it may well be expected to popularize it into more flow control systems.     

Nonlinear Adaptive Slewing Motion Control of Spacecraft Truss Driven by Synchronous V-gimbaled CMG Precession

The slewing motion control of a truss arm driven by a V-gimbaled control-moment-gyro (CMG) is a nonlinear control problem. The V-gimbaled CMG consists of a pair of gyros that must precess synchronously. The moment of inertia of the system, the angular momentum of the gyros and the external disturbances are not exactly known. With the help of feedback linearization and recursive Lyapunov design method, an adaptive nonlinear controller is designed to deal with the unknown items. Performance of the proposed controller is verified by simulation.     

An SOR Implicit Time-accurate Scheme in Calculating Unsteady Flows

A new time-accurate marching scheme for unsteady flow calculations is proposed in the present work. This method is the combination of classical Successive Over-Relaxation (SOR) iteration method and Jacobian matrix diagonally dominant splitting method of LUSGS. One advantage of this algorithm is the second-order accuracy because of no factorization error. Another advantage is the low computational cost because the Jacobian matrices and fluxes are only calculated once in each physical time step. And, the SOR algorithm has better convergence property than Gauss-Seidel. To investigate its accuracy and convergency, several unsteady flow computa- tional tests are carried out by using the proposed SOR algorithm. Roe’s FDS scheme is used to discritize the inviscid flux terms. Un- steady computational results of SOR are compared with the experiment results and those of Gauss-Seidel. Results reveal that the numerical results agree well with the experimental data and the second-order accuracy can be obtained as the Gauss-Seidel for unsteady flow computations. The impact of SOR factor is investigated for unsteady computations by using different SOR factors in this algorithm to simulate each computational test. Different numbers of inner iterations are needed to converge to the same criterion for different SOR factors and optimal choice of SOR factor can improve the computational efficiency greatly.