单相机迎角测量中振动影响研究

从描述像空间坐标与物理空间坐标关系的共线方程出发,推导出单相机迎角测量中模型迎角关于相机外方位元素的计算公式。在单相机迎角测量中模型表面标记点展向坐标Y不变的假设下,研究了2m量级风洞中,相机位于5个不同位置时,3个角外方位元素(φ,ω,κ)和模型侧滑角β在-2°～2°之间振动对迎角测量结果的影响。模拟结果表明:φ和κ的振动对迎角测量结果影响较大,且该影响对相机位置和模型迎角的变化不敏感;在相机位于法向投影位置(相机光轴与Y轴平行)时,ω与β的振动对迎角测量结果影响非常小,可以忽略,但影响量随相机位置偏离法向投影位置迅速增加。     

基于三维激光成像系统的相机标定方法

三维激光成像系统中点云数据与影像数据的融合可以对被扫描物体赋予真彩色.为了获得点云数据与影像数据良好的融合效果,就需要精确的确定载体坐标系与相机坐标系之间的关系.本文针对三维激光成像系统点云模型真彩色处理方法进行研究,提出了一种基于三维激光成像系统的相机标定方法.通过对相机坐标系的标定,建立点云数据与影像数据之间的数学模型.实验结果显示,采用所提出的方法,能够使得三维立体点云数据与影像数据精确融合.最终得到被扫描目标的真彩色3D模型.     

机器视觉导引系统中摄像机的标定方法

针对无人机(UAV)自主起飞与着陆机器视觉导引系统中摄像机的标定问题,讨论了标定摄像机内参数的重要意义,选定了包含畸变因素的摄像机透视投影模型。采用改进两步法进行摄像机内参数标定,结果中主要参数相对误差均小于1%,位置误差小于0.2像素,证明了所选择模型和标定方法的合理性。分析并验证了影响标定精度的因素,包括模型选择、图像拍摄质量和标定靶精度。针对机器视觉导引的应用条件,基本解决了准确、快速标定摄像机内参数的实际问题。     

基于飞行时间的三维成像研究进展和发展趋势

随着数字成像技术的发展,三维成像已被应用在许多领域中,如自动驾驶汽车、机器人和生物医学成像。基于飞行时间(Time of Flight, TOF)的三维成像相机在记录强度和深度信息的同时,在成像速率、功耗、体积等方面有突出的优势,这也使得TOF相机在诸如计算机图形、机器视觉、机器人控制中的应用越来越多。介绍了TOF相机的发展情况,详细分析了TOF相机的成像原理、误差来源,总结了当前基于TOF相机的研究及应用情况,最后阐述了TOF相机的发展趋势。     

摄像机标定研究

目前,摄像机标定是计算机视觉领域中的研究热点之一,其目的是通过摄像机拍摄的单幅或多幅图像来确定摄像机的参数模型,进而获得摄像机的各项参数,在机器人导航、三维重建、生物医疗、虚拟现实、视觉监控、视觉伺服等领域均有广泛的应用前景。本文综述了传统标定方法,自标定方法和基于主动视觉的标定方法的研究现状,对其优缺点作出评价并指出发展方向。     

微振动影响下的TDICCD相机图像复原方法

随着遥感卫星成像分辨率的不断提高,微振动对空间相机成像质量的影响已不能忽视。本文主要针对微振动影响下的时间延迟积分电荷耦合器件（TDICCD）图像的复原方法进行了研究。首先,结合成像器件与目标存在相对运动时的曝光成像规律和TDICCD相机成像原理,建立了微振动下TDICCD相机的成像模型,并进行了仿真得到退化图像。然后,对面阵图像复原方法进行了介绍。最后,将面阵复原方法改进推广至TDICCD图像复原,提出了一种微振动影响下的TDICCD相机图像复原方法,并进行了仿真。恢复图像各指标均有一定提升,验证了方法的有效性。     

高帧频数字相机在高速流动显示中的应用

根据高速流动显示实验研究对高帧频图像采集设备的需要,基于分幅式光路设计原理,结合快响应像增强器和低照度CCD相机,研制了一套兆赫兹采样的高帧频数字相机。利用高帧频数字相机,开展了高速流动显不实验研究：基于高帧频数字相机,结合纹影技术,在激波管上针对方块、凹槽模型,开展了高速流动显示实验,获取了运动激波与模型边界相互作用的序列图像,观察到湍流涡随时间演化发展的过程。结合一台输出功率为8W的连续激光光源和高帧频数字相机,建立了一套高速片光散射流动显示系统,获取了喷流的米氏散射序列图像。实验证明,基于高帧频数字相机的纹影及片光散射技术具备开展高速流动显示实验研究的能力。     

宽容度照相模式射线检测灵敏度分析

使用穿透电压和较大的曝光量可以增大影像的对比度,进而提高射线检测灵敏度。但为了完成对变截面物体的高效率检测,实践中经常会使用较高的透照电压和较小曝光量这种宽容度照相模式,因此带来了检测灵敏度的降低。为了揭示这个过程中灵敏度的变化情况,引入了透照电压和透照电流相互作用的理论分析,设计了以铝材质为研究对象的宽容度照相灵敏度分析模型,结合数据规划分析,描述出宽容度照相模式下检测灵敏度的变化趋势。从理论上说明了宽容度照相模式可具备相当的检测灵敏度,用实践验证了灵敏度的变化规律。可穿透电压提高40%后,检测灵敏度仍满足相关标准要求。宽容度照相具有可靠的检测灵敏度。     

航空CCD侦察相机系统研究

根据世界航空CCD相的发展概况，讨论了航空CCD侦察相机系统的技术指标、采用的技术方案和系统实现的技术途径。     

机载高速相机图像准实时下传方法

针对利用遥测信道准实时传输机载大面阵高速相机图像问题进行了研究,设计了一套大面阵高速相机图像准实时下传系统,分析了图像数据下传的实时性.该系统在记录高速相机原始图像的同时,可对图像进行抽帧、缩小画幅、压缩处理,并实时下传到地面用于监视.分析表明,该系统能在靶场试验结束后几分钟内,将关键时间段的原始图像逐帧下传到地面,实...     

单目机器视觉测距技术在无人机自动着舰中的应用

介绍了机器视觉的概念，探讨了机载单目机器视觉在无人机自动着舰方案中的应用。在对前方舰艇进行快速探测以及对摄像机进行预先标定的基础上，本文利用机器视觉理论与方法，以及摄像机内部参数和透视投影几何关系，计算无人机与前方舰艇相对距离。最后展望了机器视觉的发展及应用前景。     

一种基于张氏标定法的单目相机改进标定算法

单目视觉在地面机器人等无人导航系统中的应用越来越广泛,而相机参数的标定是利用视觉进行导航的基础性工作。标定结果的好坏,直接影响导航性能和定位精度。主要考虑单目相机的径向畸变,基于张正友平面标定法,通过利用Matlab进行图像预处理、利用OpenCV进行Harris角点检测和亚像素精确化等方法在角点提取精度等方面进行了改进,通过重投影法对标定结果进行了评估,并将其与Matlab相机标定工具箱Toolbox_calib所得结果进行了比较。实验结果表明,改进的标定算法标定结果精度更高,并且对多个摄像头传感器均有效,适用性强。     

The Dawn Framing Camera

The Framing Camera (FC) is the German contribution to the Dawn mission. The camera will map 4 Vesta and 1 Ceres through a clear filter and 7 band-pass filters covering the wavelengths from the visible to the near-IR. The camera will allow the determination of the physical parameters of the asteroids, the reconstruction of their global shape as well as local topography and surface geomorphology, and provide information on composition via surface reflectance characteristics. The camera will also serve for orbit navigation. The resolution of the Framing Camera will be up to 12 m per pixel in low altitude mapping orbit at Vesta (62 m per pixel at Ceres), at an angular resolution of 93.7 ??rad?px^?1. The instrument uses a reclosable front door to protect the optical system and a filter-wheel mechanism to select the band-pass for observation. The detector data is read out and processed by a data processing unit. A power converter unit supplies all required power rails for operation and thermal maintenance. For redundancy reasons, two identical cameras were provided, both located side by side on the +Z-deck of the spacecraft. Each camera has a mass of 5.5 kg.     

Maritime border control multisensor system

This focuses on the classification task performed into a multi-sensor system for the coastal surveillance. The system is composed of two platforms of sensors: a land-based platform equipped with a land based radar, an Automatic Identification System (AIS) and an infrared camera (IR); an airborne platform carrying an airborne radar that can operate in a spotlight Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) mode, a video camera, and a second IR camera. The tasks performed by the system are the detection, tracking, identification, and classification of multiple targets, the evaluation of their threat level, and the selection of an intervention on them. The classification algorithm implemented inside the system exploits an analytical approach based on the confusion matrix (CM) of the imaging sensors that belong to the system. Some measures of effectiveness (MoE) of the system are evaluated, considering both cases where an ideal error-free classification process and a non-ideal classification process are performed.     

基于双目视觉和惯性器件的微小型无人机运动状态估计方法

针对微小型无人机(UAV)自主运动状态估计问题,提出了一种基于双目视觉和惯性器件的微小型无人机运动状态估计方法,运动状态估计系统由微惯性测量单元(MIMU)和2个摄像机组成.根据微惯性测量单元的输出更新无人机运动状态,同时由摄像机获得周围环境的图像序列,从序列图像中提取特征点,并对这些特征点进行匹配、跟踪,测量序列图像...     

空间光学平台调偏流分析

为减小偏流角对TDI-CCD(Time-Delay Integration-Charge Coupled Device,时间延迟积分-电荷耦合器件)相机成像的影响,分析了侧摆成像时偏流角产生的原因和计算方法,定量计算了偏流角在沿航方向和穿航方向产生的像移,并通过仿真分析了偏流角影响因素及其残差对成像的影响.最后通过实际飞行试验发现,平台调偏流时偏航方向的姿态角存在振荡,即偏流角存在残差.经分析,此现象产生原因除了卫星平台本身的姿态扰动外,主要是卫星平台响应机制,即卫星平台对调偏响应过慢导致平台调偏流出现超调现象.该分析结果对空间光学相机平台改进有一定的参考价值,并已应用于某型号卫星的改进型.     

Y8飞机空中起动负拉力测试研究

概述了负拉力测试的意义和途径，介绍了在Ｙ８飞机进行ＷＪ－６发动机空中起动试飞中，用一台摄像机和一台高速摄影机测定发动机负拉力的实施过程及数据处理过程，并进一步探讨分析了Ｙ８飞机发动机空中起动试飞中排气温度，转速和桨叶角等参数的变化情况，通过研究，可以判断飞机负拉力特性及操纵安全裕度，从而验证理论计算或修正理论计算，可供从事本专业的飞行试验人员参考。     

Remote-controlled flexible pose measurement system and method for a moving target in wind tunnel

The measurement of position and attitude parameters for the isolated target from a high-speed aircraft is a great challenge in the field of wind tunnel simulation technology. This paper proposes a remote-controlled flexible pose measurement system in wind tunnel conditions for the separation of a target from an aircraft. The position and attitude parameters of a moving object are obtained by utilizing a single camera with a focal length and camera orientation that can be changed based on different measurement conditions. Using this proposed system and method, both the flexibility and efficiency of the pose measurement system can be enhanced in wind tunnel conditions to meet the measurement requirements of different objects and experiments, which is also useful for the development of an intelligent position and attitude measurement system. The position and the focal length of the camera also can be controlled remotely during measurements to enlarge both the vertical and horizontal measurement range of this system. Experiments are conducted in the laboratory to measure the position and attitude of moving objects with high flexibility and efficiency, and the measurement precision of the measurement system is also verified through experiments.     

Geometric voting algorithm for star trackers

We present an algorithm for recovering the orientation (attitude) of a satellite-based camera. The algorithm matches stars in an image taken with the camera to stars in a star catalogue. The algorithm is based on a geometric voting scheme in which a pair of stars in the catalogue votes for a pair of stars in the image if the angular distance between the stars of both pairs is similar. As angular distance is a symmetric relationship, each of the two catalogue stars votes for each of the image stars. The identity of each star in the image is set to the identity of the catalogue star that cast the most votes. Once the identity of the stars is determined, the attitude of the camera is computed using a quaternion-based method. We further present a fast tracking algorithm that estimates the attitude for subsequent images after the first algorithm has terminated successfully. Our method runs in comparable speed to state of the art algorithms but is still more robust than them. The system has been implemented and tested on simulated data and on real sky images.     

Bomb damage assessment using a dispensed sensor projectile

The problem of obtaining images of a target site after munition impact is approached by releasing a small projectile equipped with a camera from a dropped munition. A ballute is deployed from the sensor projectile shortly after release from the munition. This type of system is capable of viewing munition impact and subsequent target effects over a wide variety of conditions and offers the possibility of real-time battle damage assessment (BDA). However, fundamental limits exist on the duration that the camera is able to view the target after impact for a particular required separation distance between the sensor projectile and the target at impact and the field of regard (FOR) of the camera. Munition release altitude and velocity significantly affect these fundamental limits. Optimal performance is attained under high altitude and low speed munition drop conditions. Basic characteristics of the camera projectile also significantly influence system performance. Maximum target view time is attained with a low weight high drag configuration., To reduce the maximum acceleration experienced by the sensor projectile, a small delay time between the release of the small sensor projectile from the munition and inflation of ballute is required.