Identifications of some highly-ionized iron and nickel lines in the 200–400 Å region of the solar spectrum

A number of previously unclassified multiplets of Fexiv, xiii, xii, and xi produced by transitions of the type 3s ²3p ⁿ -3s3p ⁿ⁺¹ are identified in the XUV spectrum of the Sun. The iron lines account for most of the previously unidentified strong lines between 330 and 370 Å. Solar observations of especial value for the investigation of the 300–400 Å region were the slitless spectroheliograms of September 22, 1968 (Purcell and Tousey, 1969) and November 4, 1969 (Tousey, 1971) — on which the image of a flare was recorded. Other solar identifications in the same spectral region include the resonance lines of Nixvii and Nixviii, and one 3p-3d multiplet of Fexiii. The solar blend at 417 Å involving the Fexv inter-combination line and Sxiv is resolved.     

Design and analysis of a microprocessor-controlledpeak-power-tracking system [for solar cell arrays]

Stability and dynamics of a series configuration peak-power tracking (PPT) system are analyzed. The operating modes of the system, as well as mode transitions, are investigated based on qualitative graphical representations of dc load lines at various interfaces of the system. Analysis of multiloop control in the PPT mode is discussed. This includes the design of the inner voltage loop and analysis of the closed-loop system stability around the peak-power point. For an optimum dynamic performance and stability, design parameters of the inner voltage loop and the outer PPT loop are identified. Experimental verifications, supported by simulation results, are performed     

A self-similar solution of a curved shock wave and its time-dependent force variation for a starting flat plate airfoil in supersonic flow

The problem of aeroelasticity and maneuvering of command surface and gust wing interaction involves a starting flow period which can be seen as the flow of an airfoil attaining suddenly an angle of attack. In the linear or nonlinear case, compressive Mach or shock waves are generated on the windward side and expansive Mach or rarefaction waves are generated on the leeward side. On each side, these waves are composed of an oblique steady state wave, a vertically-moving one-dimensional unsteady wave, and a secondary wave resulting from the interaction between the steady and unsteady ones. An analytical solution in the secondary wave has been obtained by Heaslet and Lomax in the linear case, and this linear solution has been borrowed to give an approximate solution by Bai and Wu for the nonlinear case. The structure of the secondary shock wave and the appearance of various force stages are two issues not yet considered in previous studies and has been studied in the present paper. A self-similar solution is obtained for the secondary shock wave, and the reason to have an initial force plateau as observed numerically is identified. Moreover, six theoretical characteristic time scales for pressure load variation are determined which explain the slope changes of the time-dependent force curve.     

Algorithms for calculating some flight characteristics and design parameters of a superlight piston-engined aircraft

Algorithms for calculating superlight aircraft design parameters at the early stage of design are described, namely, maximum speed, time of landing or takeoff run, of maneuvering with well-known piston engine power and propeller characteristics.     

压缩拐角激波与旁路转捩边界层干扰数值研究

为了研究激波与旁路转捩边界层的干扰机理,采用直接数值模拟(DNS)方法对来流马赫数Ma∞=2.9,24°压缩拐角内激波与转捩边界层的相互作用进行了系统的研究。考察了旁路转捩干扰下压缩拐角内分离区形态和激波波系结构的典型特征。比较了转捩干扰与湍流干扰流动结构的差异,并分析了造成差异的原因。研究了拐角内转捩边界层的演化特性,探讨了转捩干扰下脉动峰值压力和峰值摩阻的分布规律及形成机制。研究结果表明:相较于湍流干扰,两侧发卡涡串的展向挤压使得分离区起始点以V字型分布,且分离激波沿展向以破碎状态为主,激波脚呈现多层结构;拐角内的干扰作用急剧加速了边界层的转捩过程;转捩干扰下的拐角内峰值脉动压力以单峰结构出现在分离区的下游,同时干扰区内的强湍动能和高雷诺剪切应力使得其局部峰值摩阻系数要高于湍流干扰。     

Contemporary approach to the design-systematic and experimental provision of autorotation landing safety for a helicopter with skid type landing gear

A new approach to the design-systematic provision of autorotation landing safety for a helicopter with skid type landing gear is proposed. We analyzed the existing simulation techniques and experimental studies regarding this problem. The main existing problems both in design simulation and the system of systematic requirements to the conditions of rating the loads on the skid landing gear are identified. Also proposed are the most optimal solutions to overcome the existing systematic contradictions and increase safety of helicopter piloting at autorotation landing.     

Effects of the radial blade loading distribution and B parameter on the type of flow instability in a low-speed axial compressor

Previous studies showed that an axisymmetric hub-initiated disturbance defined as partial surge may initiate the stall of a transonic compressor; to reveal the instability evolution under full-span incompressible flow for different levels of hub loading and B parameter, an experimental investigation is conducted on a single-stage low-speed compressor. Experimental results show that under a uniform inflow condition without inlet flow distortion, a modal-type stall inception dominates in this low-speed compressor. When an inlet screen introducing hub distortion is used to increase the hub loading, a compressor stall is initiated by a modal wave, but large disturbances are present in the hub region before the compressor stall, which become stronger as the hub loading increases. Under high hub loading and large B parameter (implemented by adding hub distortion through an inlet screen and enlarging the outlet plenum volume, respectively), a compressor stall is triggered by an axisymmetric hub-initiated disturbance, which is much different from the modal-like disturbances. The beginning of this axisymmetric disturbance may be captured over 800 rotor revolutions prior to the onset of stall, and the amplitude grows with time. The disturbance is hub-initiated because the disturbance signal at the hub is detected much earlier than that at the tip; meanwhile, the frequency of this axisymmetric disturbance changes with the length of the inlet duct. The characteristics of instability evolution in the low-speed compressor are also compared with those in a transonic compressor.     

Convergence of socio-economic and technology factors in creatingopportunities for a new workforce model

The “information age” has produced tools capable of supporting a variety of employment and business models that previously were infeasible. Convergence of socio-economic factors, workforce composition, accelerating product obsolescence and technological advances has created an unparalleled need and fertile opportunity to redefine the workforce model. These new technological capabilities alone are insufficient to reinvent the business models. Management must, through vision and solid commitment at all hierarchical levels, migrate values, reinvent precepts, coalesce processes, and redefine workforce models to remain financially viable in the emerging compressed timelines. The tools are at hand; economic realities make corporate change a financial requirement, and the changing values, goals, and social composition of the workforce apply pressure to create a new network centric workforce model. These converging pressures make rethinking the corporation viable and necessary. How rapidly these changes occur will be determined now by old-fashioned rates of human/corporate acceptance of change. Compression of the market timeline may force significant, perhaps unrecoverable fallout among those companies that are slow to take up this challenge     

风力机叶片表面压力的计算与外场测试分析

研究在外场工况下,对风力机叶片表面压力的测试方法,并将测试结果与CFD计算结果进行比较。为了获取叶片在外场非稳态工况下的压力信息,沿叶片展向选取7个典型段面布置带式压力传感器。在数值计算中,通过数码扫描得到试验翼型的几何形状并建立计算模型,用非压缩的N—S方程和SSTk-w。湍流模型耦合,分别对7个翼型的气动性能进行计算。通过对试验和计算结果的对比发现,因为三维旋转效应的存在,基于动量叶素理论的二维翼型计算常常低估了实际风轮动力的产生,旋转叶轮表面压力分布和二维翼型计算结果明显不同。     

某教练机后舱油门停车装置设计与研究

由于某教练机在研制中没有设置后舱发动机油门杆停车装置,故后舱发动机油门杆不具备停车功能,针对该问题,经过查阅相关飞机油门操纵系统资料、现场调研和借鉴相关飞机成功经验,设计了一套停车装置,从而后舱油门杆能单独收到停车位,机构经过地面和试飞验证,该装置能够实现后舱单独操纵油门杆收到停车位置的功能。     

某型号发动机材料标准化工作的实践与体会

介绍了某发动机材料型号标准编制、修改和修订的原则、方法和特点,阐述了型号标准化工作的体会。     

某型飞机大修中冷液系统常见故障排除方法

从实际工作经验出发,总结了一整套针对某型飞机液压系统和冷气系统常见机械故障的判断、分析、查找及排除方法。     

Numerical analysis for impacts of nozzle end-clearances on aerodynamic performance and forced response in a VNT turbine

It has been well known that nozzle end-clearances in a Variable Nozzle Turbine (VNT) are unfavorable for aerodynamic performance, especially at small openings, and efforts to further decrease size of the clearances are very hard due to thermal expansion. In this paper, both the different sizes of nozzle end-clearances and the various ratios of their distribution at the hub and shroud sides were modelled and investigated by performing 3D Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) and Finite Element Analysis (FEA) simulations with a code of transferring the aerodynamic pressure from the CFD results to the FEA calculations. It was found that increasing the size of the nozzle end-clearances divided equally at the hub and shroud sides deteriorates turbine efficiency and turbine wheel reliability, yet increases turbine flow capacity. And, when the total nozzle end-clearances remain the same, varying nozzle end-clearances’ distribution at the hub and shroud sides not only shifts operation point of a VNT turbine, but also affects the turbine wheel vibration stress. Compared with nozzle hub clearance, the shroud clearance is more sensitive to both aerodynamic performance and reliability of a VNT turbine. Consequently, a possibility is put forward to improve VNT turbine efficiency meanwhile decrease vibration stress by optimizing nozzle end-clearances’ distribution.     

栅格舵气动与操纵特性高速风洞试验技术研究

为研究飞行器单独栅格舵全尺寸模型气动特性,考核、验证舵控系统操纵性能,在FL-24风洞（1．2m×1．2m）开展了专项试验技术研究。首次在国内高速风洞建立了全尺寸栅格舵高速风洞试验平台,主要内容包括：风洞大载荷侧壁支撑装置设计、高速风洞模型保护装置设计、高灵敏度气动测试天平研制、模型风载条件下变形测试系统设计以及动态气动力测量与数据处理方法等。该项试验技术实现了模型气动与舵控系统以及气动与结构一体化试验验证,为栅格舵尾翼布局飞行器相关专业设计及飞行试验提供了重要试验数据。     

某型航空发动机涡轮叶片涡流探伤干扰信号的鉴别与排除

某型航空发动机涡轮叶片涡流探伤工艺开发过程中,检测中出现异常检测信号,分析和验证证明是由对比试样制作不当及渗铝层残留引起的,属于干扰信号。通过调整对比试样、加强探伤前检查等手段消除了干扰信号,优化了检测工艺。     

速率陀螺仪扭杆扭转刚度及迟滞角测试装置的研究

通过对现有速率陀螺仪中微小弹性元件扭杆扭转刚度及迟滞角测试方法的研究，运用了新的测试方法，重新对测试装置进行了设计并引入了单片机控制系统，提高了测试方法的自动化程度。     

Bias and Standard Deviation of the Estimator for the Underlying Probability in a Sequence of Bernoulli Trials with Preselected Number of Successes

In a sequence of Bernoulli trials which stops after a preselected number M of successes, the maximum likelihood estimator of the underlying probability is given by the ratio of M and the required number of observations. Closed-form expressions for the bias and standard deviation of this estimator are developed.     

A technique for presentation and application of the propeller fan multidimensional characteristics in semi-full-scale simulation of a gas turbine engine and its automatic control system

A technique for linear interpolation of the multidimensional characteristics of a coaxial propeller fan with opposite rotation propellers is proposed; the technique makes it possible to simulate the turbofan engine operation in the entire range of flight conditions and reduce expenses for fullscale tests. The mathematical models obtained meet the requirements imposed in the semi-full-scale simulation.