一种高效的基于启发式规则和词典相结合的双语词对齐方法

双语词对齐是指在互译的双语句对中找到词汇级的对译关系,是自然语言处理领域一个非常有用而又比较困难的研究课题。本文在对当前主流的词对齐方法进行实验分析的基础上,综合考虑了各种因素,提出了基于启发式统计规则和词典相结合的方法,该方法充分利用现有资源,同时考虑到了后续的应用问题。实验表明,该方法在训练语料规模较小的情况下,取得了较好的对齐结果。     

基于标准弹道点的最优制导方法

由于基于需要速度的显式制导方法要确定虚拟目标点,虚拟目标点的确定要对地球扁率和再入阻力的影响进行修正,存在着百米以上的修正误差,为此提出了基于标准弹道点的最优制导方法,即将标准弹道的某点作为目标点进行需要椭圆轨道计算及最优入轨控制。提供了采用弹上迭代制导方法实现最优控制,同时给出了预测关机参数的需要椭圆轨道终端约束校正方法。该制导方法无需进行地球扁率和再入阻力的影响修正,可以减少方法误差,仿真计算证明了这一点。     

基于语义相似度的句法歧义结构消解

以汉语句法结构分析中最普遍存在的句法结构歧义现象,即“动词短语 名词短语 的 名词短语”(VP NP1 的/u NP2)为研究对象,提出了一种基于知网知识库的歧义消解策略。据此提出利用改进的知网相似度计算的歧义消解策略。通过对从人民日报的语料中抽取1000个“VP NP1 的/u NP2”的实例进行测试,实验结果正确率达到83.4%,表明这是一种有效的识别“VP NP1 的/u NP2”歧义结构的方法。     

基于局部几何特征的稠密点云配准方法

针对现有的稠密点云配准方法依赖初始位置设定、计算成本高、配准成功率不高等问题,提出了一种基于点云局部几何特征的稠密点云配准方法。采用深度卷积网络模型提取点云的局部几何特征,从而减少了三维点云数据的噪声、低分辨率和不完备性等带来的影响。在此基础上,使用K维树搜索完成局部几何特征描述子的关联工作。最后,通过随机采样一致算法对点云的相对位姿进行鲁棒的估计。通过对开源数据集上5个典型场景中的数据测试表明,该方法的配准成功率达到92.5%,配准精度达到0.0434m,配准时间相对最邻点迭代配准算法缩短了74.7%,实验结果验证了该方法的有效性、实时性和鲁棒性。     

基于知网的汉语语义实例库的建设与应用

为了解决有指导词义消歧任务中的知识源问题,提出并构建了一个基于知网的汉语词义实例库(CSIC),同时开发了一个语义标注平台(SenseTag)。该平台通过方便快捷的人机交互方式显著提高了实例库的建设效率和质量。利用条件随机场模型,从实例库中自动学习消歧知识,进行自动标准在随机选取的部分汉语高频多义词的词义消歧开放测试中,取得了平均正确率85%的较好效果。     

基于扫描线点云的飞机蒙皮修配量提取方法

针对飞机蒙皮数控加工时需要精确修配量的问题,提出了一种基于扫描线点云的飞机蒙皮修配量提取方法。首先对点云进行分块处理并通过点到拟合平面的距离提取每条扫描线的边界特征点;然后采用弦高法对特征点进行去噪处理并选取中间点作为初始点向两侧进行排序;最后对蒙皮对接模型和激光扫描边界进行分析,将特征点延着对接方向进行补偿。试验验证表明,该方法可以提取精确的修配量,精度达到0.06mm,满足蒙皮数控加工的需求。     

基于原始观测值的UWB增强GNSS精密单点定位方法研究

全球卫星导航系统(global navigation satellite system, GNSS)可提供全球范围内全天候高精度导航、定位和授时服务。以精密单点定位(precise point positioning, PPP)为代表的绝对定位技术凭借定位精度高且全球一致、作业范围灵活等优势受到广泛关注,但是较长的收敛时间,限制了其在实时、快速精密定位应用中的使用。为解决上述问题,提出了超宽带(ultra-wideband, UWB)增强PPP方法,在多星座PPP中紧密集成UWB测距信息,以提高GNSS PPP性能。实验结果表明,在动态场景下,融合UWB量测使GPS/GAL双系统PPP在东、北、天3个方向的位置均方根(root mean square, RMS)值分别减少了76.99%、21.46%、64.53%,GPS/GAL/BDS三系统PPP减少了69.69%、37.21%、61.32%,并且收敛时间分别加快62.78%和57.75%。关于锚点数(几何构型)的评估表明,仅利用4个锚点就能将双系统和三系统3D误差RMS值减少67.98%、59.35%,收敛时间加快76.14%、62...     

一种基于多点测距信息的复合制导方法

分析探讨了一种用于提高弹道式导弹对目标命中精度的复合制导方案,提出了通过进行多点测距,利用状态转移矩阵方法,来估计导弹落点偏差和末修级起控点飞行状态参数,然后再按照需要的速度进行末修级导引控制的复合制导方案,并通过仿真计算分析论证了该方法的可行性。     

基于小波变换剔除数据野点的方法

在脱靶量数据处理中,野点的存在对采用非线性最小二乘法估计多普勒频率的精度会产生恶化影响。本文研究利用野值点和多普勒频率在小波域上系数的不同,对不同数据段的系数设定不同阈值进行处理,从而达到去除野值点和恢复多普勒频率的目的。试验结果表明,采用小波变换去除了随机测量误差与野值点对多普勒频率的影响,对于后续的脱靶量参数估计没有任何不利影响。     

基于误差补偿的点云数据修正方法研究

为提供测量效率及精度,提出了一种基于多源数据融合的测量数据修正方法。首先分别利用低精度高效率设备和高精度低效率设备对同一构件进行测量获得高密测量点云和稀疏基准点云,此后基于本文所提定位块定位方法对两组数据进行配准,然后依据测量点云与基准点云间构建误差矩阵,继而对高密测量点云进行修正以提高测量精度。实验结果表明,该方法可将测量数据的误差由3.374mm减小到0.517mm。     

An optimal midcourse guidance method for dualpulse air-to-air missiles using linear Gausspseudospectral model predictive control method

This paper proposes an optimal midcourse guidance method for dual pulse air-to-air missiles, which is based on the framework of the linear Gauss pseudospectral model predictive control method. Firstly, a multistage optimal control problem with unspecified terminal time is formulated. Secondly, the control and terminal time update formulas are derived analytically. In contrast to previous work, the derivation process fully considers the Hamiltonian function corresponding to the unspecified terminal time, which is coupled with control, state, and costate. On the assumption of small perturbation, a special algebraic equation is provided to represent the equivalent optimal condition for the terminal time. Also, using Gauss pseudospectral collocation, error propagation dynamical equations involving the first-order correction term of the terminal time are transformed into a set of algebraic equations. Furthermore, analytical modification formulas can be derived by associating those equations and optimal conditions to eliminate terminal error and approach nonlinear optimal control. Even with their mathematical complexity, these formulas produce more accurate control and terminal time corrections and remove reliance on task-related parameters.Finally, several numerical simulations, comparisons with typical methods, and Monte Carlo simulations have been done to verify its optimality, high convergence rate, great stability and robustness.     

基于自由涡尾迹和遗传算法的叶尖小翼气动优化设计

风力机叶片采用分裂式叶尖小翼可以改善叶片的气动性能。以风能利用系数最大和风轮推力系数最小为目标,采用自由涡尾迹(FVW)方法与快速非支配排序遗传算法(NSGA-Ⅱ)耦合对小翼的形状进行优化设计。NS-GA-Ⅱ算法对每一代种群进行评价、筛选和变异,最终得到小翼形状的Pareto最优解集,其中气动性能评价目标通过FVW方法计算。结果表明,FVW模型能够较准确的模拟叶片的气动性能;两目标优化给出的不是传统优化方法追求的单个最优解,而是一个Pareto最优解集,且分布在一条曲线上;相比NREL原始叶片,风能利用系数最高能提高30%;小翼的几何形状在最优解集下分布具有一定的规律性,对后面的设计及改型有很好的指导性作用。     

An optimal method of posture adjustment in aircraft fuselage joining assembly with engineering constraints

Posture of an aircraft fuselage can be evaluated based on the coordinate values of measure points fixed on the aircraft fuselage in aircraft final assembly. Posture adjustment is carried out by rotation and translation of the aircraft fuselage to make sure that the actual coordinate values of the measure points are coincided with the theoretical ones read from the computer aided design(CAD) model. The point registration method of posture adjustment without considering engineering constraints may cause out-of-tolerance for some engineering constraints. Hence, engineering constraints such as plane symmetry of two points, as well as coplanar and collinear of the multipoint should be considered in the new optimal method of posture adjustment in aircraft fuselage joining assembly. Based on the point registration model, a multi-objective optimization model of posture adjustment considering engineering constraints including collinear, coplanar, and symmetry constraints is established and represented by a uniform vector function. The weights of constraint conditions can be set freely in the optimization model to reflect the importance of the corresponding constraints in aircraft fuselage joining assembly. The rotation and translation parameters of posture adjustment are obtained by the proposed multi-objective optimization algorithm based on the Gauss-Newton method. Results of an example of aircraft fuselage joining assembly show that constraint errors of posture adjustment obtained by the multi-objective optimization model are not out of tolerance for design constraint errors and satisfy the requirement of aircraft fuselage joining assembly.     

An interval finite element method based on bilevel Kriging model

This study introduces a new approach utilizing an interval finite element method combined with a bilevel Kriging model to determine the bounds of structural responses in the presence of spatial uncertainties. A notable benefit of this approach is its ability to determine the response bounds across all degrees of freedom with a small sample size, which means that it has high efficiency. Firstly, the spatially varying uncertain parameters are quantified using an interval field model, which is described by a series of standard interval variables within a truncated interval Karhunen-Loe?ve(K-L) series expansion. Secondly, considering that the bound of structural response is a function of spatial position with the property of continuity, a surrogate model for the response bound is constructed, namely the first-level Kriging model. The training samples required for this surrogate model are obtained by establishing the second-level Kriging model.The second-level Kriging model is established to describe the structural responses at particular locations relative to the interval variables so as to facilitate the upper and lower bounds of the node response required by the first-level Kriging model. Finally, the accuracy and effectiveness of the method are verified through examples.     

An optimization method for metamorphic mechanisms based on multidisciplinary design optimization

The optimization of metamorphic mechanisms is different from that of the conventional mechanisms for its characteristics of multi-configuration. There exist complex coupled design variables and constraints in its multiple different configuration optimization models. To achieve the compatible optimized results of these coupled design variables, an optimization method for metamorphic mechanisms is developed in the paper based on the principle of multidisciplinary design optimization（MDO）. Firstly, the optimization characteristics of the metamorphic mechanism are summarized distinctly by proposing the classification of design variables and constraints as well as coupling interactions among its different configuration optimization models. Further, collaborative optimization technique which is used in MDO is adopted for achieving the overall optimization performance. The whole optimization process is then proposed by constructing a two-level hierarchical scheme with global optimizer and configuration optimizer loops. The method is demonstrated by optimizing a planar five-bar metamorphic mechanism which has two configurations,and results show that it can achieve coordinated optimization results for the same parameters in different configuration optimization models.     

基于粒子群算法的海上风机叶片优化算法研究

提出了一种针对不同风场条件提高海上风力发电机叶片气动效率的方法.风力发电机叶片是风机效率的核心部件,叶片在不同海上风场条件下功率差别很大,这导致了风机效率的降低.通过引入改进粒子群优化算法(PSO),基于修正动量叶素理论(BEM),对叶片沿展向的弦长分布和扭转角进行针对特定风场条件的气动优化.以美国再生能源实验室提供的5MW海上风机叶片作为算例,结合我国东海风场条件,叶片优化后平均功率提高了6.7％,取得了理想效果.结果表明,该优化方法具有较高的气动优化效率.     

一种基于短时机动试飞数据的动力学辨识优化方法

飞行动力学辨识算法的一个关键问题是,如何通过简单的机动获取所关心频率范围的响应特性。短时倍脉冲是一种易于实施的激励信号,兼顾试飞安全性与经济性,但与频域辨识法通常使用的扫频输入激励相比,短时机动频谱范围窄、信噪比低,一般难以得到准确的辨识结果。对如何基于短时机动飞行试验数据,提高辨识结果准确性的问题进行了研究。首先分析了经典Welch谱估计进行时域-频域转换过程中,影响非参数模型辨识精度的主要因素,提出了削减窗函数边缘缩减效应的数据预处理方法,并结合多窗口综合技术,提高频域特性辨识结果的精度。在参数化模型辨识过程中,针对有限频谱范围,提出了利用相干函数和功率谱密度加权综合,确定等效拟配的频率范围和频率节点的自适应方法,使得低阶等效拟配与输入激励信号高度相关,提高参数化模型辨识的精度、一致性和适应性。通过不同类型飞机的大量短时机动和少量扫频飞行试验数据模型辨识的工程应用示例,验证了动力学辨识优化方法算法稳定、结果准确,可满足飞行品质模态特性评价等应用需求。     

一种基于STL文件的LBM前处理高效算法

LBM是一种计算流体数值方法,计算过程中需要确定流场格点属于流体点还是固体点,通过前处理获得格点类型信息.其中一种方法是通过STL文件格式描述的物体模型判断格点在物体内外信息来确定格点类型,从而实现STL几何信息到LBM计算模型信息的重构.为了能够快速重构计算模型,本文提出了一种快速生成计算模型算法.该算法根据面三角形...