空间探测专业委员会第十四次学术会议召开

中国空间科学学会空间探测专业委员会第十四次学术会议于２００１年８月７日至１１日在黑龙江省牡丹江市镜泊湖召开。会议学术交流内容包括国内外空间探测新技术。神舟号飞船测控、应用及地面系统，月球探测初步设想，火星探测研究、计划及其软着陆技术，卫星探测的技术、方法及应用，以及卫星接收地面系统中有关数据的接收及处理等方面。空间探测专业委员会对提交的论文，组织有关专家进行了评审，编辑出版了“中国空间科学会空间探测专业委员会第十四次学术会议论文集”。空间探测专业委员会第十四次学术会议召开     

SPOT卫星地面系统简介

SPOT卫星的数据捕获与处理是由两个不同的系统承担的: 空间图象数据接收站(SRIS)主要职能是用X波段接收SPOT卫星或美国陆地卫星传输的遥测数据(SPOT卫星地面站在设计上是与美国陆地卫星兼容的),放大、解调并将它们记录在高密度磁带(HDDT)上。此外还进行信号的适时显示,捕获卫星飞过天顶轨道时的数据。为了方便地面站的各种操作,还将设置各种测试设备:准直天线、超高频和视频发生器。空间图象校正中心(CRIS)接收SRIS站传输来的数据,并进行尺寸定型,录入磁带;校正由于星上仪器和照相条件造成的辐射测量误差和几何测量误差,这些工     

空间探测学术研讨会

中国空间科学学会空间探测专业委员会第十五次学术研讨会将于2002年10月在安徽召开,会议研讨的主要内容;神舟号飞船;小卫星、气象卫星、地球资源卫星、海洋卫星研制及其探测成果;科学卫星前期研究;科学气球、火箭探测;星载探测仪器;地面接收与处理;遥控遥测系统及GPS技术在空间飞行器和空间探测中的应用.空间探测学术研讨会~~     

数据收集系统下行频偏校准与点频值计算

风云二号（ＦＹ－２）卫星在轨运行期间本振源必定产生一定的频率偏移,这就影响了数据收集平台接收系统（ＤＣＰＲ）相应于各种平台的报文锁相环路的频率捕获范围,严重时将无法解调出各种平台收集的气象数据,整个系统也将无法正常工作。为解决上述问题,介绍了ＤＣＰＲ下行频偏校准及点频值计算的方法。通过ＦＹ－２卫星在轨测试表明,在随机干扰比较严重的情况下,ＤＣＰＲ对各种平台报文接收解调的成功率优于９８％,取得了令人满意的结果。     

空间探测第十三次学术会议

由空间探测专业委员会主办的空间探测第十三次学术会议将于今年9月或10月在四川成都召开,规模约60人,主要交流内容为:(1)“神舟”飞船及其有效载荷,探测仪器. (2) 地面接收与处理. (3)“实践五号”探测卫星及其成果. (4) 气球、火箭探测. (5) 21世纪我国及世界空间探测展望等.     

气味卫星--打开地球大气层奥秘

经过数次推迟．盼望已久的“气味”卫星终于在2004年7月15日从美国的范登堡空军基地由德尔它们火箭发射升空，它将与另2颗已升空的卫星会合，全面探测地球环境．为保护人类的摇篮带来福音。     

航天简讯

电视卫星信道测试发射器问世西德Rohde & Schwurz公司为精密确定宽带电缆卫星接收系统中的调频解调设备,及未来一代配有卫星接收单元的电视机的电学质量数据,研制了SFSK型电视卫星通道测试发射器。SFSK型机可在中频范围为900～1800MHz内产生三种高质量电视通道信号,这些信号可对视频和能量分布信号,及用多至四种内部伴音副载波信号进行频率调制。之浩巴西建立“搜索和营救卫星”地面站加拿大国际发展局将以援助发展中国家技术名义资助巴西,在南半球建造第一座利     

欧空局决定延长ClusterⅡ的寿命并增加科学数据接收量

2001年7月9日,中国国家航天局局长和欧空局局长在法国巴黎欧空局本部正式签署了关于中国‘地球空间双星探测计划”（简称双星计划）的合作协议.根据协议,欧空局将组织和协调欧洲有关空间研究单位,向双星计划的两颗卫星（赤道区卫星和极区卫星）提供8台先进的探测仪器;提供一个卫星地面接收站接收双星的部分探测数据;对中国卫星技术提供必要的咨询.为了加强0＂ster 11与中国地球空间双星探测计划的密切合作,欧空局决定将 Cluster 11的寿命延长 35个月哟 3年）,并决定增设一个地面接收站,将原来只接收50％的数据量增加至接收100％的数据.这一…     

基于神经网络及深层充电的电子通量反演模型

为了实现对空间高能电子通量的估计及航天器深层充放电的风险评估,基于深层充电和空间电子环境的关联性,利用人工神经网络（ANN）建立了一种由深层充电反演空间高能电子环境的模型。以深层充电探测电流密度及电子能量作为模型输入,电子通量作为模型输出,使用AE9模型对神经网络进行训练,将神经网络的MSE降低到了0.04122,并使用Giove A卫星的深层充电探测数据及GOES卫星的电子通量探测数据验证了模型反演电子环境的准确性。同时对由探测电流计算航天器典型介质材料最大内电场的神经网络模型进行了研究,以实现对航天器内充电风险实时评估。     

导弹克星:美国"天基红外系统"

□□装有红外遥感器的卫星一直是美国探测弹道导弹发射的主要工具，美国曾用“国防支援计划”（DSP）导弹预警卫星探测伊拉克“飞毛腿”导弹的发射。美国五角大楼现正在发展更先进的“天基红外系统”（SBIRS）导弹预警卫星系统。SBIRS星座将是美国预警和拦截敌方弹道导弹的关键系统。如果按计划部署，SBIRS将由两组卫星组成。一组是SBIRS高轨道星座，它由4颗地球静止轨道卫星和2颗大椭圆轨道卫星组成，主要用于导弹发射预警，并对其运载火箭实施红外跟踪，直到其可产生热量的助推火箭燃尽。另一组是SBIRS低轨道星座，它由低地轨…     

FY-2C卫星太阳X射线探测器性能定标

通过具体的实验对FY-2C太阳X射线探测器进行了详细的定标.太阳X射线探测器的传感器采用充Ar气的正比计数器.主要探测能量大于4 KeV的太阳X射线流量.在坪特性、效率、正比性、能道划分、能量分辨率和时间分辨率等6个方面详细介绍了定标的方法及结果.定标结果表明,FY-2C卫星的太阳X射线探测器在各个方面都具有很好的性能.最后对FY-2C的在轨探测数据与GOES卫星进行了比较.GOES卫星的太阳X射线传感器采用电离室.FY-2C的探测结果与GOES的探测结果非常吻合.结果表明,FY-2C太阳X射线探测器可以很好地监测太阳X射线的流量变化,为空间环境监测提供有效的服务.      

FY-2卫星太阳质子事件监测警报系统及质子事件警报的尝试

介绍搭载在FY-2地球同步轨道气象卫星上的空间粒子监测器和太阳X射线探测器所组成的太阳质子事件监测报警系统;1997-11-04和1997-11-06二次质子事件警报的尝试及相关的观测资料.      

风云一号气象卫星地面应用系统

介绍了风云一号气象卫星资料接收处理系统,此系统由北京、广州、乌鲁木齐三个地面站和设于卫星气象中心的资料处理中心组成,也能兼顾接收处理NOAA 和GMS 气象卫星的资料。     

FY-3A卫星与NOOA系列卫星高能带电粒子实测结果的比较

FY-3A卫星是运行于830 km高度的太阳同步轨道气象卫星,其搭载的空间环境监测器可观测3～300 MeV的高能质子和0.15～5.70 MeV的高能电子.FY-3A卫星在轨工作期间,太阳活动处于由谷年向峰年过渡期,空间环境非常平静,探测结果显示3～300 MeV的高能质子分布主要集中在南大西洋辐射带异常区,0.15～5.70 MeV的高能电子分布区域除南大西洋异常区外,还分布在南北两极高纬区域.FY-3A与NOAA卫星测量结果反映出带电粒子强度及分布区域随投掷角变化的空间各向异性特征.本文在充分考虑了带电粒子时间、空间分布差异以及比对探测器之间自身设计差异的前提下,经过归一化处理后,首次对两颗卫星同期探测结果进行相关性分析,验证了两颗卫星相同时空条件下高能带电粒子通量分布的一致性;说明FY-3A空间环境监测器不仅具备空间带电粒子辐射监测能力,且探测结果有效可靠,可用作辐射带环境数据源的组成部分,为发展新的模型,深入研究辐射带高能粒子的分布、起源和传输等提供新的观测依据.     

FY-3A卫星与NOAA系列卫星高能带电粒子实测结果的比较

FY-3A卫星是运行于830 km高度的太阳同步轨道气象卫星, 其搭载的空间环境监测器可观测3~300 MeV的高能质子和0.15~5.70 MeV的高能电子. FY-3A卫星在轨工作期间, 太阳活动处于由谷年向峰年过渡期, 空间环境非常平静, 探测结果显示3~300 MeV的高能质子分布主要集中在南大西洋辐射带异常区, 0.15~5.70 MeV的高能电子分布区域除南大西洋异常区外, 还分布在南北两极高纬区域. FY-3A与NOAA卫星测量结果反映出带电粒子强度及分布区域随投掷角变化的空间各向异性特征. 本文在充分考虑了带电粒子时间、空间分布差异以及比对探测器之间自身设计差异的前提下, 经过归一化处理后, 首次对两颗卫星同期探测结果进行相关性分析, 验证了两颗卫星相同时空条件下高能带电粒子通量分布的一致性; 说明FY-3A空间环境监测器不仅具备空间带电粒子辐射监测能力, 且探测结果有效可靠, 可用作辐射带环境数据源的组成部分, 为发展新的模型, 深入研究辐射带高能粒子的分布、起源和传输等提供新的观测依据.      

电子照射对硅漂移探测器性能的影响

由于高能电子辐射的长期照射,新一代太阳X射线探测器硅漂移传感器的探测性能可能发生变化.通过用电子放射源模拟空间电子对硅漂移探测器进行辐射照射试验,以测试电子照射对传感器能量分辨率、效率、信号幅度等性能的影响.试验结果表明,长期的电子照射造成硅漂移探测器面损伤和体损伤,使其漏电流增大,信号幅度减小,能量分辨率也受到照射的影响,而探测效率未发生变化.     

MONITORING OF ENERGETIC PARTICLE ENVIRONMENT INSIDE THE CHINA-BRAZIL EARTH RESOURCE SATELLITE

On 14 October 1999, the Chinese-Brazil earth resource satellite (CBERS-1) was launched in China. On board of the satellite there was an instrument designed at Peking University to detect the energetic particle radiation inside the satellite so the radiation fluxes of energetic particles in the cabin can be monitored continuously. Inside a satellite cabin, radiation environment consists of ether penetrated energetic particles or secondary radiation from satellite materials due to the interactions with primary cosmic rays.Purpose of the detectors are twofold, to monitor the particle radiation in the cabin and also to study the space radiation environment The data can be used to study the radiation environment and their effects on the electronics inside the satelhte cabin. On the other hand, the data are useful in study of geo-space energetic particle events such as solar proton events, particle precipitation and variations of the radiation belt since there should be some correlation between the radiation situation inside and outside the satellite.The instrument consists of two semi-conductor detectors for protons and electrons respectively. Each detector has two channels of energy ranges. They are 0.5-2MeV and ≥2MeV for electrons and 5-30MeV and 30-60MeV for protons. Counting rate for all channels are up to 104/(cm2@s)and power consumption is about 2.5 W. There are also the additional functions of CMOS TID (total integrated dose) effect and direct SEU monitoring. The data of CBMC was first sent back on Oct. 17 1999 and it's almost three years from then on. The detector has been working normally and the quality of data is good.The preliminary results of data analysis of CBMC not only reveal the effects of polar particle precipitation and radiation belt on radiation environment inside a satellite, but also show some important features of the geo-space energetic particle radiation.As one of the most important parameters of space weather, the energetic charged particles have great influences on space activities and ground tech nology. CBMC is perhaps the first long-term on-board special equipment to monitor the energetic particle radiation environment inside the satellite and the data it accnmulated are very useful in both satellite designing and space research.     

Fengyun Satellites: Achievements and Future

Chinese meteorological satellite, Fengyun (FY) Satellite, has a polar-orbiting series and a geostationary series. Up to now, 5 polar-orbiting (FY-1A/B/C/D and FY-3A) and 5 geostationary (FY-2A/B/C/D/E) satellites were launched. FY data has been being intensively applied not only to meteorological monitoring and prediction but also to many other fields regarding ecology, environment, disaster, space weather and so and. The FY data sharing system, FengyunCast, is now one of the three components of global meteorological satellite information dissemination system, GEONETCast. The first satellite of the new generation polar-orbiting series, FY-3A, was launched on 27 May, 2008, demonstrating the FY polar-orbiting satellite and its application completed a great leap to realize three-dimensional observations and quantitative application. The first of the next generation geostationary series (FY-4) is planned to launch in 2014.      

Gamma-ray measurements from the space shuttle during a solar flare.

An X2/2B level solar flare occurred on 12 August, 1989, during the last day of the flight of the Space Shuttle Columbia (STS-28). Detectors on the GOES 7 satellite observed increased X-ray fluxes at approximately 1400 GMT and a solar particle event (SPE) at approximately 1600 GMT. Measurements with the bismuth germanate (BGO) detector of the Shuttle Activation Monitor (SAM) experiment on STS-28 showed factors of two to three increases in count rates at high latitudes comparable to those seen during South Atlantic Anomaly (SAA) passages beginning at about 1100 GMT. That increased activity was observed at both north and south high latitudes in the 57 degrees, 300 kilometer orbit and continued until the detector was turned off at 1800 GMT. Measurements made earlier in the flight over the same geographic coordinates did not produce the same levels of activity. This increase in activity may not be entirely accounted for by observed geomagnetic phenomena which were not related to the solar flare.     

Update on Fengyun Meteorological Satellite Program and Development

China began to develop its meteorological satellite program since 1969. With 50-years' growing, there are 17 Fengyun (FY) meteorological satellites launched successfully. At present, seven of them are in orbit to provide the operational service, including three polar orbiting meteorological satellites and four geostationary meteorological satellites. Since last COSPAR report, no new Fengyun satellite has been launched. The information of the on-orbit FY-2 series, FY-3 series, and FY-4 series has been updated. FY-3D and FY-2H satellites accomplished the commission test and transitioned into operation in 2018. FY-2E satellite completed its service to decommission in 2019. The web-based users and Direct Broadcasting (DB) users keep growing worldwide to require the Fengyun satellite data and products. A new Mobile Application Service has been launched to Fengyun users based on the cloud technology in 2018. In this report, the international and regional co-operations to facilitate the Fengyun user community have been addressed especially. To strengthen the data service in the Belt and Road countries, the Emergency Support Mechanism of Fengyun satellite (FY_ESM) has been established since 2018. Meanwhile, a Recalibrating 30-years' archived Fengyun satellite data project has been founded since 2018. This project targets to generate the Fundamental Climate Data Record (FCDR) as a space agency response to the Global Climate Observation System (GCOS). At last, the future Fengyun program up to 2025 has been introduced as well.