传感器故障下的航空发动机机载自适应模型重构

利用航空发动机测量参数偏离正常工作情况下的变化量,可以估计发动机的非额定工作状况,并以此对机载模型进行校正,使其与真实发动机工作状况保持一致。建立了包含发动机性能蜕化因素的状态变量模型并对其进行了增广,设计了卡尔曼滤波器,根据可测输出偏离量对发动机性能蜕化值进行了估计,并将性能蜕化值用于修正发动机不可测输出参数。考虑了当某一传感器发生故障后,利用一簇卡尔曼滤波器对发生故障的传感器进行诊断并隔离,并依据剩余非故障传感器的信息对自适应模型进行重构。仿真结果表明,重构的自适应模型能够满足精度及实时性要求。      

基于非线性Wiener过程的航空发动机性能衰减建模与剩余寿命预测

针对航空发动机在性能衰减过程中普遍存在的非线性和三源不确定性问题,提出了一种基于非线性Wiener过程的航空发动机性能衰减建模与剩余寿命（RUL）预测方法。首先,为解决目前大多数剩余寿命预测方法中潜在假设的局限性,即当前时刻估计的漂移系数与上一时刻漂移系数的后验估计完全相等,在状态空间模型的框架下建立了一类新的同时考虑非线性和三源不确定性的性能衰减模型,并在首达时间下推导出剩余寿命的分布。然后,针对新研发航空发动机缺乏历史数据和先验信息的问题,提出了一种基于Kalman滤波和条件期望最大化（ECM）算法的参数估计方法,使得估计的模型参数不依赖于历史数据量。同时能够在获得一个新的性能衰减数据后,实现对模型参数的自适应估计和在线更新,进而实时地更新航空发动机的剩余寿命分布。实验结果表明,本文方法可以有效地提高剩余寿命预测的准确性,能为航空发动机的维修决策提供可靠的依据。     

A Smart Low-Power Meteorological System

A new low-power instrument to measure meteorological parameters has been developed. The instrument is based on an intelligent data cruncher concept: Fast sensor data rates are stored and process to yield a variety of answers for each parameter, at slower data rates, as appropriate. Special methods are used to achieve these results with an average current drain of under one mA, including sensors. Sampling rates and processing algorithms are designed to correct for swaying ocean-deployed buoys. A modular approach to design allows many types of sensors to be accommodated and permits data dissemination to a variety of destinations; data is available for real-time transmission or for internal archiving. The Weather Station's high-capacity internal data storage system, coupled with its fast data acquisition rates, enable the instrument to be used for air turbulence measurements.     

基于声矢量传感器阵列的鲁棒H∞空气流动 速度估计算法

 研究了基于声矢量传感器阵列的空气流动速度测量问题。首先,根据声波在气流中的传播原理,求得声场中质点振速与空气流动速度的关系表达式,建立基于声矢量传感器线性阵列的测量模型。在此基础上,根据各个阵元输出信号之间的相位差,提出了基于鲁棒H_∞滤波的空气流动速度估计算法,该算法通过各个阵元的信息迭代估计出空气流动速度。然后从理论上讨论了算法的初值选取,并分析了算法对随机扰动的鲁棒性。最后,计算机仿真表明该算法具有良好的鲁棒性和容错性。     

民用航空发动机状态监视和故障诊断系统研究

北京飞机维修工程公司、北京航空航天大学、中国民航学院、东方航空公司联合发展了用计算机进行发动机状态监视和故障诊断的系统EMD, 已在国内最大的两家航空公司试用成功。对B767、B747、A310共13架大型客机的40台发动机进行状态监视和故障诊断, 取得良好的经济效益。      

Integrated precision SAR targeting: a SAR targeting simulation

Operational deficiencies exist in the current ability to perform high resolution synthetic aperture radar (SAR) targeting for precision strike missions in difficult electronic countermeasure (ECM) and anti-aircraft environments. Increasingly sophisticated enemy defenses require that fire control information be derived from highly maneuverable aircraft trajectories rather than traditional straight-and-level flight. In addition, target area aspect information is needed to determine optimal attack approaches. These imaging and targeting conditions impose severe performance requirements on the sensor aircraft motion compensation system (MCS), and dictate the need for sophisticated algorithms to counteract ECM threats. This paper describes the development of a user friendly “Design Tool” for modeling and analysis of airborne radar system performance for SAR imaging and Precision SAR Targeting     

基于信度规则库的惯性平台健康状态参数在线估计

 实时准确的健康状态预测是规划惯性平台系统及时、经济的维修策略的关键技术。由于平台系统的健康状态是不能够直接观测的,假设平台系统的特征参数监测数据是可以获取到的,而且平台系统的健康状态与特征量是相关的。基于信度规则库(BRB),以平台系统的状态监测特征参数作为BRB系统的输入,以平台的健康状态作为输出结果,组建了惯性平台健康状态预测系统。为了克服现有BRB参数优化方法的不足,实现实时状态预测,基于期望最大化(EM)算法,研究了健康状态预测系统的参数在线估计算法。该算法在获取系统新的输入输出信息后,就对参数进行更新。利用本文提出的方法对惯性平台系统的健康状态实时预测问题进行了实验分析,实验结果表明：该方法可以有效地实现惯性平台系统健康状态预测模型参数实时估计;与参数离线优化方法相比,该方法不仅在预测精度上,而且在运行时间上都具有明显的优势;在工程实际中有良好的应用潜力。     

Experimental research on electrochemical machining of titanium alloy Ti60 for a blisk

Ti60(Ti–5.6Al–4.8Sn–2Zr–1Mo–0.35Si–0.7Nd) is a high-temperature titanium alloy that is now used for important components of aircraft engines. Electrochemical machining(ECM) is a promising technique that has several advantages, such as a high machining rate, and can be used on a wide range of difficult-to-process materials. In this paper, orthogonal experiments are conducted to investigate ECM of Ti60, with the aim of determining the influences of some electrochemical process parameters on the surface roughness. The most important parameter is found to be the frequency of the pulsed power supply. It is found that using suitably optimized parameters for ECM can greatly decrease the surface roughness of a workpiece. A surface roughness of approximately 0.912 lm can be obtained with the following optimal parameters: Na Cl electrolyte concentration 13wt%, voltage20 V, pulse frequency 0.4 k Hz, duty cycle 0.3, temperature 23 °C, and anode feed rate 0.5 mm/min.Furthermore, blisk blades have been successfully processed using these optimized parameters.     

超声速氩气流磁流体发电初步实验研究(英文)

利用激波风洞,采用氦气驱动氩气,在平衡接触面运行方式下得到高温气体,通过在低压段注入电离种子K2CO3粉末,实现高温条件下导电流体的产生,开展了超声速氩气流磁流体功率提取初步实验研究。在喷管入口总压0.32MPa、总温6504K,磁场强度约0.5T、喷管出口气流速度1959m/s的条件下,对分段磁流体功率提取通道电极的感应电压和短路电流进行了测量,实验测量结果与理论计算相吻合,并由电压电流计算得出了平均电导率约20S/m左右,在负载系数为0.5的情况下,磁流体功率提取通道最大的功率密度可达4.7971MW/m3,最大焓提取率为0.34%。最后分析并给出了气体状态参数T1,M1,T2,M2的测试原理与方法。     

KUPS: Knowledge-Based Ubiquitous and Persistent Sensor Networks for Threat Assessment

We propose a knowledge-based ubiquitous and persistent sensor network (KUPS) for threat assessment, in which "sensor" is a broad characterization. It refers to diverse data or information from ubiquitous and persistent sensor sources such as organic sensors and human intelligence sensors. Our KUPS for threat assessment consists of two major steps: situation awareness using fuzzy logic systems (FLSs) and threat parameter estimation using radar sensor networks (RSNs). Our FLSs combine the linguistic knowledge from different intelligent sensors, and our proposed maximum-likelihood (ML) estimation algorithm performs target radar cross section (RCS) parameter estimation. We also show that our ML estimator is unbiased and the variance of parameter estimation matches the Cramer-Rao lower bound (CRLB) if the radar pulses follow the Swerling II model. Simulations further validate our theoretical results.     

基于工业互联网和多传感器数据的电机故障诊断方法

提出了一种基于工业互联网和多传感器数据的电机故障诊断方法。通过各类传感器在线实时得到电机的电压、电流、振动、温度等信号的瞬时值,并转化为表征电机状态的各个特征参数。根据各个特征参数在各个故障模式下的变动情况,得到各个故障模式下故障特征及其隶属度。把故障特征与故障模式之间的关系分为充分条件和必要条件关系。按照充分条件和必要条件分类后,对每个故障模式对应的2类条件下的故障特征的隶属度进行融合,最后得出每个故障模式的隶属度,为远程运维系统决策服务。该方法既可以部署在电机远程运维工业互联网的边缘设备中,也可以部署在云平台服务程序中,实现快速而可靠的电机故障诊断。     

Extraction of ion distributions from magnetospheric ENA and EUV images

Energetic neutral atom (ENA) and extreme ultra-violet photon (EUV) imagers will soon be probing magnetospheric ion distributions from the NASA space missions IMAGE and TWINS. Although ENA and EUV images will differ greatly, the same basic mathematical approach can be applied to deducing the ion distributions: extracting the parameters of a model ion distribution in a model magnetic field (and, in the case of ENA, interacting with a model cold neutral population). The model ion distribution is highly non-linear in its many parameters (as many as 38 have been used) in order to describe the strong spatial gradients of ion intensities in the magnetosphere. We have developed several new computer algorithms to accomplish the extraction by minimizing the differences between a simulated (instrument-specific) image and an observed image (or set of images). Towards the goal of a truly automated `hands-off extraction algorithm, we have combined three algorithms into a Hierarchical Simplex Algorithm. At each step of the minimization, it first tries a sophisticated and efficient Adaptive Conjugate Gradient algorithm. Then, if the error function is not reduced, it defers to an intermediate Analytic Simplex algorithm, and (if this step also fails) it finally defaults to the robust but inefficient Downhill Simplex algorithm. Whenever a step is successful, the algorithm begins the next step at the top of the hierarchy. We also offer a completely different approach (without minimization) for the interpretation of sharp `edges in the images (e.g., the plasmapause in He ⁺ 30.4 nm EUV images of the plasmasphere). We demonstrate mathematically that the equatorial shape of the plasmapause can be constructed directly from the image using a simple graphical algorithm.     

电气/机械混合四余度无刷直流力矩电动机绕组短路分析

研究了绕组短路故障对直接驱动作动器(DDA)用电气/机械混合四余度无刷直流力矩电动机(BLDCTM)性能的影响。基于电气/机械混合四余度BLDCTM的数学模型,分析了短路故障对电机电气参数造成的影响,并且建立了绕组匝间短路和相间短路这两种短路形式下的等效电路模型。电机系统的仿真结果表明,本文所采用的低转速电气/机械混合四余度BLDCTM某一相绕组出现匝间短路或某余度的两相绕组出现相间短路时,DDA系统依然可以正常运行。电气/机械混合四余度BLDCTM完全可以克服绕组短路故障的影响,提高了DDA系统的可靠性。     

Flight path estimation using frequency measurements from a wideaperture acoustic array

A narrowband technique based on the acoustical Doppler effect is proposed for estimating the trajectory of a turbo-prop aircraft in level flight with constant velocity as it transits over a ground-based passive acoustic sensor array. The basic principle is to measure the temporal variation of the instantaneous frequency (IF) of the acoustic signal received by each sensor and then to minimize the sum of the squared deviations of the IF estimates from their predicted values over a sufficiently long period of time for all sensors. The technique provides estimates of the propeller blade rate and the five source motion parameters that describe the aircraft trajectory. The six dimensional minimization problem is reduced to a five dimensional maximization problem, which is solved numerically using the quasi-Newton method. A simple method is described that provides the initial parameter estimates required for the numerical maximization. The effectiveness of the motion parameter estimation technique is verified using real acoustic data recorded from a wide aperture microphone array during various transits of a turbo-prop aircraft     

基于模糊奇偶方程的非线性系统传感器故障诊断

 给出了一种非线性系统传感器的故障诊断方法。该方法将T-S 模糊模型、全解耦奇偶方程和参数估计相结合,同时对非线性系统的多个传感器的故障进行检测、隔离与识别。设计出用于产生残差的线性系统全解耦奇偶方程,并给出了全解耦奇偶向量的存在条件,全解耦奇偶方程产生的残差仅对一个传感器故障敏感,而对系统状态、扰动输入和其它传感器输出解耦。引入T-S 模型将全解耦奇偶方程推广到非线性系统中得到了模糊奇偶方程。传感器的故障模型表示为刻度因子和偏差的形式,根据残差信息应用卡尔曼估计方法可识别出故障模型的参数。最后给出了某型号飞机控制系统传感器的故障诊断仿真实例。     

基于拉线位移传感器的机器人标定应用研究

通过对拉线位移传感器在机器人标定领域国内外应用现状的研究,简略介绍了单线式一维和三线式三维测量系统,并提出一种单线复用三维测量系统模型。结合各测量系统的特点,提出相应的参数辨识算法。为了选取合适的标定校准点,以码垛机器人为例,分析了机器人工作空间中不同位置扰动误差对拉线测量值的影响。对机器人名义D-H参数和拉线测量值等制造模拟误差进行仿真标定。仿真结果表明,标定后定位精度提升90%,最后通过运动学标定试验进一步验证了标定方法的有效性,并指出仍需解决的若干问题。     

Direct thrust control for multivariable turbofan engine based on affine linear parameter-varying approach

A novel turbofan Direct Thrust Control(DTC) architecture based on Linear ParameterVarying(LPV) approach for a two-spool turbofan engine thrust control is proposed in this paper.Instead of transforming thrust command to shaft speed command and pressure ratio command, the thrust will be directly controlled by an optimal controller with two control variables. LPV model of the engine is established for the designing of thrust estimator and controller. A robust LPV H∞filter is introduced to estimate ...     

飞机的模型参考容错控制

 本文针对飞机内部元件或控制元件的故障,用检测滤波器理论设计了相应的故障检测器和故障参数估计器,并用Lyapunov稳定性理论设计了模型参考自适应容错控制律,从而保证了在内部故障情况下飞行控制系统的稳定性。     

由有限多个传感器测点诊断结构破损位置的试验研究

 提出了结构动态试验传感器测点位置的优化方法,发展了基于有限多个传感器测点信息的结构破损定位方法。该方法以结构各自由度的破损信息为条件,通过优化方法从结构的全部自由度中去掉那些所含结构破损信息很少的自由度,得到了有限个传感器测点的数目和位置,并且运用灵敏度分析和相关性分析方法,建立了直接利用不完整的实测模态振型诊断结构破损位置的破损定位方法,解决了测试振型不完整给结构破损诊断带来的困难。空间桁架结构破损诊断的实验研究表明,该方法能成功地诊断出结构单个或多个破损的位置。     

燃气轮机气路测量参数的模糊智能选择

针对燃气轮机气路性能的监测诊断需求,基于气路小偏差分析得到的影响系数矩阵,首先从测量参数选择的相关性要求出发,应用模糊聚类分析方法得到了要求数目的目标聚类;进一步从参数选择的敏感性等要求出发,通过模糊综合评价方法从多元素聚类中筛选出了各自的代表测量参数,从而实现了燃气轮机气路测量参数的模糊智能选择.实例表明:利用模糊聚类分析方法可直接实现测量参数的相关性选择,并可以方便可靠地根据目标要求选择合理的测量参数组合,利用模糊综合评价方法的测量参数的敏感性选择更为有效可靠.