Acceleration reactions of cells and tissues--their genetic-phylogenic implications.

This paper speculates about the interplay between adaptational modifications with mutation and selection. Gravity effects are supposed to be very well suited to prove the role of direct adaptations for phylogenic processes. The speculation is based on strong hints that the cell in general reacts to accelerations (besides other mechanical stimuli) in the order of 1g and near weightlessness. Several-generations experiments in space may contribute to solve this fundamental question of evolution.     

月面回转钻进采样非脆弱鲁棒控制

回转钻进采样技术是实现月面采样任务的重要手段。回转采样机构在月面复杂环境下会发生模型摄动,并受到外部扰动的影响,采样控制器的鲁棒性对顺利完成采样任务具有重要意义。本文针对回转采样机构,分析了采样过程中的模型摄动、外部扰动影响,建立了采样机构状态空间模型,利用线性矩阵不等式方法设计了状态反馈非脆弱鲁棒控制器,仿真结果表明:在有界模型摄动、有界随机系统扰动情况下,回转钻进采样控制系统内稳定,并对扰动具有抑制能力。     

卫星在电视广播中的应用

近十年来,卫星广播技术的发展十分迅速。文章全面地阐述了广播卫星的使用频段以及各种接收方式。并对Ku 波段卫星广播的规划,直播卫星(DBS)系统的关键部件,地面接收系统的小型化和卫星广播电视的传输制式等问题进行了论述。最后,概括了国外直播电视的发展状况。     

基于PWM_ON_PWM调制方式的控制力矩陀螺框架电机驱动控制

控制力矩陀螺框架电机驱动电路采用的脉宽调制方式不同,所产生的电机转矩脉动也会不同.针对无刷直流电机驱动的控制力矩陀螺框架系统,从换相期间转矩脉动、非换相期间转矩脉动及脉宽调制方式的应用改进3个方面对不同脉宽调制方式进行分析,得出采用PWM_ON_PWM方式的转矩脉动最小,适用于控制力矩陀螺框架系统的高精度控制要求.通过仿真验证了分析的正确性.     

遥感卫星多路数据传输系统同频共用方法

为节省频率资源，遥感卫星通常采用扩频体制实现多路数据的同频共用传输，针对通道间容易引起相互干扰的问题进行了研究，通过改进码分多址干扰估算模型，对采用平衡Gold码序列扩频系统抗干扰容限上界进行预测。在满足国际电信联盟（ITU）对卫星辐射功率通量密度约束条件下，提出了一种基于直接序列扩频体制的两路业务数据同频共用传输方法。仿真结果表明：当载波频率2GHz左右，两路辐射源的EIRP之差不大于8～15dBw时可以实现同频共用传输；如对信号扩频带宽进行差异化处理，则其相互兼容性还可进一步提高。     

Gravitational response of the slime mold Physarum.

The acellular slime mold Physarum polycephalum is used as a model system to investigate the graviresponse of single cells which possess no receptors specialized for the perception of gravity. To obtain insights into the gravity-signal transduction mechanism the light response of the cell is used: Macroplasmodia of the slime mold show clear geo- and phototaxes. Gravity increases and white light decreases transiently the contraction frequency of plasmodial strands whereby both responses follow the same time pattern. Since mitochondria play a major role in changing the contraction rhythm in response to light and gravity stimuli, the simultaneous and subsequent inductions of the opposing light and gravity responses and their mutual influences on one another were investigated. The experiments were performed in weightlessness (0 g)--simulated on the fast-rotating clinostat as well as in actual weightlessness during the IML-1 Space Shuttle mission. The results indicate that mitochondria (chondriome) are part of the acceleration-stimulus reaction chain in Physarum. Two models for a direct gravireceptor mechanism are discussed.     

直升机声疲劳源的诊断技术研究

首次开展直升机声疲劳源的诊断工作,基于小波变换原理,建立了直升机声疲劳源的诊断方法与技术,它包含小波分解与重构阶数的确定、噪声信号分解、分解信号重构以及分离信号的1/3倍频程计算等方面内容.该方法具有低频信号分辨率高和易于重构等特征,特别适合直升机的主、尾桨噪声信号进行分离.通过对模拟的主、尾桨信号进行分离,并将分离后的信号与原始信号相比,发现误差不超过2.3%,因此,验证了该法的有效性.另外,应用该法还对小松鼠直升机所记录的噪声信号进行主、尾桨噪声分离,所得结果表明:建立的直升机声疲劳源的诊断技术,能够处理直升机非平稳噪声信号,可以完成直升机主、尾桨噪声的分离.     

一种低摩擦间隙可控机构在舵机上的应用

摩擦和间隙是影响电动舵机结构力学特性的典型非线性因素.基于电动舵机伺服系统模型,研究摩擦、间隙非线性因素的特性及其对舵机控制的影响.设计一种低摩擦力、间隙可控舵机传动机构,进行实验与仿真分析.结果表明,该新型传动机构能够改善传统舵机摩擦阻力大、间隙可控性差的状况,并提高舵机控制的精度和稳定性,为电动舵机伺服系统结构特性研究和控制系统研究提供基础.     

Theoretical considerations of plant gravisensing.

The mechanisms proposed to explain gravity sensing can be divided into two groups, "statolith" and "non-statolith" mechanisms. The traditional estimates of the plausibility of these mechanisms are based on the analysis of the signal-to-noise ratio. The existing data indicate that the problem of plant gravisensing may be related to the general problem of the detection of weak signals in mechanoreceptors. This paper reviews the known mechanisms of plant gravisensing as well as the latest nonlinear stochastic models of mechanoreception in which noise promotes detection and amplification of weak signals. These models based on nonlinear stochastic phenomena may be used to explain plant gravisensing, if the cell is considered a dynamic, spatially distributed system of active intracellular cytoskeletal networks and mechanosensitive proteins.     

一种通用的航天器在轨分离设计方法

随着空间探测任务的多样化和复杂化,利用单个航天器的多舱段实现多任务、多目标探测已成为航天技术的发展趋势。通常情况下,舱段分离信号将触发航天器的后续自主控制,直接影响航天器的自身安全和后续任务执行。本文从保证分离信号可靠和分离过程安全的角度提出了一种典型的分离信号配置与通用的分离信号触发控制逻辑,并建立了航天器在轨分离安全性数学模型。该模型和逻辑控制方法经过仿真分析和实际在轨飞行任务验证,确认了方法的可行性和正确性,可以作为后续航天任务的参考。     

大气湍流对深空天线组阵相位影响分析

深空测控网采用大规模天线组阵系统比单个大天线具有一定优势,构建一个Ka频段的天线组阵系统无论对于星际测控通信还是天文观测都是一种经济、可持续扩展的技术方案。然而天线组阵系统工作于Ka频段时,由于天线间相位的快速起伏漂移将使得合成信噪比迅速恶化,尤其对于深空测控上行链路信号的相位监测和闭环控制带来巨大挑战,所以对天线间大气相位扰动测量和数值模拟非常必要。参考国外相关的干涉测量数据,首先分析了天线组阵大气相位扰动测量和统计分析方法;然后利用微波大气湍流模型,建立了天线组阵相位漂移抖动模型;对大气湍流引起的相位延迟扰动过程进行了仿真实现。利用模型产生的天线组阵相位抖动数值,可以测试和评估天线组阵信号合成处理系统的适用性。     

用于评定火炮火力支援效果的马尔科夫模型

根据炮兵作战理论和实际作战流程，建立了用于评定间瞄武器进行火力支援的作战效能模型。该模型不仅可以比较不同火炮系统的作战效能，还可通过修改模型参数使其能反映不同的作战强度，对炮兵的战术决策有一定的参考意义。     

自适应模型跟踪控制在仿真伺服系统中的应用

针对飞行仿真伺服系统动态性能要求的特殊性和系统本身的非线性 ,提出了自适应模型跟踪的有效控制方法。文章在探讨参考模型选取的基础上 ,推导出一种飞行仿真位置伺服系统的自适应模型跟踪算法 ,并将其用于某一飞行仿真伺服系统。实验表明 ,该算法使系统获得了优良的动态性能 ,尤其对改善系统的频率响应 ,拓宽系统频带具有很好的效果。最后给出了部分实验结果     

Statistical evaluation of GLONASS amplitude scintillation over low latitudes in the Brazilian territory

The ionospheric scintillation, generated by the ionospheric plasma irregularities, affects the radio signals that pass through it. Their effects are widely studied in the literature with two different approaches. The first one deals with the use of radio signals to study and understand the morphology of this phenomenon, while the second one seeks to understand and model how much this phenomenon interferes in the radio signals and consequently in the services to which these systems work. The interest of several areas, particularly to those that are life critical, has increased using the concept of satellite multi-constellation, which consists of receiving, processing and using data from different navigation and positioning systems. Although there is a vast literature analyzing the effects of ionospheric scintillation on satellite navigation systems, the number of studies using signals received from the Russian satellite positioning system (named GLONASS) is still very rare. This work presents for the first time in the Brazilian low-latitude sector a statistical analysis of ionospheric scintillation data for all levels of magnetic activities obtained by a set of scintillation monitors that receive signals from the GLONASS system. In this study, data collected from four stations were used in the analysis; Fortaleza, Presidente Prudente, São José dos Campos and Porto Alegre. The GLONASS L-band signals were analyzed for the period from December 21, 2012 to June 20, 2016, which includes the peak of the solar cycle 24 that occurred in 2014. The main characteristics of scintillation presented in this study include: (1) the statistical evaluation of seasonal and solar activity, showing the chances that an user on similar geophysical conditions may be susceptible to the effects of ionospheric scintillation; (2) a temporal analysis based on the local time distribution of scintillation at different seasons and intensity levels; and (3) the evaluation of number of simultaneously affected channels and its effects on the dilution of precision (DOP) for GNSS users are also presented in order to alert the timetables in which navigation will be most susceptible to such effects, as well as statistics on simultaneously affected channels. Relevant results about these statistical characteristics of scintillation are presented and analyzed providing relevant information about availability of a navigation system.     

地基北斗GEO卫星直反信号功率测量偏差分析

针对接收天线方向性造成的北斗地球同步轨道（GEO）卫星直反信号功率测量偏差进行研究。给出地基场景下实际天线接收的直反信号及其功率表达式,讨论天线方向性造成的北斗GEO卫星直反信号功率测量相对偏差,设置具体观测场景进行仿真分析。理论与仿真结果表明：具体场景和时刻下的北斗GEO卫星直反信号功率测量偏差为固定偏差,由天线对干扰信号的抑制性能、天线架设高度和反射面介电常数共同决定;相对偏差的大小随着天线对干扰信号抑制性能的增强而减小,随着天线架设高度的变化在某一范围内波动,也会随着反射面介电常数的变化而变化。     

用于铯光泵磁强计的无磁恒温控制系统设计

针对铯光泵磁强计对原子气室温度高稳定性及无磁干扰的要求，设计了一种用于铯光泵磁强计的无磁恒温控制系统。该系统主要包括无磁加热器件与无磁恒温控制电路。无磁加热器件采用微机电系统工艺的双层对称四线结构，可有效抑制电流产生的磁场；无磁恒温控制电路通过交流加热进一步减小恒定磁场干扰，以现场可编程门阵列为核心，使用直接数字式频率合成技术产生高频加热信号，再经功率放大进行无磁恒温控制，减少硬件电路资源。测试结果表明，气室恒温控制的温度噪声峰峰值可达到0.02 ℃，满足光泵磁强计的性能要求。     

一种克服不灵敏区的自适应控制方法

利用不灵敏区逆函数技术提出了能够改善不灵敏区非线性因素对系统影响的鲁棒模型参考自适应控制.基于自适应控制模型匹配方程推导了闭环系统误差方程,分析了标称化参数估计误差.仿真研究了控制算法在导弹自动驾驶仪中的应用.      

The search for extra-solar planetary systems.

I review the observational evidence for planetary systems around nearby stars and, using our own solar system as a guide, assess the stringent requirements that new searches need to meet in order to unambiguously establish the presence of another planetary system. Basically, these requirements are: 1 milliarcsecond or better positional accuracy for astrometric techniques, 9 orders of magnitude or better star to planet luminosity ratio discrimination at 0.5 to 1" separation in the optical for direct imaging techniques, 10 meters sec-1 or better radial velocity accuracy for reflex motion techniques and +/-1% or better brightness fluctuation accuracy for planet/star occultation measurements. The astrometric accuracy is in reach of HST, direct imaging will require much larger telescopes and/or a 50 times smoother mirror than HST while the reflex motion and occultation techniques best performed on the ground are just becoming viable and promise exciting new discoveries. On the other band, new indirect evidence on the existence of other planetary systems also comes from the observation of large dusty disks around nearby main sequence stars not too dissimilar from our sun. In one particular case, that of Beta Pictoris, a flattened disk seen nearly edge-on has been imaged in the optical and near IR down to almost 70 AU of the star. It probably represents a young planetary system in its clearing out phase as planetesimals collide, erode and are swept out of the inner system by radiation pressure. The hypothesized Kuiper belt around our solar system may be the analogous structure in a later evolutionary stage. Features of this type have been detected in the far IR and sub-millimeter wavelength regions around 50-100 nearby main sequence and pre-main sequence stars. I discuss a battery of new accurate observations planned in the near future of these objects some of which may actually harbour planets or planetesimals that will certainly dramatically improve our knowledge of planetary system formation processes and our peculiar position in this scheme.     

板料冲压成形过程的一种数值模拟方法

在板料冲压成形过程中存在着大变形、大应变,且几何、物理及边界条件三重非线性相互耦合使得计算过程较为复杂.在虚功原理的基础上对板料冲压成形过程的弹塑性有限元分析方法进行了研究,并将有限变形弹塑性有限元法引入板料冲压成形过程,采用更新拉格朗日(ULM, Updated Lagrange Method) 方法描述,推导了有限元列式,建立了板料成形过程的有限元分析模型,开发了分析程序.通过对汽车油底壳的成形模拟说明了模型的正确性.      

平流层飞艇太阳能源系统研究

以平流层太阳能飞艇平台为背景,对平流层太阳能飞艇能源系统展开了分析和研究。文中建立了飞艇表面太阳能电池接收太阳直接辐射、散射辐射、反射辐射的模型。利用该模型对某飞艇太阳能电池进行计算,结果显示飞艇接收的太阳辐射能量与飞艇的工作纬度、季节、太阳能电池阵列表面面积、飞行姿态密切相关。当飞艇的脊背从日出到日落时刻正对太阳光线时,太阳能电池接收到的太阳辐射能量将是最大的。