Analysis of grinding mechanics and improved grinding force model based on randomized grain geometric characteristics

Too high grinding force will lead to a large increase in specific grinding energy, resulting in high temperature in grinding zone, especially for the aerospace difficult cutting metal materials,seriously affecting the surface quality and accuracy. At present, the theoretical models of grinding force are mostly based on the assumption of uniform or simplified morphological characteristics of grains, which is inconsistent with the actual grains. Especially for non-engineering grinding wheel,most g...     

磨削力的实时采集和数据处理

磨削一般是零件加工的最后一道工序。磨削过程较为复杂，磨削力的大小不仅影响工件的表面质量，而且还影响零件的精度。在磨削机理研究及生产实际中常常需对磨削力进行测试，通过调整磨削用量，修整砂轮，实现在允许的磨削力范围内进行加工。提出了在磨床上安装测力系统，并采用单片机对磨削力信号进行实时采集处理，建立磨削力的经验公式，同时显示并打印结果。     

Design and experimental study of a micro-groove grinding wheel with spray cooling effect

The effectiveness of grinding fluid supply has a crucial impact on grinding quality and efficiency in high speed grinding. In order to improve the cooling and lubrication, through in-depth research of self-inhaling internal cooling method and intermittent grinding mechanism, a new spray cooling method used in high speed grinding is proposed. By referring to the structure of bowl- shaped dispersion disk, the grinding wheel matrix with atomization ability is designed; through studying heat transfer of droplet collision and the influence of micro-groove on the boiling heat transfer, grinding segment with micro-groove is designed to enhance the heat flux of coolant and achieve maximum heat transfer between droplets and grinding contact zone. High-speed grinding experiments on GH4169 with the developed grinding wheel are carried out. The results show that with the micro-groove grinding wheel just 5.4% of pump outlet flow rate and 0.5% of spindle energy is needed to reduce the grinding temperature to 200℃, which means the developed grinding wheel makes cooling high efficient and low energy consuming.     

Grinding temperature and energy ratio coefficient in MQL grinding of high-temperature nickel-base alloy by using different vegetable oils as base oil

Vegetable oil can be used as a base oil in minimal quantity of lubrication(MQL). This study compared the performances of MQL grinding by using castor oil, soybean oil, rapeseed oil, corn oil, sunflower oil, peanut oil, and palm oil as base oils. A K-P36 numerical-control precision surface grinder was used to perform plain grinding on a workpiece material with a high-temperature nickel base alloy. A YDM–III 99 three-dimensional dynamometer was used to measure grinding force,and a clip-type thermocouple was used to determine grinding temperature. The grinding force, grinding temperature, and energy ratio coefficient of MQL grinding were compared among the seven vegetable oil types. Results revealed that(1) castor oil-based MQL grinding yields the lowest grinding force but exhibits the highest grinding temperature and energy ratio coefficient;(2) palm oil-based MQL grinding generates the second lowest grinding force but shows the lowest grinding temperature and energy ratio coefficient;(3) MQL grinding based on the five other vegetable oils produces similar grinding forces, grinding temperatures, and energy ratio coefficients, with values ranging between those of castor oil and palm oil;(4) viscosity significantly influences grinding force and grinding temperature to a greater extent than fatty acid varieties and contents in vegetable oils;(5) although more viscous vegetable oil exhibits greater lubrication and significantly lower grinding force than less viscous vegetable oil, high viscosity reduces the heat exchange capability of vegetable oil and thus yields a high grinding temperature;(6) saturated fatty acid is a more efficient lubricant than unsaturated fatty acid; and(7) a short carbon chain transfers heat more effectively than a long carbon chain. Palm oil is the optimum base oil of MQL grinding, and this base oil yields 26.98 N tangential grinding force,87.10 N normal grinding force, 119.6 °C grinding temperature, and 42.7% energy ratio coefficient.     

纤维增强金属基复合材料细观几何结构对宏观弹性性能的影响

基于复合材料宏、细观场量之间的联系，建立了一种纤维增强复合材料宏—细观力学模型。该模型建立起了宏观与细观应力、应变场量之间的联系，获得了宏观应力—应变关系，试验及理论计算表明，该模型能够较好地预测复合材料宏观弹性性能。利用该模型研究了纤维截面形状和排列方式对金属基复合材料宏观弹性性能的影响。     

Grinding force and surface quality in creep feed profile grinding of turbine blade root of nickel-based superalloy with microcrystalline alumina abrasive wheels

Creep feed profile grinding of the fir-tree blade root forms of single crystal nickel-based superalloy was conducted using microcrystalline alumina abrasive wheels in the present study. The grinding force and the surface quality in terms of surface topography, subsurface microstructure, microhardness and residual stress obtained under different grinding conditions were evaluated comparatively. Experimental results indicated that the grinding force was influenced significantly by the competing predominance between the grinding parameters and the cross-sectional root workpiece profile. In addition, the root workpiece surface, including the root peak and valley regions, was produced with the large difference in surface quality due to the nonuniform grinding loads along the root workpiece profile in normal section. Detailed results showed that the surface roughness, subsurface plastic deformation and work hardening level of the root valley region were higher by up to 25%, 20% and 7% in average than those obtained in the root peak region, respectively, in the current investigation. Finally, the superior parameters were recommended in the creep feed profile grinding of the fir-tree blade root forms. This study is helpful to provide industry guidance to optimize the machining process for the high-valued parts with complicated profiles.     

驾驶员模型建模精度分析方法研究

针对频域内驾驶员描述函数和辨识方法和最小二乘的驾驶员模型参数的估计方法，按照严谨公式的规范条件建立了驾驶员模型建模精度评介公式，并对驾驶员完成俯仰跟踪任务时的仿真结果和驾驶员模型辨识结果进行了精度检验计算，同时还探讨了提高建模精度的有关技术问题。     

流体力学深度学习建模技术研究进展

深度学习技术在图像处理、语言翻译、疾病诊断、游戏竞赛等领域已带来了颠覆性的变化。流体力学问题由于维度高、非线性强、数据量大等特点,恰恰是深度学习擅长并可以带来研究范式创新的重要领域。目前,深度学习技术已在流体力学领域得到了初步应用,其应用潜力逐渐得到证实。以流体力学深度学习技术为背景,结合课题组近期研究结果,探讨了流体力学深度学习建模技术及其最新进展。首先,对深度学习技术所涉及的基本理论做了介绍,阐释流场建模中常用深度学习方法背后的数学原理。其次,分别对流体力学控制方程、流场重构、特征量建模和应用等几个典型的人工智能与流体力学交叉问题应用场景所涉及的深度学习技术研究进展进行了介绍。最后,探讨了流体力学深度学习建模技术所面临的挑战与未来发展趋势。     

应用于飞机装配的并联机构技术发展综述

并联机构的闭链结构使其具有良好的精度、刚性及动态性能,可满足飞机装配的精度、效率需求,因此,以并联机构为构型主体的自动化装配装备正越来越多地应用于飞机装配中。首先,概述了当前并联机构发展现状及飞机装配体现出的新特点,分析了并联机构应用于飞机装配的优势。其次,从飞机装配零部件加工和飞机零部件装配调姿定位两个方面综述了应用于飞机装配并联机构的国内外发展现状。然后,探讨了并联机构主要的前沿研究问题,从并联机构可重构设计、性能评价及优化设计、精度建模和力/位协同控制等4个方面,详细分析了并联机构应用于飞机装配中的关键技术。最后,对并联机构应用在飞机装配中未来的发展方向和机遇做了展望。     

Cooling and lubrication techniques in grinding: A state-of-the-art review,applications, and sustainability assessment

Grinding technology is an essential manufacturing operation, in particular, when a component with a superfinishing and an ultra-resolution is yearned. Meeting the required strict quality checklist with maintaining a high level of productivity and sustainability is a substantive issue. The recent paper outlines the lubrication and cooling technologies and mediums that are used for grinding. Furthermore, it provides a basis for a critical assessment of the different lubrication/cooling techniques ...     

Factor graph based navigation and positioning for control system design: A review

Navigation and positioning is an important and challenging problem in many control engineering applications. It provides feedback information to design controllers for systems. In this paper, a bibliographical review on factor graph based navigation and positioning is presented. More specifically, the sensor modeling, the factor graph optimization methods, and the topology factor based cooperative localization are reviewed. The navigation and positioning methods via factor graph are considered a...     

Control techniques of tilt rotor unmanned aerial vehicle systems:A review

The tilt rotor unmanned aerial vehicle (TRUAV) exhibits special application value due to its unique rotor structure. However, varying dynamics and aerodynamic interference caused by tiltable rotors are great technical challenges and key issues for TRUAV's high-powered flight con-trols, which have attracted the attention of many researchers. This paper outlines the concept of TRUAV and some typical TRUAV platforms while focusing on control techniques. TRUAV struc-tural features, dynamics modeling, and flight control methods are discussed, and major challenges and corresponding developmental tendencies associated with TRUAV flight control are summa-rized.     

Design,modeling, and control of morphing aircraft: A review

A morphing aircraft can adapt its configuration to suit different types of tasks, which is also an important requirement of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles(UAV). The successful development of an unmanned morphing aircraft involves three steps that determine its ability and intelligent: configuration design, dynamic modeling and flight control. This study conducts a comprehensive survey of morphing aircraft. First, the methods to design the configuration of a morphing aircraft are presented and analyzed...     

Machining of SiC ceramic matrix composites: A review

Continuous fiber reinforced SiC ceramic matrix composites (FRCMCs-SiC) are currently the preferred material for hot section components, safety–critical components and braking components (in the aerospace, energy, transportation) with high value, and have triggered the demand for machining. However, the high brittleness, anisotropy, and heterogeneity of materials bring great challenges to machining, due to high mechanical and thermal loads, severe tool wear, and poor machining quality. With the increasing demand of FRCMCs-SiC parts, high-quality and high-efficient machining has become a hot issue. This review paper provides a detailed literature survey on the machining of FRCMCs-SiC. The material removal mechanism, defect form, and interfacial mechanical properties of FRCMCs-SiC were summarized. The machining processes of FRCMCs-SiC were introduced, and their respective advantages and disadvantages were compared. Given the low machinability (high hardness, high brittleness, anisotropy, and heterogeneity) of FRCMCs-SiC, preliminary experiments have proved that ultrasonic-assisted machining and laser-assisted machining have shown unique advantages in reducing force and tool wear, improving machining quality and machining efficiency. The machined surface integrity was discussed, the influence of process parameters on the machined surface quality was analyzed, and the machining defects of FRCMCs-SiC were summarized. But for FRCMCs-SiC, the existing quantitative evaluation of the machined surface integrity was weak and unsystematic.     

Optimization of cooling structures in gas turbines: A review

Attempts for higher output power and thermal efficiency of gas turbines make the inlet temperature of turbine to be far beyond the material melting temperature. Therefore, to protect the airfoil in gas turbine from hot gas and eventually prolong the lifetime of the blade, internal and film cooling structures with better thermal performance and cooling effectiveness are urgently needed.However, the traditional way of proceeding involves numerous simulations, additional experiments,and separate tr...     

Heat transfer behaviors of some supercritical fluids:A review

Supercritical fluids(e.g., hydrocarbon fuels, water, carbon dioxide, and organic working medium, etc) have been recognized as working media to improve thermal efficiencies in power cycles and energy conversion, and have been used or selected as the working fluids in engineering fields such as aerospace, nuclear power, solar energy, refrigeration, geothermal energy, chemical technology, and so on. To better understand the interesting characteristic or abnormal behaviors of supercritical fluids, m...     

Corrosion and aging of organic aviation coatings: A review

Organic anticorrosive aviation coatings are an effective guarantee for aviation structure,since aircraft corrosion can lead to great economic losses. Whether it is during ground parking or air cruises, organic aviation coatings are important barriers to the corrosion of aviation structure.With the vigorous development of the aviation industry, organic aviation coatings continue to meet the challenges of diverse, complex, and harsh service environments. This review analyzes and summarizes the res...     

Recent progress of residual stress measurement methods: A review

Residual stress is one of the main factors affecting the mechanical properties of materials, such as their strength, plasticity and surface integrity. For instance, tensile stress conditions can adversely affect material performance or component life, while compressive stress conditions can improve material fatigue strength. During the processing of integrated aviation structures, machining deformation caused by residual stress has become one of the most prominent manufacturing problems. Therefore, it is very important to measure and evaluate the stress for real applications. This paper reviews the research of residual stress measurement methods over the past five years by classifying them according to the measurement methods appearing in each stage. The existing problems and difficulties of each measurement technology are summarized, and future trends are forecasted. This paper provides a reference for further in-depth study of residual stress measurement technologies.     

激光增材制造过程数值仿真技术综述

数值仿真是研究激光增材制造过程中各类物理现象、揭示零件缺陷形成机理、优化增材制造工艺参数的重要手段,该领域学者针对增材制造过程中的热分析、金属粉末颗粒性质分析、微观结构分析、质量缺陷成因分析等方面,开展了大量研究,提出了相应的数学模型和方法。激光增材制造过程的数值仿真是一个在空间和时间上均跨越多个尺度的复杂问题,微观、介观、宏观尺度下数值仿真所关注的对象和所使用的方法各不相同;多数研究聚焦于某一尺度下的过程仿真,另一部分研究则基于不同模型的数据关系建立模型间的耦合关系,实现热-相、热-力的综合分析。对现阶段激光增材制造数值仿真领域的主要技术进行了综述,在梳理数值仿真基本流程的基础上,对其中涉及的热源模型,粉末模型,力学模型以及微观结构模型进行了介绍,讨论了其特点和适用性;结合相关技术领域的发展,探讨了激光增材制造数值仿真技术的发展方向,旨在为本领域的技术研究与发展提供参考。     

A data-driven approach to modeling high-density terminal areas: A scenario analysis of the new Beijing,China airspace

Airports are being developed and expanded rapidly in China to accommodate and pro-mote a growing aviation market. The future Beijing Daxing International Airport (DAX) will serve as the central airport of the JingJinJi megaregion, knitting the Beijing, Tianjin, and Hebei regions together. DAX will be a busy airport from its inception, relieving congestion and accommodating growth from Beijing Capital International Airport (PEK), currently the second busiest airport in the world in passengers moved. We aim to model terminal airspace designs and possible conflicts in the future Beijing Multi-Airport System (MAS). We investigate standard arrival procedures and mathematically model current and future arrival trajectories into PEK and DAX by collecting large quantities of publicly available track data from historical arrivals operating within the Beijing terminal airspace. We find that (1) trajectory models constructed from real data capture aberrations and deviations from standard arrival procedures, validating the need to incorporate data on histor-ical trajectories with standard procedures when evaluating the airspace and (2) given all existing constraints, DAX may be restricted to using north and east arrival flows, constraining the capacity required to handle the increases in air traffic demand to Beijing. The results indicate that the termi-nal airspace above Beijing, and the future JingJinJi region, requires careful consideration if the full capacity benefits of the two major airports are to be realized.