GH4169孔挤压强化工艺过程数值模拟

在验证镍基高温合金GH4169中心孔挤压(CE)三维有限元模型正确性的基础上,利用单元删除法研究倒角、孔挤压-倒角顺序和铰削量3种具体工艺过程对孔边周向残余应力分布的影响。结果表明:孔边小于芯棒过盈量的初始倒角可以减小孔挤压后残余压应力;采用孔挤压-倒角的工艺顺序可以在孔边获得更小的残余压应力。铰孔可增大孔边入口处残余压应力,去除残余压应力极小值部分的材料。因此,在挤压强化后应尽量避免铰孔。     

7085铝合金残余应力及加工变形的数值仿真与试验

毛坯残余应力的测量以及零件的加工变形分析是航空整体结构件数控加工工艺研究的难题。应用MSC.Marc软件对某型飞机主起支撑接头的7085铝合金锻件毛坯的淬火-压缩工艺进行了数值仿真,获得了毛坯残余应力分布趋势;应用X射线衍射法与钻孔法测量了毛坯表层残余应力分布,提出了基于系数修正法的毛坯残余应力分析方法,通过最小二乘法（LSM）拟合仿真值与试验值以获得应力修正系数,并对毛坯残余应力分布的仿真结果进行修正,获得了实际毛坯的残余应力分布;由此进行了主起支撑接头缩比零件加工变形仿真与验证试验。研究结果表明：7085铝合金块状毛坯残余应力数值仿真结果与测试结果的趋势吻合,为应力修正提供了物理基础;相对于未修正的应力分布,基于修正后的应力分布仿真获得的变形结果精度提高了50%;7085-T7452铝合金的毛坯残余应力是导致主起支撑接头加工变形的主要因素。     

孔挤压强化残余应力场的三维有限元模拟和实验研究

运用有限元软件ANSYS建立了孔挤压强化残余应力场的三维有限元模型,模拟计算了不同厚度7050-T7451铝合金构件孔挤压强化的三维残余应力场分布.模拟结果表明,孔边残余应力沿厚度方向呈梯度分布,人口残余压应力最小,是易于产生裂纹的部位;入口残余压应力随构件厚度增加而增大,达到最大值后,随厚度增加而减小并逐渐趋于稳定值...     

铝合金厚板淬火残余应力的有限元模拟及其对加工变形的影响

航空整体结构件在加工过程中容易发生较大变形。为了研究毛坯的初始残余应力对整体结构件加工变形的影响,采用准耦合方法,利用有限元软件ABAQUS模拟7075铝合金毛坯的淬火过程,研究该过程中温度的变化和残余应力的分布规律,并在含有淬火残余应力的毛坯上进行材料去除模拟。结果表明,模拟产生的比例件的变形与实际加工的比例件的变形非常近似,从而证明了毛坯的初始残余应力是引起整体结构件加工变形的主要因素,同时验证了准耦合淬火模拟的有效性。     

航空高强度铝合金残余应力的抑制与消除

从残余应力的产生和释放两个方面 ,讨论了抑制与消除铝合金中残余应力的若干技术与方法。首先 ,从尽量减少残余应力的产生又兼顾获得所需机械性能的角度 ,分析了采用热水淬火、喷雾淬火及有机介质淬火等淬火工艺。其次讨论了消除铝合金中残余应力的若干技术方法的特点、效果与适用场合 ,并指出在铝合金结构件淬火后的不稳定状态进行残余应力消除处理效果最佳     

超声喷丸与传统喷丸对TC4 钛合金残余应力影响的仿真分析

为了预测喷丸TC4钛合金试件的残余压应力层深度及值的分布和冲击面凹坑的直径、深度特征曲线及表面形貌的变化,采用ABAQUS/Explicit软件建立2个3D模型。通过超声喷丸与传统喷丸2种工艺过程数值仿真对比了表面残余应力场差异,分析了TC4钛合金弹丸直径、速度和冲击次数等喷丸参数对残余应力分布的影响。结果表明:当动能相同时,2种强化过程表面所产生的残余压应力是可比较的,超声喷丸模型亚表层残余应力深度为0.16 mm,约为传统喷丸模型深度的2倍;传统喷丸产生的残余压应力最大值约-800 MPa,约为超声喷丸的1.6倍。与传统喷丸相比,超声喷丸具有较低的表面粗糙度以及较深的残余压应力层。残余压应力层深度与弹丸直径呈正相关,但过大的弹丸尺寸会引起薄壁件另一侧残余拉应力区域的增大。     

含涂层空心球复合泡沫塑料的黏弹性热应力分析

针对含涂层空心微球的复合泡沫塑料,利用三参数标准线性固体模型和黏-弹性对应原理得到了材料由于温度改变而产生的残余热应力,研究了涂层厚度、体分比和时间等因素对残余热应力的影响。结果表明:随着时间的增加,由温度改变而引起的材料内部的残余热应力将逐渐减小,且涂层厚度和涂层空心微球体分比的减小会使残余热应力增加。此外,沿半径方向热应力在微球内逐渐增加,在涂层和基体中则逐渐减小,在涂层与空心微球的交界处达到最大值。     

Effect of assisted transverse magnetic field on distortion behavior of thin-walled components in WEDM process

Machining performance of thin-walled components made by aeronautical difficult-toprocess materials is a significant issue in the aviation manufacturing industry. Although wire electric discharge machining-low speed(WEDM-LS) is one of typical non-contact machining processes without macro cutting force, which does well in removing hardness and brittleness materials via pulsed discharge at high temperature, but few researchers have studied the thermal distortion behavior leading to a considerable g...     

旋转固体火箭发动机喷管热结构分析

以某固体火箭发动机喷管为例,研究其旋转情况下的流动、传热及热结构响应性能。利用雷诺应力湍流模型,结合增强型壁面函数,求解N-S方程。以喷管内壁面温度分布为边界条件,求解二维轴对称瞬态热传导方程。将瞬态温度场按时间步长加载,进行瞬态静力学分析,得到不同转速下的流场、温度场及应力场。结果表明,喷管在旋转情况下,喷管内壁面尤其是喉部及扩张段温度分布在转速为100 r/min及600 r/min左右时变化剧烈;旋转内流场与喷管结构的耦合作用加剧了喷管的传热,尤其是喉衬的烧蚀,特征点温度值随转速增大而升高;最大热应力位于喷管最外层尾端,整体热应力在转速低于100 r/min时得到释放,随着转速的不断增大,喷管整体最大热应力及扩张段特征点应力随之增大,而喉衬特征点由于旋转导致了温度梯度降低,其应力值随之减小。     

残余应力重分布引起的薄壁零件加工变形研究

现代航空工业中为减轻飞机重量,提高飞机的各项机械性能,整体构件越来越多地被使用。加工大型整体薄壁构件时,有90％以上的材料被切削加工去除,由于材料去除后零件刚度的降低以及应力的释放,造成过大的加工变形。本文用MSC．Marc有限元软件仿真了铝合金预拉伸板材料去除对于加工变形的影响,并分析了加工变形的成因。为验证有限元结果的正确性,在高速数控铣床上加工了同样的试件。结果表明仿真结果与实验结果一致,残余应力的释放与重分布是薄壁零件加工变形的主要原因。     

超声冲击残余应力场的有限元模拟

建立模拟超声冲击残余应力场的三维有限元模型,预测AISI 304奥氏体不锈钢靶材经超声冲击后的残余应力场分布.模拟过程中,分析冲击速度、针头直径、冲击时间、摩擦力、冲击次数以及不同覆盖率等因素对超声冲击残余应力场分布影响的规律.结果表明,冲击速度、针头大小、冲击时间及摩擦力都会影响到最终冲击残余应力场.冲击速度和针头直径对残余应力场分布影响显著,速度提高或直径变大,均可明显提高残余压应力值,且增加残余压应力层深度,但摩擦系数对冲击效果的影响不大.随着冲击次数的增加,超声冲击强化特征明显,残余压应力层深度增加.随着覆盖率的增加,残余压应力层增厚,但形成的最大残余压应力值减小.     

表面深滚处理对纯镍组织性能及残余应力分布的影响

通过一种新型表面自纳米化方法———表面深滚处理,在纯镍（N4）表面制备出晶粒尺寸小于500nm 的梯度超细晶结构,并对材料次表面微观组织结构、残余应力分布及力学性能进行了研究。结果表明：N4经过表面深滚处理,表面形成织构;由于剧烈塑性变形,位错大量产生,并出现胞状组织和高密度位错墙,这些组织经过演化形成超细晶,并在表面形成具有一定厚度的残余压应力场;与原始材料相比,经过表面深滚处理后表面组织硬度提高近一倍;通过合理选择滚压参数,其细化层厚度、硬度、表面粗糙度及残余应力分布均得到不同程度改善。     

Energy principle and material removal sequence optimization method in machining of aircraft monolithic parts

In the machining process of aircraft monolithic parts, the initial residual stress redistribution and structural stiffness evolution often lead to unexpected distortions. On the other hand, the stress redistribution and stiffness reduction during the machining process depend on the material removal sequence. The essence of the stress redistribution is releasing the initial elastic strain energy. In the present study, the influence of the material removal sequence on the energy release is studied. Moreover, a novel optimization method is proposed for the material removal sequence. In order to evaluate the performance of the proposed method, the mechanism of the machining distortion is firstly analyzed based on the energy principle. Then a calculative model for the machining distortion of long beam parts is established accordingly. Moreover, an energy parameter related to the bending distortion and the procedure of the material removal sequence optimization is defined. Finally, the bending distortion analysis and material removal sequence optimization are performed on a long beam with a Z-shaped cross-section. Furthermore, simulation and experiments are carried out. The obtained results indicate that the optimized sequence results in a low distortion fluctuation and decreases the bending distortion.     

航空发动机TC4机匣加工变形控制研究

航空发动机机匣零件的设计采用整体化、轻量化设计思想,使得结构复杂、规格尺寸大、薄壁特征多,而设计精度要求却在逐渐提高,机匣件加工后产生的变形问题尤显突出。探讨了薄壁结构机匣零件加工变形产生机理,提出分区去除余量控制加工变形的方法。使用Prism电子斑纹干涉钻孔残余应力仪测量了钛合金TC4机匣毛坯表层深度残余应力,通过有限元仿真结果预测出机匣毛坯内部残余应力分布规律。建立了机匣切削加工的有限元仿真模型并进行数值仿真,对两种工艺路线下的变形进行对比分析。最后,通过机匣的切削加工试验验证了仿真结果的正确性。     

Numerical Investigation of Inlet Distortion on an Axial Flow Compressor Rotor with Circumferential Groove Casing Treatment

On the base of an assumed steady inlet circumferential total pressure distortion, three-dimensional time-dependent numerical simulations are conducted on an axial flow subsonic compressor rotor. The performances and flow fields of a compressor rotor, either casing treated or untreated, are investigated in detail either with or without inlet pressure distortion. Results show that the circumferential groove casing treatment can expand the operating range of the compressor rotor either with or without inlet pressure distortion at the expense of a drop in peak isentropic efficiency. The casing treatment is capable of weakening or even removing the tip leakage vortex effectively either with or without inlet distortion. In clean inlet circumstances, the enhancement and forward movement of tip leakage vortex cause the untreated compressor rotor to stall. By contrast, with circumferential groove casing, the serious flow separation on the suction surface leads to aerodynamic stalling eventually. In the presence of inlet pressure distortion, the blade loading changes from passage to passage as the distorted inflow sector is traversed. Similar to the clean inlet circumstances, with a smooth wall casing, the enhancement and forward movement of tip leakage vortex are still the main factors which lead to the compressor rotor stalling eventually. When the rotor works trader near stall conditions, the blockage resulting from the tip leakage vortex in all the passages is very serious. Especially in several passages, flow-spillage is observed. Compared to the clean inlet circumstances, circumferential groove casing treatment can also eliminate the low energy zone in the outer end wall region effectively.     

进口流场畸变对回流燃烧室出口温度分布的影响

为研究回流燃烧室进口气流流场畸变对出口温度分布的影响,根据压气机出口速度分布对径向和周向畸变速度分布模拟器分别进行了设计,利用数值模拟方法验证了速度分布畸变符合设计要求,并且在三头部矩形回流模型燃烧室上进行出口温度分布试验验证.试验结果表明,进口气流径向畸变和周向畸变都会使出口温度分布不均匀,出口温度分布系数(OTDF)显著提高,且周向畸变时的影响更明显.从温度分布云图及平均径向温度分布系数(RTDF)曲线图可以看出,径向畸变和周向畸变均会使燃烧室出口截面上部产生锯齿状的温度波动并呈现周期性的变化趋势,更加不均匀.      

真实爆震载荷作用下爆震室动态响应分析与壁厚优化

针对一内径为60mm的爆震室,建立其有限元模型并通过加载实验获取真实爆震载荷,计算分析了多循环工作条件下不同因素对爆震室等效应力的影响,并以此为基础对等壁厚爆震室进行了壁厚优化.研究发现:爆震室后段的等效应力峰值较前段平均高出20MPa;温度因素对爆震室等效应变影响显著,30Hz时最大等效应变较不考虑温度场情况增加51.2%;与材料、温度因素相比,爆震室壁厚对等效应力影响较大,室温条件下,壁厚为0.95mm时,最大等效应力达200MPa,已经基本达到材料的屈服应力极限(205MPa);通过更换模型材料进行计算对比发现,选择具有较高屈服应力极限、弹性模量和较低密度的材料会降低爆震室工作时的等效应力.      

单边缺口拉伸试样喷丸强化残余应力及其三维应力强度因子分析

采用有限元计算软件ABAQUS/Explicit建立40Cr钢单边缺口拉伸(SENT)试样喷丸强化的三维有限元模型,分析各喷丸参数与强化后残余应力场的关系。用三维裂纹权函数法求解了三维表面裂纹在喷丸残余应力场下的应力强度因子,并分析各喷丸参数对残余压缩应力强度因子K_res的影响。计算结果表明:当裂纹尺寸较小时,表面残余压缩应力越大,残余压缩应力强度因子绝对值-K_res越大;随着裂纹尺寸的增加,残余压应力层越深,-K_res最大值的发生位置也越深;当裂纹达到一定尺寸时,-K_res受残余压应力场深度变化规律的影响,即残余压应力场的深度越大,-K_res越大。     

Deformation behaviors of four-layered U-shaped metallic bellows in hydroforming

Because of the complex constraint effects among layers in multi-layered metallic bellows hydroforming, the stress concentration and defects such as wrinkling and fracture may easily occur. It is a key to reveal the deformation behaviors in order to obtain a sound product. Based on the ABAQUS platform, a 3D-FE model of the four-layered U-shaped metallic bellow hydroforming process is established and validated by experiment. The stress and strain distributions, wall thickness variations and bellow profiles of each layer in the whole process, including bulging, folding and springback stages, are studied. Then deformation behaviors of bellows under different forming conditions are discussed. It is found that the wall thinning degrees of different layer vary after hydroforming, and is the largest for the inner layer and smallest for the outer layer. At folding stage, the wall thinning degree of the crown point increases lineally, and the difference among layers increases as the process going. The displacements of the crown point decrease from the inner layer to the outer layer. After springback, the U-shaped cross section changes to a tongue shape, the change of convolution pitch is much larger than the change of convolution height, and the springback values of the inner layer are smaller than the outer layer. An increase in the internal pressure and die spacing cause the maximum wall thinning degree and springback increase. With changing of process parameters, bellows with deep convolution are easily encountered wall thinning during hydroforming and convolution distortion after springback. This research is helpful for precision forming of multi-layered bellows.     

冷挤压强化对GH4169合金孔结构室温低循环疲劳寿命影响

对GH4169合金中心孔板材试样进行冷挤压强化,测试了挤压前后GH4169中心孔板材试样在663 MPa/20℃条件下的低循环疲劳寿命;分别采用扫描电镜、X射线衍射残余应力仪、表面轮廓仪分析了疲劳断口、疲劳过程中残余应力场的演化以及表面形貌。结果表明:冷挤压强化后孔结构的疲劳寿命提高为原始试样的2.6倍。冷挤压强化对孔壁的强化效果使得冷挤压试样疲劳源萌生于倒角处单源,而原始试样萌生于孔壁多源。经过50000周次疲劳实验,冷挤压强化残余压应力有所松弛,但进口端与出口端的表面残余应力分别保持了55%和75%。冷挤压后孔壁表面粗糙度R_a由0.354μm减小到0.297μm。