封装材料对光纤光栅应变传感器的影响

本文设计并制作了两种分别用钛合金和柔性高分子材料封装的光纤布拉格光栅应变传感器,并利用悬臂梁校准装置对两种传感器的应变特性测试.试验结果表明,柔性高分子材料封装传感器的线性度及重复性优于钛合金封装的传感器,但其应变灵敏系数小于钛合金封装传感器的应变灵敏系数.     

阵列式高频热流信号薄膜传感器制备工艺与参数研究

阵列式高频热流信号柔性薄膜传感器在流体力学风洞试验中有着十分重要的应用前景.聚酰亚胺具有优良的力学性能、化学稳定性和耐高温特性,是微加工制备薄膜传感器的理想衬底材料之一.但该材料表面有疏水基团,制备的金属镀层极容易被破坏,降低了应用价值.针对阵列式高频热流信号柔性薄膜传感器制备中衬底材料与镀层金属结合力欠佳的情况,使用...     

柔性热敏薄膜传感器阵列工艺研究

分析了热敏薄膜传感器测量流场温度和壁面剪应力的原理,选择聚酰亚胺为衬底材料,金属镍为热敏材料,提出了一种电镀引线的柔性热敏薄膜传感器阵列结构及其制作工艺.经热敏性能测试,该柔性热敏薄膜传感器阵列结构简单,可贴附于高曲率复杂表面,实现非破坏动态流场参数测量.     

航空微机电系统非硅材料微纳加工技术

随着对航空飞行器智能控制的迫切需求,硅基微机电系统MEMS(Micro-electromechanical Systems)传感器和执行器难以满足飞行器恶劣的运行环境,因而以碳化硅、氮化铝等为代表的多种MEMS特种材料被不断研究和使用.概述这些特种材料的机电特性有利于缩小特种传感器研发的材料选择范围;而针对兼具机械和电学两方面应用的碳化硅、氮化铝和聚合物前驱体陶瓷开展微纳加工技术的综述,有利于全面了解这3种材料的成型成性关键工艺,进而揭示从航空特种材料到MEMS器件的加工技术发展规律,为普遍使用电信号的航空特种传感器的研发提供加工手段借鉴.     

一种基于CC1010芯片的无线传感器网络节点设计

介绍了一种基于CC1010芯片的无线传感器网络节点设计,分析了传感器网络节点结构和CC1010芯片的功能及应用,探讨了基于CC1010芯片的网络节点机硬件工作原理,据此给出节点的硬件电路设计,并利用C51RF-2型仿真器完成对节点编程.经过测试,基于CC1010芯片的无线传感器网络节点具有无线通信、传感、信息处理等功能,并且具有结构简单、性能稳定、功耗低、抗干扰能力强等优点.     

航空用电位计位移传感器材料的研究与应用

航空技术用电位计式位移传感器对材料具有特殊要求本文介绍了北京航空材料研究所研究的Ａｕ－Ａｇ－ｐｄ－ｐｔ－Ｃｕ合金系列低电阻材料，Ａｕ－Ｆｅ－Ｖ－Ｎｉ－ｐｄ合金系列中高电阻材料，以及这些材料在航空和导弹技术中的应用。     

一种负阶跃力源上升时间的评价

介绍了一种负阶跃力源上升时间的测量过程,通过在脆性材料断裂试件两侧粘贴细导线,获得其上下两个端面断裂时间差的测量结果,从而估计获得该动态力源产生的负阶跃力的上升时间,对于钢质材料,上升时间可小于30μs,低时可达到12.5μs.而对于陶瓷材料,上升时间可小于10μs,最低时可达到1μs.该结果可用于动态力源的设计和力传感器动态特性校准的参考.     

光纤布拉格光栅监测碳纤维复合材料固化成型过程

碳纤维复合材料固化成型时,温度和内应力对成型质量的影响巨大.鉴于碳纤维复合材料厚度通常为几毫米,传统的热电偶和电阻应变片等温度应变传感器由于体积较大,无法实现嵌入式监测.为了获得成型过程中材料内部实时的温度和应变,采用光纤布拉格光栅(Fiber Bragg Grating,FBG)传感器进行监测.试验中使用两个FBG传感器,一个作为温度传感器,另一个作为应变传感器,内嵌于碳纤维预浸料铺层之中,分别用于监测碳纤维复合材料固化过程中内部的温度和应变等参量.试验结果表明,采用两个光纤光栅传感器分别用来监测碳纤维复合材料固化过程中内部温度和应变的变化是可行的.     

几种常见的电阻应变式旋转扭矩传感器

简述了几种常见的电阻应变式旋转扭矩传感器,对包括接触式、非接触式,可断轴、不可断轴,高转速、低转速等各种测量状态下应采取哪种旋转扭矩传感器进行测量及各种旋转扭矩传感器的优缺点都进行了详细的分析。     

图像融合技术检测低可观测目标评述

阐明了利用图像信息空间覆盖范围大的特点,运用图像融合的手段来对低可观测目标进行检测.通过综合处理来自多个传感器图像包含的检测对象信息、环境特性信息、运动信息、空间信息、时间信息,获得的融合信息包含任何单一传感器无法提供的信息,进而提高检测性能.扼要介绍了像素层图像融合、特征层图像融合以及符号层图像融合的基本概念.列举了图像融合技术一些应用实例,阐述了用图像融合技术检测低可观测目标的优点.着重强调了检测低可观测目标需要进一步研究的问题.     

浸渍-提拉法制备WO3薄膜的气敏性能研究

采用溶胶-凝胶方法制备WO3前驱液,利用浸渍-提拉法使其成膜。通过XRD分析了不同热处理温度对WO3晶体结构的影响,通过SEM图观察了不同提拉次数的WO3薄膜形貌。所得WO3薄膜的微观结构和气敏性能随提拉次数不同而有很大差异,提拉1次、2次的样品薄膜不连续,电阻过大,灵敏度无法测量;提拉3次成膜的样品电阻稳定,气敏性能最好,对NO2有很高的灵敏度。     

Oxygen and carbon abundances for the WO stars

We present relative carbon and oxygen abundances derived via an optically thin recombination line analysis for five WO stars, and compare the derived abundances to recent evolutionary models. New recombination coefficients for O⁴⁺, O⁵⁺ and O⁶⁺ ions have allowed total oxygen abundances to be derived. The final C/He values range between 0.4 and 0.8 by number, consistent with C/He ratios previously derived for WC stars. O/He values range between 0.1–0.4, with C/O ratios between 2.1–4.8.A comparison of the derived abundances with the evolutionary models of Maeder (1990) and Schaller et al. (1992) shows promising agreement. We find reasonably tight agreement between the abundances derived for the WO stars. The degree of enhancement for the oxygen abundances in regions of low metallicity predicted by Maeder (1990) is not corroborated by our results.Additionally we present a revised, quantified classification scheme for WO subtypes. We extend the class to lower excitation, WO5, and place MS 4 (=WR 30a) in this class. Equivalent widths of the strongest lines of MS 4 are also presented. Finally, we present new observations of DR 1, a WO3 star located in the dwarf irregular galaxy IC 1613.     

WO3基低浓度NO2气敏传感器的研究

分别采用改进前后的溶胶-凝胶法制备WO3纳米材料,制作成直热式球形气敏元件,对低浓度的NO2气体进行测试.结果表明,改进后的溶胶-凝胶法制备的WO3材料,粒径小,表面疏松,对低浓度甚至极低浓度的NO2气体有很好的灵敏度,响应恢复时间很快,选择性好,而且所有元件都在较低的工作电压下有最高的灵敏度,说明工作温度低有利于降低功耗.     

基于霍耳效应的气敏传感器的研制

利用霍耳效应成功地研制了WO3半导体气敏传感器.这种新型传感器不仅可以根据需要输出几毫伏至几十毫伏甚至几百毫伏的直流电压,而且具有其它半导体传感器所没有的优点--无需另外加热.在实验中对NO2气体进行检测,结果表明:传感器的输出霍耳电动势在几毫伏到几百毫伏之间,且随待测气体浓度变化而变化.因此,利用霍耳效应制作气敏传感器是一条完全可行的新思路.     

Observations of the atmospheres and winds of O-stars,LBVs and Wolf-Rayet stars

This review summarises recent studies of O-stars, Luminous Blue Variables (LBVs) and Wolf-Rayet (WR) stars, emphasising observations and analyses of their atmospheres and stellar winds yielding determinations of their physical and chemical properties. Studies of these stellar groups provide important tests of both stellar wind theory and stellar evolution models incorporating mass-loss effects. Quantitative analyses of O-star spectra reveal enhanced helium abundances in Of and many luminous O-supergiants, together with CNO anomalies in OBN and Ofpe/WN9 stars, indicative of evolved objects. Enhanced helium, and CNO-cycle products are observed in several LBVs, implying a highly evolved status, whilst for the WR stars there is strong evidence for the exposition of CNO-cycle products in WN stars, and helium-burning products in WC and WO stars. The observed wind properties and mass-loss rates derived for O-stars show, in general terms, good agreement with predictions from the latest radiation-driven wind models, although some discrepancies are apparent. Several LBVs show similar mass-loss rates at maximum and minimum states, contrary to previous expectations, with the mechanism responsible for the variability and outbursts remaining unclear. WR stars exhibit the most extreme levels of mass-loss and stellar wind momenta. Whilst alternative mass-loss mechanisms have been proposed, recent calculations indicate that radiation pressure alone may be sufficient, given the strong ionization stratification present in their winds.     

The fundamental parameters of the central stars of eight WR ring nebulae

We describe work that has recently been completed on deriving the fundamental parameters of eight WR stars through the photoionization modelling of their surrounding nebulae using non-LTE WR flux distributions. The resulting effective temperatures range from 57 000–71 000 K for the WN4-5 stars and <30 000–42 000 K for the WN6-8 stars. The derived stellar parameters are compared with those obtained from stellar emission line modelling. We find good agreement for the hot early WN stars, indicating that the non-LTE WR flux distributions have essentially the correct shape in the crucial far-UV region. We find lower temperatures for the four cooler late WN stars, particularly for the two WN6 stars. For the nebulae surrounding these stars, we find that the model flux distributions produce too much nebular ionization. We suggest that these discrepancies arise because of the lack of line-blanketing in the WR atmospheres. For the WO1 central star of G2.4+1.4, with strong nebular He II 4686 A emission, we derive a temperature of 105 000 K, somewhat less than previous estimates. The positions of our eight WR stars on the H-R diagram are compared with the evolutionary tracks of Maeder (1990) for solar metallicity. In common with previous workers, we find that our derived luminosities are too low, giving an initial mass range of 25–40 M, below that expected for the majority of WR stars.     

三阶HWCNS的构造及其在高超声速流动中的应用

对网格质量要求高、计算稳定性差和计算效率低是制约高阶精度格式应用于高超声速复杂流动模拟的重要因素。针对这些问题,发展了三阶精度的混合节点半节点加权紧致非线性格式(HWCNS3),改进其光滑测试因子和非线性权得到了HWCNS3-OP,并给出了它们的频谱特性。利用Lax和Osher-Shu算例测试了格式对间断和高频波的捕捉能力;通过钝锥和航天飞机的高超声速绕流算例,考察了HWCNS3-OP在真实流动模拟中热流和气动力的预测精度及其计算效率。研究结果表明:HWCNS3-OP具有较高的分辨率和良好的间断捕捉能力,高频波捕捉能力相对HWCNS3提高了约3倍,相对守恒律的单调迎风中心格式(MUSCL)提高了约4倍;HWCNS3-OP计算稳定性较好,计算效率相对五阶HWCNS提高了2~3倍,HWCNS3-OP是一种较适合高超声速复杂流动模拟的高阶精度格式。     

周向平均方法在某风扇/增压级分析中的应用简

 通过对三维（3D）Navier-Stokes方程进行周向平均,得到了通流模型的控制方程,对其采用时间推进有限体积方法进行数值求解。为实现风扇/增压级在设计初期的快速性能评估,考察了周向平均方法在风扇/增压级分析中的准确性。分别利用NUMECA三维数值模拟软件和周向平均通流模型（CAM）对某高通流风扇/增压级进行了性能分析,从对比结果来看,周向平均通流模型在近设计点给出了与三维数值模拟十分接近的特性参数,最大误差不超过2.0%。在风扇转子中,由于周向平均通流模型能捕获通道激波,其物理本质与三维平均结果有所区别,因此径向参数分布与三维有所差异。而在亚声速流动下的增压级及外涵道各叶片排出口参数的径向分布与三维数值模拟结果都能很好地吻合。     

周向平均方法在某风扇/增压级分析中的应用

通过对三维（3D）Navier-Stokes方程进行周向平均,得到了通流模型的控制方程,对其采用时间推进有限体积方法进行数值求解。为实现风扇/增压级在设计初期的快速性能评估,考察了周向平均方法在风扇/增压级分析中的准确性。分别利用NUMECA三维数值模拟软件和周向平均通流模型（CAM）对某高通流风扇/增压级进行了性能分析,从对比结果来看,周向平均通流模型在近设计点给出了与三维数值模拟十分接近的特性参数,最大误差不超过2.0%。在风扇转子中,由于周向平均通流模型能捕获通道激波,其物理本质与三维平均结果有所区别,因此径向参数分布与三维有所差异。而在亚声速流动下的增压级及外涵道各叶片排出口参数的径向分布与三维数值模拟结果都能很好地吻合。     

A Weighted Inner Product Estimator in the Geometric Algebra of Euclidean 3-Space for Source Localization Using an EM Vector-sensor

In this paper, the source localization by utilizing the measurements of a single electromagnetic (EM) vector-sensor is investigated in the framework of the geometric algebra of Euclidean 3-space. In order to describe the orthogonality among the electric and magnetic measurements, two multivectors of the geometric algebra of Euclidean 3-space (G3) are used to model the outputs of a spatially collocated EM vector-sensor. Two estimators for the wave propagation vector estimation are then formulated by the inner product between a vector and a bivector in the G3. Since the information used by the two estimators is different, a weighted inner product estimator is then proposed to fuse the two estimators together in the sense of the minimum mean square error (MMSE). Analytical results show that the statistical performances of the weighted inner product estimator are always better than its traditional cross product counterpart. The efficacy of the weighted inner product estimator and the correctness of the analytical predictions are demonstrated by simulation results.