弯曲静子叶片对叶尖射流扩稳效果的影响

为了研究压气机弯曲静子叶片对叶尖射流扩稳效果的影响,在一台低速轴流压气机上,采用实验方法,对比分析了第1级静子叶片分别为弯曲叶片和直叶片时叶尖射流的扩稳效果以及压气机内部流场信息.结果表明:第1级静子叶片由直叶片改为弯曲叶片后,在压气机失速过程中,模态波主要集中在叶尖区域,而叶尖射流恰好是通过改善叶尖区域的流场来拓宽压气机的稳定工作范围的,所以第1级弯曲静子叶片使得叶尖射流的扩稳效果更加显著.      

跨声速压气机叶尖开槽射流扩稳策略探究

为了提高跨声速轴流压气机的稳定工作范围,提出一种叶尖开槽射流的扩稳策略,设计7种开槽方案,并通过数值模拟分析其效果及扩稳机理。计算结果表明,针对叶尖通道堵塞设计的开槽射流方案取得了较好的效果,压气机稳定工作裕度实现了2.33%~4.53%的提高,但峰值效率降低0.26%~1.24%;在合理的范围内,槽道的宽度越宽、深度越深、出口位置在近失速工况的分离点前和出口射流角度25°左右时扩稳效果最好,但性能损失与扩稳效果负相关;开槽射流实现扩稳的原因是:槽道入口对压力面前缘低速流团的抽吸作用、出口射流对吸力面尾缘分离的吹除作用以及减小叶尖间隙内的泄漏。     

微喷气对压气机稳定性影响的实验

在低速双级轴流压气机上开展了一系列不同喷射系统布局、射流参数的实验研究,并探讨了微喷气扩大压气机稳定裕度的原因.结果表明:当布局在压气机进口的喷嘴周向均布且不小于4个的时候,压气机稳定裕度增量主要受到每个喷嘴的出口动量的影响;微喷气扩稳的机理是从频率和压力幅值两个方面抑制模态波的发展,越接近喷气流,模态波被抑制的程度越大,一旦喷气流无法抑制模态波的发展时,压气机就会进入失速状态.      

等离子体激励频率对压气机稳定性影响的实验与数值模拟研究

本文采用实验与数值模拟方法研究了不同等离子体激励频率对低速轴流压气机的扩稳特性。结果表明,等离子体激励能够显著减弱叶顶泄漏流非定常脉动,增加主流动量,削弱泄漏流和回流动量,抑制泄漏流向叶尖前缘移动,从而扩大压气机的稳定工作范围;非定常激励对压气机稳定性有重要影响,随着激励频率的增加,扩稳效果增强,但激励频率存在阈值,当频率高于0.5倍叶片通过频率时,随着频率的增加,扩稳效果几乎不变。     

亚声速轴流压气机叶顶喷气设计规律的试验研究

为了探索叶顶喷气在亚声速轴流压气机中的设计规律,试验研究了喷气量、喷嘴喉部高度、周向覆盖比例、喷气位置、喷嘴数目、喷嘴分布形式对压气机失速裕度的影响规律,分析了叶顶喷气的扩稳机理以及对压气机失速特性的影响,总结了叶顶喷气在亚声速和跨声速压气机中作用规律的异同。研究结果表明,叶顶喷气没有改变压气机的失速特性,其扩稳机理主要在于对叶顶堵塞的有效抑制,通道堵塞对叶顶喷气的非定常响应是离散叶顶喷气有效扩稳的重要原因。当喷嘴处于堵塞状态时扩稳效果达到最大,利用0.66%的喷气量可将压气机的失速裕度提升15%。对于压气机失速裕度的影响,喷气量、喷嘴喉部高度、喷气周向覆盖比例间存在交互作用,喷气位置、喷嘴周向分布形式和进气畸变对喷气扩稳效果的影响均不大。当压气机的失速均是由叶顶泄漏涡诱发的突尖失速时,叶顶喷气在亚声速压气机中的设计方法可用于指导跨声速压气机叶顶喷气的设计。     

带周向单槽的低速轴流压气机失速起始过程

为了深入认识周向槽轴向位置对压气机失速机制的影响规律,针对某叶尖敏感的低速单转子压气机开展实验测量与数值模拟相结合的研究。实验与计算结果均表明,位于叶片弦长中部的周向单槽扩稳效果最好,而位于叶片前缘下游20%~30%轴向弦长位置的周向单槽扩稳效果最差。进一步分析了利用非定常、多通道计算模型获得的数值结果,发现对于光壁机匣和扩稳效果最好的周向单槽机匣,泄漏流与主流交界面在近失速工况下到达叶片前缘位置,压气机通过突尖型失速先兆进入失速状态;对于扩稳效果最差的周向单槽机匣,泄漏流与主流交界面在近失速工况下仍位于叶片通道内部距离叶片前缘20%的轴向弦长位置,压气机经历了由准模态型失速先兆向突尖型失速先兆转换的失速起始过程。     

轴流压气机叶尖射流扩稳数值计算模型

基于体积力方法将压气机叶片对气流的作用力和做功简化为源项,对环形无叶片通道求解带源项的Navier-Stokes(N-S)方程,实现了压气机全通道流场的计算,通过在转子上游机匣施加射流建立了轴流压气机叶尖射流扩稳数值模型.模型中的源项根据叶片排进口气流参数进行变化,通过判断施加的人工扰动变化确定压气机失稳边界.采用该模型对某跨声速单级压气机在有、无射流下的性能和稳定性进行了计算分析,无射流下计算的该压气机性能和稳定边界与试验结果都能较好地一致,其中稳定边界流量仅相差0.7%;有射流下射流对压气机具有明显的扩稳效果,将计算结果与国外公开文献的结果进行了对比,验证了模型的可靠性.      

多级轴流压气机机匣处理级的探讨

本文提出了一种确定多级轴流压气机机匣处理级的新方法。首先,预测多级轴流压气机各级的级极限负荷,依此确定旋转失速发生时率先失速的级并得到实验证实;其次,将率先失速级作为待处理的级,并在一亚音速双级轴流压气机实验台上针对四种不同型式的机匣处理,进行了较为系统的实验验证。实验结果证实在率先失速级上进行机匣处理会取得很好的扩稳效果,用级极限负荷来确定多级轴流压气机机匣处理级的方法具有广阔的应用前景。     

高负荷跨声速轴流压气机周向浅槽处理机匣扩稳机理

为验证周向浅槽处理机匣的扩稳效果,通过数值仿真的方法,主要探讨了工作于非设计转速下的高负荷轴流压气机上,处于不同轴向位置浅槽式机匣处理及其组合对压气机稳定性的作用.确定了各周向槽于稳定性的主要贡献、机理和处理槽之间的相互影响.研究发现:周向浅槽可以在效率平均下降不到1％的情况下有效地对压气机进行扩稳;通道下游位置的周向槽以线性方式对顶隙泄漏流与扩稳量进行组合影响;另外,通过浅槽的扩稳作用,压气机的失速类型也会发生明显变化.     

多级轴流压气机失速边界预估

本文提出了两种预估多级轴流压气机旋转失速边界方法。前者把关于单叶排的半经验准则推广至多级压气机。取前一级的出囗条件为后一级的进囗条件,每级进行类似运算,对比各级的失速起始流量来判别多级压气机的失速起始边界。预估结果得到了实验验证。后者以小扰动理论为基础,应用非定常二元不可压流的流动模型,导出了双级轴流压气机的旋转失速起始判别准则。利用 Newton- Raphson方法求解特性方程根据设计的程序完成了几个实例的理论估算。预估值和实验值的吻合证实了理论分析的可靠性。并对比不同情况下衰减因子的变化规律,分析了各叶排损失随进口相对气流角的变化趋势。      

带执行装置的压气机系统建模及仿真

针对压气机主动稳定控制对模型的要求,以Moore-Greitzer模型为基础,首先将模型进行空间离散化,用平均分布在压气机周向环面的离散位置点来描述流量扰动,建立了反映压气机周向动态特性的多维状态空间模型;其次以喷气装置作为主动稳定控制系统的执行装置,通过分析加入喷气装置后对流动区域产生的质量和动量影响,同时考虑气流从喷气装置出口到压气机起始平面存在的时间滞后,建立了带执行装置的压气机系统动态模型.以某压气机为例,对压气机失速行为及喷气状态下对失速的抑制作用进行仿真,结果表明:所建立的模型可以反映压气机旋转失速动态过程,通过控制喷气流量能拓展压气机的稳定工作范围,有效抑制压气机失速,模型可用于压气机主动稳定控制系统分析与设计.      

Experimental and numerical study of tip injection in a subsonic axial flow compressor

Parametric study of tip injection was implemented experimentally on a subsonic axial flow compressor to understand the underlying flow mechanisms of stability improvement of the compressor with discrete tip injection.Injector throat height varied from 2 to 6 times the height of rotor tip clearance,and circumferential coverage percentage ranged from 8.3％ to 25％ of the annulus.Static pressure fluctuations over the rotor tip were measured with fast-response pressure transducers.Whole-passage time-accurate simulations were also carried out to help us understand the flow details.The combinations of tip injection with traditional casing treatments were experi mentally studied to generate an engineering-acceptable method of compressor stall control.The results indicate that the maximum stability improvement is achieved when injectors are choked despite their different sizes.The effect of circumferential coverage percentage on compressor stabil ity depends on the value of injector throat height for un-choked injectors,and vice versa.Tip blockage in the blade passage is greatly reduced by the choked injectors,which is the primary reason for stability enhancement.The accomplishment of blockage diminishment is maintained in the circumferential direction with the unsteady effect of tip injection,which manifests as a hysteresis between the recovery of tip blockage and the recovery of tip leakage vortex.The unsteady effect is primarily responsible for the effectiveness of tip injection with a partial circumferential coverage.Tip injection cannot enhance the stability of the rotor with axial slots significantly,but it can improve the stabil ity of the rotor with circumferential grooves further.The combined structure of tip injection with circumferential grooves is an alternative for engineering application.     

低反力度跨声速转子的叶顶喷气扩稳数值研究

为进一步提高低反力度压气机的稳定工作范围，以某三级低反力度高负荷压气机首级跨声速转子为研究对象，借助三维数值模拟方法，进行了叶顶喷气扩稳研究，分析讨论了叶顶喷气提升低反力度压气机转子稳定性的机理，并探讨了不同喷气轴向位置对扩稳效果及气动性能的影响。结果表明：叶顶喷气通过削弱叶顶泄漏涡和通道激波的相互作用，抑制了转子近失速工况下泄漏涡的破碎，消除了叶顶通道的大面积堵塞，拓宽了转子的稳定工作边界；随着喷嘴的位置从叶顶前缘处沿轴向上游移动，转子的失速裕度提升量呈现出先增大后减小的趋势，综合扩稳效果和对压气机总性能参数的影响，最佳喷气轴向位置为叶顶前缘上游转子5%叶顶轴向弦长处；叶顶喷气改变了转子气动参数的径向分布，降低了转子上15%叶高范围内的负荷，同时也使得其它叶高区域的负荷提升。     

自适应流通处理机匣喷气位置对压气机性能的影响

采用数值模拟方法研究了跨声风扇转子Rotor 67的失速机理和3个喷气位置的自适应流通处理机匣对转子性能的影响.结果表明:叶顶间隙泄漏涡中低速团是诱发失稳的主要原因;3个喷气位置的处理机匣均增大了压气机的稳定工作范围,喷气位置居中和后移的处理机匣综合稳定裕度改进量分别为13.43%,9.47%,均大于前移的2.72%;喷气位置居中和后移有利于抑制间隙泄漏流的发展,减小低能流体泄漏范围;相比前移和居中,后移不能激励压力面前缘处的低速团和抑制低能流体从叶顶前部泄漏.      

Dual stability enhancement mechanisms of axial-slot casing treatment in a high-speed mixed-flow compressor with various tip clearances

The influence of Axial-Slot Casing Treatment (ASCT) on the performance and stability enhancement mechanisms of ASCT were experimentally and numerically investigated in a high-speed mixed-flow compressor under three different tip clearances. Unsteady simulations showed the compressor stalled through end-wall stall route, i.e. the spike stall inception originating from rotor tip region, which was validated by dynamical measurements. When the ASCT was applied, greater than 20% of Stall Margin Improvement (SMI) could be achieved for the compressor under each tip clearance size. The streamwise velocity contours and flow structures in the tip region and axial slots were deeply analyzed to explore how the so called “suction and injection effects” generated by the ASCT manipulate tip clearance flow and enhance the stability of compressor under different tip clearances. It was found that the dominant stability enhancement mechanisms of ASCT varies with tip clearance size for the mixed-flow compressor. (A) For the small tip clearance, the dominant mechanism of stability enhancement is the blockage reduction generated in the blade passage by the suction effect of ASCT. (B) For the large tip clearance, the injection effect of the ASCT is the dominant mechanism of stability enhancement with ASCT, which plays the leading role in delaying the spillage of incoming/tip leakage flow interface at the rotor Leading Edge (LE) plane.     

圆孔喷嘴形成气动喉部的定常数值研究

对固体火箭发动机上由圆孔喷嘴喷入二次流所形成的气动喉部进行了三维数值模拟.考察了圆孔喷嘴形成气动喉部的典型三维流动特征和喷嘴流量特性.研究了不同喷嘴面积比、喷嘴个数、喷射角度、喷嘴构型及主要喷管参数对气动喉部调节喉部面积能力的影响.结果表明在相同的喷嘴面积比下,增加喷嘴个数、采用逆向喷射或选用收缩喷嘴构型都能显著提高气...     

Adaptive feedback control of stability in an axial compressor with circumferential inlet distortion

The adaptive feedback control of stability with circumferential inlet distortion has been experimentally investigated in a low-speed, axial compressor. The flat-baffles with different span heights are used to simulate different distorted inflow cases. Compared with auto-correlation and root-mean-square analysis, cross-correlation analysis used to predict early stall warning does not depend on the distortion position. Hence, the cross-correlation coefficient was used to monitor the stable status of the compressor and provide the feedback signal in the active control strategy when suffering from different distortions. Based on the stall margin improvement of tip air injection obtained under different distorted inflow cases and the sensitivity analysis of cross-correlation coefficients to injected momentum ratios, tip air injection was adopted as the actuator for adaptive feedback control. The digital signal processing controller was designed and applied to achieve adaptive feedback control in distorted inflow conditions. The results show that the adaptive feedback control of air injection nearly achieves the same stall margin improvement as steady air injection under different distortion intensities with a reduced injection mass flow. Thus, the proposed adaptive feedback control method is ideal for the engine operation with circumferential distorted inflow, which frequently occurs in flight.