Plastic deformation analysis and forming quality prediction of tube NC bending

Plane strain assumption and exponent hardening law are used to investigate the plastic deformation in tube bending. Some theoretical formulae including stress, curvature radius of neu-tral layer, angle of neutral layer deviation, bending moment, wall thickness variation and cross-section distortion, are developed to explain the phenomena in tube bending and their magnitudes are also determined. During unloading process, the springback angle is deduced using the virtual work principle, and springback radius is also given according to the length of the neutral layer which remains unchanged before and after springback. The theoretical formulae are validated by the experimental results or the validated simulation results in literature, which can be used to quickly predict the forming quality of tube numerical control (NC) bending.     

三自由度3-CS并联平台机构的运动学分析

首先介绍了一种新型的并联机构--三自由度 3-CS并联平台机构的模型。应用螺旋理论分析了该机构的瞬时运动。同时对该机构进行了运动学分析 :给出了操作平台的输出运动参数的 3个运动约束方程和3个独立输出运动参数与 3个独立运动输入参数之间的一阶速度影响系数矩阵,最后给出了求解机构位置正、反解的计算方法。     

低速风洞动态试验的高速并联机构设计及动力学分析

为模拟飞行器多自由度(DOF)风洞试验,设计并制造了一种用于低速风洞试验的高速并联六自由度机构,综合分析需求和机构的约束条件,确定机构的结构参数,并分析和总结了该机构的特点。使用ANSYS软件计算系统的固有频率,得到系统极限位置的振动响应。利用ADAMS软件对机构进行柔性动力学仿真,模拟机构在高速运动时紧急制动的动力特征,比较分析刚性和柔性制动的冲击载荷,总结出机构高速制动的特点,所分析结果在机构的设计和实际应用中具有重要的意义。实际运行表明:并联机构可实现单自由度和多自由度耦合运动,具有大工作空间(振幅可达30°/500mm)、高运动精度(达0.05°/0.5mm)和高速(达5m/s)等特点,并具有较高的运动性能,满足风洞试验要求。     

大型深空测控天线副反射面控制技术

针对大口径、高频段深空测控天线主/副反射面变形引起的天线电性能下降问题,采用副反射面控制技术实现天线的电性能补偿。首先,在分析并联机构数学模型的基础上,结合并联机构坐标系定义,给出六自由度并联机构位姿的正、逆解;其次,根据变形后天线形状采用抛物面拟合法给出副反射面位姿与仰角的关系,这样在天线实时运动过程中,可根据仰角查找出副反射面位姿最佳工作点;最后通过六自由度并联机构正、逆解及控制算法控制副反射面到最佳位置和姿态上。理论分析和工程实践表明,副反射面控制技术通过控制副反射面中心到最佳焦点位姿上,可实现对天线电性能的有效补偿。六自由度并联机构控制具有自身承载力强,位置、姿态控制灵活等特点,适合于大型天线副反射面实时精密控制。     

风洞虚拟飞行模型机与原型机动力学特性分析

在低速风洞虚拟飞行试验系统中,采用三自由度（3-DOF）球铰支撑动力学相似缩比飞机模型,在气动力矩作用下试验模型可绕质心自由转动。这种带约束的运动与具有六自由度（6-DOF）的真实大气飞行存在差别,鉴于此,对各影响因素逐个剖离并进行了数值模拟和对比分析。结果表明：位移约束使两者间的动力学特性产生较明显的差异,缩比的影响符合相似准则规律,机构摩擦、模型重心与支撑点不重合影响较小,常值干扰力矩对模型的初始响应有一定影响。对比分析结果可以用于指导风洞虚拟飞行试验的开展,并有助于完善风洞虚拟飞行试验技术及其拓展应用。     

Plastic wrinkling model and characteristics of shear enforced Ti-alloy thin-walled tubes under combination die constraints and differential temperature fields

Plastic wrinkling predictions and shear enforced wrinkling characteristics of Ti-alloy thin-walled tubes under combination die constraints have become key problems urgently in need of solutions in order to improve forming quality in their shear bending processes under differential temperature fields. To address this, a wrinkling wave function was developed by considering their shear bend deformation characteristics. Based on this wave function and the thin shell theory, an energy prediction model for this type of wrinkling was established. This model enables considera-tion of the effects of shear deformation zone ranges, material parameters, loading modes, and fric-tion coefficients between tube and dies on the minimum wrinkling energy. Tube wrinkling sensitive zones (WSZs) can be revealed by combining this wrinkling prediction model with a thermal-mechanical coupled finite element model for simulating these bending processes. The reliability of this wrinkling prediction model was verified, and an investigation into the tube wrinkling char-acteristics was carried out based on the experimental conditions. This found that the WSZs are located on either a single side or both sides of the maximum shear stress zone. When the friction coefficients between the tube and the various dies coincide, the WSZs are located on both sides. The larger the value of the tube inner corner radius and/or the smaller the value of the outer corner radius, the smaller the wrinkling probability. With an increase in the value of the moving die dis-placement, the wrinkling probability increases at first, and then decreases.     

Deformation Behavior of Medium-strength TA18 High-pressure Tubes During NC Bending with Different Bending Radii

To improve the forming quality and forming limit of the numerical control (NC) bending of high-pressure titanium alloy tubes, in this study, using three-dimensional (3D) finite element method, deformation behavior of medium-strength TA18 high-pressure tubes during NC bending with different bending radii is investigated. The results show that the cross-sectional deformation and the wall thickness variation during NC bending of TA18 tubes using a small bending radius (less than 2 times of tube outside diameter) are clearly different from that using a normal bending radius (between 2 and 4 times of tube outside diameter). For bending with a normal bending radius, with or without a mandrel, the distribution of the flattening in the bending area resembles a platform and an asymmetric parabola, respectively. For bending with a small bending radius, with or without a mandrel, the flattening both distributes like a parabola, but the former has a stable peak which deflects toward the initial bending section, and the latter has a more pronounced peak with a bending angle and deflects slightly toward the bending section. The wall thickness variations with a normal bending radius, with and without a mandrel, both resemble a platform when the bending angle exceeds a certain angle. For the bending with a small radius, the distribution of the wall thickness variation without a mandrel follows an approximate parabola which increases in value as the bending angle increases. If a mandrel is used, the thickening ratio increases from the initial bending section to the bending section.     

民用飞机管路件弯曲工艺分析

运用有限元数值模拟方法来模拟工艺过程、指导工艺试验、辅助工艺参数选择是有效提高设计效率的重要途径。采用有限元法对Ti-3Al-2.5V导管弯曲这一典型导管制造工艺进行了过程分析,为合理选取导管弯曲半径和弯曲角度提供依据,也为在导管弯曲工艺设计中引入有限元数值分析方法提供借鉴。     

捕获轨迹系统并联机构地面标定方法

捕获轨迹系统（CTS）是一种先进的预测外挂物投放轨迹的试验系统，普遍采用六自由度（6-DoF）串联机构作为其运动机构，串联机构因惯性力大和关节累积误差大使其定位精准度不足。相比串联机构，并联机构具有惯性力小和关节误差不累积等优点。采用6-PTRT并联机构作为CTS试验系统的六自由度运动机构，在空间受限的风洞环境中对CTS并联机构进行地面标定：提出动平台位姿的测量和计算方法，建立包含直线驱动平台安装夹角修正的标定模型，并基于非线性最小二乘法辨识结构参数。辨识后CTS并联机构的位移定位准度优于0.1 mm，姿态定位准度优于0.05°，最后以CTS并联机构和常规攻角机构进行8#标模的对比风洞试验。风洞试验结果表明，CTS并联机构的风载定位准度满足测力试验精准度要求。     

Geometric error analysis of an over-constrained parallel tracking mechanism using the screw theory

This paper deals with geometric error modeling and sensitivity analysis of an overconstrained parallel tracking mechanism. The main contribution is the consideration of overconstrained features that are usually ignored in previous research. The reciprocal property between a motion and a force is applied to tackle this problem in the framework of the screw theory. First of all, a nominal kinematic model of the parallel tracking mechanism is formulated. On this basis, the actual twist of the moving platform is computed through the superposition of the joint twist and geometric errors. The actuation and constrained wrenches of each limb are applied to exclude the joint displacement. After eliminating repeated errors brought by the multiplication of wrenches, a geometric error model of the parallel tracking mechanism is built. Furthermore,two sensitivity indices are defined to select essential geometric errors for future kinematic calibration. Finally, the geometric error model with minimum geometric errors is verified by simulation with SolidWorks software. Two typical poses of the parallel tracking mechanism are selected, and the differences between simulation and calculation results are very small. The results confirm the correctness and accuracy of the geometric error modeling method for over-constrained parallel mechanisms.     

引入材料参数的弯管中性层偏移解析模型

中性层偏移是表征管材弯曲内外侧不均匀变形程度的关键参数。基于弯管截面力矩平衡条件,建立了引入材料参数的管材弯曲变形中性层偏移解析模型,针对管材数控绕弯和压弯过程对所建模型从多个方面进行了评估,研究了不同几何和材料等管材本征参数下的管材弯曲中性层偏移规律。结果表明:应用于TA18钛管数控绕弯,发现所建解析模型与已有解析方法预测精度相当,但能考虑材料参数影响,且相较于有限元模拟,本文解析模型更接近实验结果;应用于A6063铝合金管和AZ31镁合金管压弯过程,并与Hasegawa解析方法相较,发现本文解析模型能够准确预测拉压不对称对压弯中性层偏移的影响;弯曲半径减小,弯管直径增大,中性层向弯曲内侧移动;拉压屈服强度比减小,厚向异性指数增大,中性层向弯曲内侧移动。     

某型无人机系统涡轮阻尼器的性能仿真

涡轮阻尼器作为制动装置应用于某型无人机气液压发射系统和拦阻网回收系统.建立了阻尼器的阻尼力矩数学模型,并进行仿真计算和数值分析.结果表明:转子半径、流体介质密度对阻尼力矩的影响起主导作用;定子半径、转子叶片与定子叶片轴向间隙、流体介质动力黏度对阻尼力矩的影响相对较小.采用具有不同结构尺寸和不同流体介质的阻尼器进行阻尼力矩的测量试验,研究结果表明仿真结果与试验结果表现出较好的一致性,证明了阻尼力矩数学模型的正确性,为涡轮阻尼器的工程研制提供可靠的理论依据.      

A Study on Multi-defect Constrained Bendability of Thin-walled Tube NC Bending Under Different Clearance

Thin-walled tube numerical control (NC) bending is a tri-nonlinear physical process with multi-defect and multi-die constraints. The clearance on each contact interface is the major factor to indicate the contact conditions. A three-dimensional-finite element (3D-FE) model is established to consider the realistic dynamic boundary conditions of multiple dies under ABAQUS/Explicit platform. Combined with experiment, numerical study on bending behavior and bendability under different clearance between tube and various dies is conducted in terms of wrinkling, wall thinning and cross section deformation. The results show that (1)with smaller clearance of tube-wiper die and tube-mandrel, the wrinkling can be restrained while the wall thinning It and cross-section deformation Id increase; while excessive small clearance blocks tube materials to flow past tangent point and causes piles up, the onset of wrinkling enhances It and Id. (2)Both It and Id decrease with smaller clearance of tube-pressure die; the wrinkling possibility rises with larger clearance on this interface if the mandrel’s freedom along Y-axis is opened; smaller clearance of tube-bend die prevents wrinkling while increases It, and the clearance on this interface has little effect on Id. (3)A modified Yoshida buckling test (YBT) is used to address the wrinkling mechanisms under normal constraints in tube bending: the smaller clearance may restrain wrinkling efficiently; the smaller wall thickness, the less critical clearance needed; the critical clearance for tube bending 38 mm×1 mm×57 mm (tube outer diameter×wall thickness×centerline bending radius) equals about 20% of initial wall thickness.     

轻型飞行模拟器座舱中飞行员头部运动范围的求解

在轻型模拟器中,为获得头盔伺服系统有效的预测范围以及实现对其六自由度并联机构的结构优化,需要明确飞行员在进行飞行操作时的头部运动范围。本文在对影响头部运动的身体部位及关节的分析基础上,建立人体躯干至头部的结构模型。根据串联机器人运动学正解方法计算头部运动范围。仿真结果表明,求解得到的头部运动范围是符合人体运动规律的。同...     

TA18管材三辊冷轧三维有限元模拟

应用有限元软件Msc.Marc对TA18管坯三辊冷轧过程进行了三雏有限元模拟.获得了三辊冷轧管过程中瞬时变形区接触规律、坯料质点在轧制过程中的运动轨迹、摩擦力和剪应力的周向分布以及金属管坯从进入变形区到出变形区各阶段的变形规律.     

Lift performance enhancement for flapping airfoils by considering surging motion

The flapping motion has a great impact on the aerodynamic performance of flapping wings. In this paper, a surging motion is added to an airfoil performing pitching-plunging combined motion to figure out how it influences the lift performance and flow pattern of flapping airfoils. Firstly, the numerical methods are validated by a NACA0012 airfoil pitching case and a NACA0012 airfoil plunging case. Then, the E377m airfoil which has typical geometric characteristics of the bird-like airfoil is selected as the calculation model to study how phase differences φ₁ between surging motion and plunging motion affect the aerodynamic performance of flapping airfoils. The results show that the airfoil with surging motion has comprehensively better lift performance and thrust performance than the airfoil without surging motion when 15°< φ₁ < 90°. It is demonstrated that surging motion has a powerful ability to improve the aerodynamic performance of flapping airfoil by adjusting φ₁. Finally, to further explore how flapping airfoil improves lift performance by considering surging motion, the flapping motions of E377m airfoil with the highest lift coefficient and lift efficiency are obtained through trajectory optimization. The surging motion is removed in the highest lift case and highest lift efficiency case respectively, and the mechanism that surging motion adjusts the aerodynamic force is analyzed in detail by comparing the vortex structure and kinematic parameters. The results of this paper help reveal the aerodynamic mechanism of bird flight and guide the design of Flapping wing Micro Air Vehicles (FMAV).     

基于头部运动要求的六自由度头盔伺服系统尺寸优化设计及其方法

以头部运动特性为设计要求,对六自由度头盔伺服系统的尺寸优化设计及其方法进行了研究.通过实验数据分析,总结了飞行学员训练过程中头部的运动特性.将运动特性分为两类——必备指标和可选指标,并以此为设计性能要求,定义了头盔伺服系统各运动特性指标的目标函数,并结合非线性最小二乘法的原理,建立了优化问题的数学模型.提出了一种基于C...     

可视化仿真在六自由度运动平台设计中的应用

在传统的六自由度运动平台的设计过程中,机械设计人员很难直观、准确地确定各个机械零部件的极限运动范围以防止发生机械干涉.为了解决这一问题,运用VRML - Java技术,基于运动学反解以及机械实体的静态、动态装配约束关系,建立六自由度电动运动平台的可视化仿真模型,利用该模型对其运动状态(包括极限位姿)进行可视化仿真,通过...     

对抗性智能空战目标机设计与实现

针对目前对抗性空战仿真的需要,将对抗性智能空战目标机分解为目标机决策仿真和目标机实体仿真两部分进行设计。以条件触发的动作链实现目标机对空战战法的执行,结合三自由度飞机运动方程、运动学方程和机载设备模型实现对目标机的实体仿真。