LY12铝合金表面铈纳米膜的制备及显微组织特征

采用Sol-gel提拉法在LY12铝合金表面制备了铈的纳米膜。研究了成膜的最佳工艺条件。试验结果表明,处理溶液中铈的起始浓度、焙烧温度等都是影响膜质量的因素。在焙烧温度为400℃,铈的起始浓度为30g/L的条件下,可获得均匀,重复性好的膜。XPS测试结果证明了膜的主要成分为铈的氧化物,利用XRD测试结果估算出膜中的铈的粒径为10纳米。扫描电镜的结果指出了焙烧温度高低对膜层表面结构特征的影响。     

钛合金叶片前缘的外物损伤残余应力数值分析

为研究航空发动机叶片外物损伤(FOD)位置残余应力的分布规律,根据真实叶片前缘特征设计了模拟叶片,基于Johnson-Cook本构模型,使用LS-DYNA软件仿真分析钢珠以不同角度冲击钛合金模拟叶片前缘的过程,对比仿真与相同试验条件下的空气炮模拟外物损伤试验的FOD损伤形貌与宏观尺寸,验证了有限元模型的正确性。提取仿真计算的不同入射角度对应的FOD位置残余应力分布,结果表明:钢珠以0°角入射时,钢珠冲击产生的接触力和变形能明显大于其他入射角度的情况,说明钢珠偏斜一定角度入射时造成的偏斜型缺口处的材料失效与变形不如外物正撞前缘形成的半圆型缺口严重;在FOD缺口底部尖端靠近入射表面区域存在明显的残余拉应力。随着入射角度的增大,残余拉应力区的范围逐渐扩大,残余拉应力最大值逐渐减小。     

TC17钛合金焊接及局部热处理残余应力的数值模拟

对TC17钛合金平板的氩弧焊焊接和焊后热处理过程进行了数值模拟,模型中考虑材料相变和蠕变,计算得到焊接和热处理过程中的温度场演变情况和热处理前后残余应力分布规律。结果表明,由于存在较大的热输入,焊后产生了较大的残余应力,焊缝附近的HAZ区域纵向残余拉应力达到了650MPa左右,热处理后降低至160MPa左右。采用小孔法和X射线衍射仪测量了试件的残余应力,模拟计算得到的残余应力值与小孔法测试结果符合性较好。     

Experimental investigation of laser peening on TiAl alloy microstructure and properties

In order to study the effect of laser peening on microstructures and properties of Ti Al alloy, Ti Al alloy samples were treated by Nd:YAG laser system with the wavelength of 1064 nm,pulse-width of 18 ns, and pulse-energy of 0–10 J. Surface micro-hardness, roughness, and microstructural characteristics were tested with micro-hardness tester, roughness tester and scanning electron microscope. Residual stress and pole figures were tested with X-ray diffraction and its high-temperature stability was analyzed. The experimental results show that surface micro-hardness increases by up to 30%, roughness increases to 0.37 lm, compressive residual stress increases to 337 MPa, and local texture and typical lamellar microstructure are generated. Residual stress, micro-hardness, and(002) pole figures tests are conducted, compressive residual stress value drops from 337 MPa to 260 MPa, hardness value drops from 377 HV_(0.2) to 343 HV_(0.2), and the(002)poles shift back to the center slightly. Laser peening improves microstructure and properties of Ti Al alloy significantly.     

GH4096合金固溶冷却方式对性能和残余应力的影响

为了在保证GH4096合金主要力学性能的前提下,降低薄壁类零件用锻件的内部残余应力,提高零件加工过程的尺寸控制精度,研究空冷,风冷,油冷,盐浴等固溶冷却方式对GH4096合金环锻件析出相的尺寸和形貌、主要力学性能和内部残余应力的影响。结果表明:与采用传统油冷的试件相比,空冷试件的二次、三次γ′相较为粗大,蠕变性能和高温拉伸性能有较大幅度的降低,风冷试件的二次γ′相尺寸略有增大,三次γ′相尺寸相当,蠕变性能和拉伸性能有小幅降低,盐浴冷却试件的二次、三次γ′相尺寸相当,蠕变性能和拉伸性能相差较小。采用风冷的试件内部残余应力可控制在±100 MPa以内,比油冷和盐浴冷却的试件降低50%以上。GH4096合金环件固溶处理冷却方式采用风冷与传统的油冷和盐浴冷却方法相比,可以明显降低锻件内部残余应力,蠕变和高温拉伸等性能只有小幅降低,有助于改善GH4096合金薄壁零件冷加工过程的变形问题,提高尺寸控制精度。     

工艺参数对铝合金摩擦挤压增材组织及性能的影响

采用6061-T651铝合金圆棒进行摩擦挤压增材制造(friction extrusion additive manufacturing,FEAM)工艺实验研究,探讨和分析不同主轴转速对单道双层增材试样的增材成形、组织特征和力学性能的影响规律。结果表明:对给定横向移动速度300 mm/min,采用主轴转速为600 r/min和800 r/min均能获得完全致密无任何内部缺陷、厚度分别为2 mm和4 mm的单道双层增材试样,增材整体由细小等轴晶粒组成,增材层间实现冶金连接;800 r/min下工具轴肩的摩擦挤压作用降低,增材层间结合界面呈平直状,塑化金属流动不充分,沉积层宽度较窄、表面成形更粗糙;600 r/min下结合界面经历的塑性变形和热循环更为显著,晶粒细化至6.0μm,但增材界面区软化程度较严重,硬度仅为增材棒料母材的52.7%~56.2%,而800 r/min下界面区的硬度能够达到母材的56.0%~61.3%;在600 r/min和800 r/min下,增材试样均具有优良的综合力学性能,抗拉强度分别达到增材棒料母材6061-T651的66%和70%,而断后伸长率明显较高,分别为母材的212%和169%;与目前其他增材工艺力学性能比较均具有明显的优势。     

Investigation on surface roughness,residual stress and fatigue property of milling in-situ TiB2/7050Al metal matrix composites

For higher efficiency and precision manufacturing, more and more attentions are focused on the surface roughness and residual stress of machined parts to obtain a good fatigue life. At present, the in-situ TiB₂/7050Al metal matrix composites are widely researched due to its attractive properties such as low density, good wear resistance and improved strength. It is of great significance to investigate the machined surface roughness, residual stress and fatigue life for higher efficiency and precision manufacturing of this new kind material. In this study, the surface roughness including two-dimensional and three-dimensional roughness, residual stress and fatigue life of milling in-situ TiB₂/7050Al metal matrix composites were analyzed. It was found from comparative investigation that the three-dimensional surface roughness would be more appropriate to represent the machined surface profile of milling particle reinforced metal matrix composites. The cutting temperature played a great role on the residual stress. However, the effect of increasing cutting force could slow down the transformation from compressive stress to tensile stress under 270 °C. An exponential relationship between three-dimensional roughness and fatigue life was established and the main fracture mechanism was brittle fracture with observation of obvious shellfish veins, river pattern veins and wave shaped veins in fracture surface.     

Effect of blank quenching on shear spinning forming precision of 2219 aluminum alloy complex thin-walled components

The quenching-spinning (Q-S) process, i.e., shear spinning after blank quenching, has been increasingly utilized to form 2219 aluminum alloy complex thin-walled components. However, the changes in material property, shape and stress of the blanks after quenching will affect the spinning forming precision. In this study, the rules and mechanisms of these effects are investigated based on a combined finite element (FE) model including blank quenching and component spinning process. The results indicate that the increase of material strength and the existence of distortion of the quenched blank lead to a notable increase in the non-uniformity of the circumferential compressive stress in the spinning area and the increase of the flange swing height during spinning. These changes result in an increase in the wall thickness and component-mandrel gap of the components. The quenching residual stress has little effect on wall thickness and roundness but can noticeably reduce the component-mandrel gap. This is because that the existence of quenching residual stress of the blank can lead to the decrease of the maximum circumferential compressive stress of the workpiece in spinning and an obvious drop in the maximum compressive stress after reaching the stress peak. Quenching distortion is the main factor affecting the roundness. Moreover, the optimized installation way of the blank for spinning is obtained.     

中长寿命轮盘应力寿命及可靠性分析方法

针对轮盘榫槽结构理论应力集中系数难确定、采用传统应力寿命法估寿误差大问题, 提出一种改进应力寿命预估法.改进方法包括:提出应力修正系数概念和一种适用于轮盘榫槽结构的理论应力集中系数确定方法, 以及应力比修正方法.一旦确定了试棒的应力修正系数, 改进应力寿命法可采用光滑棒试验数据预估复杂结构寿命, 并考虑应力集中影响.进而建立了基于改进应力寿命法的应力寿命可靠性分析方法, 并对某风扇盘进行了疲劳寿命可靠性分析, 计算概率寿命与试验寿命吻合良好.      

热处理对激光增材制造TC4合金耐蚀性及室温压缩蠕变性能的影响

随着钛合金装备在航空、航天、航海等领域的使用逐渐增多,其服役环境日益严苛,对构件材料的抗腐蚀性能及室温应力蠕变性能提出了更高要求。针对钛合金耐蚀性及抗压缩蠕变的性能,分析了激光增材制造TC4合金不同热处理状态试样电化学及室温压缩蠕变性能,并结合蠕变曲线修正了蠕变第Ⅰ阶段本构方程的参数。结果表明,双重退火处理会显著减小增材制造TC4钛合金中α板条长径比与尺寸,而固溶时效可使α板条长径比增大、尺寸减小,导致了材料耐蚀性、屈服极限以及抗压缩蠕变性能的变化。沉积态合金经过固溶时效后自腐蚀电流降低64.92%,稳态蠕变应变率降低46.31%,蠕变应变降低50%。而经过双重退火后合金自腐蚀电流降低26.14%,稳态蠕变应变率提升111.20%,蠕变应变提升48.68%。相比于铸锻工艺制备TC4合金蠕变本构方程,修正后的拟合系数与蠕变曲线吻合度更高。     

TC17钛合金激光喷丸应力场及支持向量机应力热松弛模型

对TC17钛合金进行了不同功率密度下激光喷丸强化,使用X射线衍射仪测试了激光喷丸冲击波诱导的残余压应力场的分布,测试了不同温度真空保温下残余压应力的热松弛规律,最后基于支持向量机理论建立了残余压应力热松弛预测模型,并用试验结果对模型进行验证.研究表明:TC17钛合金在功率密度为4GW/cm2时表层残余压应力场最佳;残余压应力在280℃和450℃真空保温150min后分别有11.24%和27.11%的松弛;在280℃和450℃交替保温160min后应力松弛33.9%;残余压应力在试验温度保温160min后有大部分剩余,可以有效提高TC17钛合金抗疲劳性能、基于支持向量机的预测模型能够较精确的表征TC17钛合金的应力松弛规律,满足工程使用要求,对其他材料表层残余压应力热松弛分析具有借鉴意义.      

快速凝固Al-Ni-Cu-Nd金属玻璃的晶化行为及Al基纳米晶／非晶复合材料的结构特征研究

采用熔体旋甩法制备了快速凝固Al87Ni7Cu3Nd3金属玻璃薄带,并以连续加热和等温加热两种模式对非晶态薄带进行退火处理。采用差示扫描量热分析、X 射线衍射分析和高分辨率电镜分析等手段研究了非晶态薄带的晶化过程,对非晶态和退火态薄带的微观结构进行了细致检测,研究重点放在形成α Al纳米晶体颗粒的初始晶化行为,以便了解Al基纳米晶/非晶复合材料的结构特征。结果表明,快速凝固Al87Ni7Cu3Nd3合金薄带为单一的非晶态结构。非晶态薄带的晶化过程包括两个主要转变:α Al晶体从非晶基体中析出的初始晶化以及有Al3Ni,Al11Nd3和Al8Cu3Nd形成的第二次晶化过程。初始晶化的速率控制过程可能是铝自扩散,而第二次晶化过程则受控于溶质原子Ni,Nd和Cu的扩散。90～160℃等温退火薄带由α Al晶体相加残余非晶相的两相组织构成,随着等温温度的提高,初始晶化过程速率增大,而随着退火时间的延长,α Al晶体相的相对含量增大。110℃等温热暴露130min退火薄带的显微组织可以描述为,在非晶基体上均匀弥散分布着体积分数约20%的α Al晶体纳米(10nm)颗粒。