大气层内模型预测静态规划拦截中制导

在临近空间机动目标拦截中,拦截器的初始动力段对中制导段乃至末端拦截性能具有重要影响。在模型预测静态规划（MPSP）理论基础上提出了一种初、中制导联合规划制导方法,旨在解决多阶段、快速、最优拦截轨迹规划和制导问题。首先,提出了一种改进的模型预测静态规划方法,该方法不仅可以满足终端约束,还可以生成最优初始状态,并在性能指标中考虑状态变量相关函数。其次,基于等效阻力模型建立了包含动力段与非动力段的两段规划模型,通过采用分段离散以及构建关机点变分关系的方法,避免了内点约束的引入,使MPSP算法可直接求解该两段规划问题。最后,结合提出的MPSP算法以及两段规划模型,实现了终端速度最优的拦截轨迹规划,结合目标预测方法,实现了对机动目标的预测拦截。仿真结果表明,本文方法可提高制导精度和终端速度,且能更好满足对机动目标的拦截需求。     

基于深度学习的突防控制博弈对象匹配方法CSCD

针对基于博弈理论设计应对多枚拦截弹的协同突防控制方案时需要确定博弈对象的问题,提出了一种基于长短时记忆(LSTM)网络的拦截弹攻击对象匹配方法。基于传统防空导弹飞行时序与流程构建拦截弹飞行轨迹库,以轨迹库为训练样本对LSTM网络进行训练,并以此为基础构建航迹预测模型与对象匹配模型,实现对拦截弹攻击对象的识别。仿真结果表明,该方法能够有效识别拦截弹拦截目标,为后续的巡航弹突防研究提供支撑。     

基于自适应IMM的高超声速飞行器轨迹预测

为了给基于预测命中点法的高超声速飞行器中制导拦截提供先验知识,提出高超声速飞行器的轨迹预测方法。首先,给出高超声速环境下与目标姿态近似线性的气动参数;其次,针对气动参数作控制量的运动模型,设计自适应交互多模型（IMM）跟踪算法,并进行性能有效性验证;然后,根据气动参数特性和目标假设机动方式,设计基于最小二乘拟合的轨迹预测方法。通过对目标轨迹进行跟踪和预测仿真,预测100 s的位置误差均小于5 km,速度误差均小于100 m/s,结果表明基于自适应IMM的轨迹预测方法对有规律机动的目标进行轨迹预测,效果良好。     

Analysis of optimal initial glide conditions for hypersonic glide vehicles

Hypersonic glide vehicles （HGVs） are launched by a solid booster and glide through the atmosphere at high speeds. HGVs will be important means for rapid long-range delivery in the future. Given that the glide is unpowered, the initial glide conditions （IGCs） are crucial for flight. This paper aims to find the optimal IGCs to improve the maneuverability and decrease the con- straints of HGVs. By considering the IGCs as experiment factors, we design an orthogonal table with three factors that have five levels each by using the orthogonal experimental design method. Thereafter, we apply the Gauss pseudospectral method to perform glide trajectory optimization by using each test of the orthogonal table as the initial condition. Based on the analytic hierarchy process, an integrated indicator is established to evaluate the IGCs, which synthesizes the indexes of the maneuverability and constraints. The integrated indicator is calculated from the trajectory opti- mization results. Finally, optimal IGCs and valuable conclusions are obtained by using range anal- ysis, variance analysis, and regression analysis on the integrated indicator.     

圆弧预测变系数显式拦截中制导

为了满足临近空间机动目标拦截中制导预测和多约束要求,设计了一种基于圆弧预测的变系数显式拦截中制导方法。首先针对临近空间目标滑翔段飞行特性,提出了基于圆弧的几何目标预测方法,将目标机动轨迹近似为圆弧,通过多个间隔时刻的目标位置确定圆弧参数,依据圆弧预测轨迹估计剩余飞行时间,并以当前速度递推预测拦截点状态,进而推导了三维角约束显式制导律。在此基础上,通过在性能指标中构建动压权重函数,以飞行动压近似可用过载变化,设计了变系数显式制导律,实现了制导增益的自适应更新,从而可以使得需用过载在飞行全程中合理分配,满足可用过载约束。最后结合圆弧预测和变系数显式制导,实现了对机动目标的预测拦截。仿真结果表明所提方法具有较好的目标预测精度,而且可以满足终端交会角以及可用过载约束。     

Obstacle avoidance for multi-missile network via distributed coordination algorithm

A distributed coordination algorithm is proposed to enhance the engagement of the multi-missile network in consideration of obstacle avoidance. To achieve a cooperative interception,the guidance law is developed in a simple form that consists of three individual components for target capture, time coordination and obstacle avoidance. The distributed coordination algorithm enables a group of interceptor missiles to reach the target simultaneously, even if some member in the multi-missile network can only collect the information from nearest neighbors. The simulation results show that the guidance strategy provides a feasible tool to implement obstacle avoidance for the multi-missile network with satisfactory accuracy of target capture. The effects of the gain parameters are also discussed to evaluate the proposed approach.     

防空导弹任务规划与协同控制技术研究

针对防空导弹拦截群目标的任务需求，提出了多弹协同作战框架。考虑到实际拦截过程中弹目相对速度和角度较大的问题，建立了导弹拦截目标的能力预测模型，以确保分配结果处于导弹攻击能力范围内，并采用了改进的粒子群优化算法进行任务分配。然后为了兼顾协同制导和命中精度的要求，基于弹道成型和偏置比例导引的思想，结合一致性理论，设计了多弹时间/角度协同制导律。最后通过4枚导弹拦截3个目标的典型场景仿真，证明了方案的有效性。     

基于锥形运动的制导火箭速度控制导引律设计

针对制导火箭落点速度的约束要求,提出了一种采用锥形运动控制导弹飞行速度的导引方法。该方法首先设计了满足速度约束的虚拟目标理想运动轨迹,将导弹减速控制问题转化为对虚拟目标的追踪导引问题,通过建立制导火箭与虚拟目标的相对运动模型,分析了弹目相对位置和相对速度的关系,推导了具有速度控制的导引律一般形式,并采用动态逆控制理论设计了锥形运动控制指令和导引参数。通过数字仿真对比了不同落角约束条件下导弹锥形运动的速度控制效果,结果表明该方法设计的导引律能够满足制导火箭速度约束要求,且制导精度高、控制效果好,为导弹锥形运动速度控制技术提供了参考。     

Three-dimensional midcourse guidance using neural networks forinterception of ballistic targets

A suboptimal midcourse guidance law is obtained for interception of free-fall targets in the three-dimensional (3D) space. Neural networks are used to approximate the optimal feedback strategy suitable for real-time implementation. The fact that the optimal trajectory in the 3D space does not deviate much from a vertical plane justifies the use of the two-dimensional (2D) neural network method previously studied. To regulate the lateral errors in the missile motion produced by the prediction error of the intercept point, the method of feedback linearization is employed. Computer simulations confirm the superiority of the proposed scheme over linear quadratic regulator guidance and proportional navigation guidance as well as its approximating capability of the optimal trajectory in the 3D space     

A novel cooperative mid-course guidance scheme for multiple intercepting missiles

In the interception engagement,if the target movement information is not accurate enough for the mid-course guidance of intercepting missiles,the interception mission may fail as a result of large handover errors.This paper proposes a novel cooperative mid-course guidance scheme for multiple missiles to intercept a target under the condition of large detection errors.Under this scheme,the launch and interception moments are staggered for different missiles.The earlier launched missiles can obtain a relatively accurate detection to the target during their terminal guidance,based on which the latter missiles are permitted to eliminate the handover error in the mid-course guidance.A significant merit of this scheme is that the available resources are fully exploited and less missiles are needed to achieve the interception mission.To this end,first,the design of cooperative handover parameters is formulated as an optimization problem.Then,an algorithm based on Monte Carlo sampling and stochastic approximation is proposed to solve this optimization problem,and the convergence of the algorithm is proved as well.Finally,simulation experiments are carried out to validate the effectiveness of the proposed cooperative scheme and algorithm.     

基于反预警的反拦截中段规避突防策略

为了充分挖掘多脉冲机动突防的潜力,提高弹道导弹中段机动突防能力,提出一种基于反预警的反拦截中段规避突防策略。首先,分别以脉冲点火点及点火间隔为搜索节点与步长,视敌方拦截系统为威胁源并转化为航迹规划中的约束条件,将多脉冲弹道的设计问题转化成无人机避障航迹的规划问题。然后,在综合考虑敌方探测系统延迟和拦截系统部署及性能的基础上,选取最优的脉冲点火参数。最后,研究了脉冲增量和探测系统延迟对多脉冲规划的影响。仿真结果表明:所提出的突防策略通过多脉冲机动增加敌方预测误差,使其不能收敛与准确预警,当敌方的预测误差收敛且准确预警时,导弹却处于其拦截范围之外,无法进行拦截;能根据获取的最新战场信息,在线下60s内设计出一条多脉冲突防弹道。此外,还能根据任务的需求,提高(降低)导弹的飞行高度、平均飞行速度,缩短(增加)20%~35%的飞行时间。     

三维空间拦截的前置追踪变结构制导律(英文)

This article aims to develop a head pursuit （HP） guidance law for three-dimensional hypervelocity interception, so that the effect of the perturbation induced by seeker detection can be reduced. On the basis of a novel HP three-dimensional guidance model, a nonlinear variable structure guidance law is presented by using Lyapunov stability theory. The guidance law positions the interceptor ahead of the target on its tlight trajectory, and the speed of the interceptor is required to be lower than that of the target, A numerical example of maneuvering ballistic target interception verifies the rightness of the guidance model and the effectiveness of the proposed method.     

一种瞬时圆周加速度制导律设计

为了保证导弹攻击目标的精确性,根据平面弹道的几何特性,设计了一种输出指令为过载的瞬时圆周制导律.描述了瞬时圆周加速度制导律原理,详细推导了制导方程.利用导弹质心和目标质心的位置及速度信息,得出导弹攻击目标的过载制导指令,并进行了弹道仿真.仿真结果表明,所设计的瞬时圆周加速度制导律不仅能够保证导弹准确命中目标,而且弹道平...     

一种利于交班的舰空导弹最优中制导律设计

针对舰空导弹超视距拦截低空飞行目标问题,在复合制导的中制导段,建立了导弹拦截目标的相对运动模型,依据制导平台无线电指令修正信息,考虑舰空导弹拦截低空目标时的飞行速度特性,给出了预测遭遇点的实时解算模型,并确定了利于中末制导交班的中制导终端约束条件。基于拦截预测遭遇点,引入伪控制量的概念,应用线性二次型最优控制理论,设计了一种基于拦截预测遭遇点的利于制导交班的最优中制导律,仿真结果验证了预测遭遇点实时解算模型和最优中制导律的正确性与有效性。     

Impact time control using biased proportional navigation for missiles with varying velocity

A feasible guidance scheme with impact time constraint is proposed for attacking a stationary target by missiles with time-varying velocity. The main idea is to replace the constant velocity with the future mean velocity; therefore, the existing time-to-go estimation algorithm of the proportional navigation guidance law can be improved to adapt to varying conditions. In order to obtain the prediction of the velocity profile, the velocity differential equation to the downrange is derived, which can be numerically integrated between the current downrange and the target position by the on-board computer. Then, a third-order polynomial is introduced to fit the velocity profile in order to calculate the future mean velocity. At the beginning of each guidance loop, the future mean velocity is predicted and the time-to-go information is updated, based on which a novel biased proportional navigation guidance law is established to achieve the impact time constraint. Finally, numerical simulation results verified the effectiveness of the time-to-go estimation algorithm and the proposed law.     

Three-dimensional cooperative guidance strategy and guidance law for intercepting highly maneuvering target

Cooperative interception of the target with strong maneuverability by multiple missiles with weak maneuverability in the three-dimensional nonlinear model is studied. Firstly, the three-dimensional nonlinear model of cooperative guidance is established. The three-dimensional reachable region is represented composed of lateral acceleration and longitudinal acceleration in the two-dimensional coordinate system. Secondly, the problem of the multiple missile's reachable coverage area is transformed into the problem of cooperative coverage. A cooperative coverage strategy is proposed and an algorithm for quickly calculating the number of required missiles is designed. Then, the guidance law based on the cooperative coverage strategy is proposed, and it is proved that cooperative interception of the target can be achieved under the acceleration limit. Moreover, the relations among the number of missiles, the initial array position of terminal guidance and the coverage area of the target’s large maneuver are analyzed. The dynamic adjustment strategy of guidance parameters is proposed to reduce the guidance error. Finally, simulation results show that multiple missiles with low maneuverability can achieve effective interception of target with strong maneuverability through the proposed cooperative strategy and cooperative guidance method.     

标准轨迹制导中准平衡滑翔条件优化研究

对于可重复使用运载器标准轨迹再入制导,准平衡滑翔条件可以将高度-速度平面内各项再入约束形成的飞行走廊,转换为倾侧角-速度空间内的倾侧角走廊.通过在倾侧角走廊内设计倾侧角曲线,可以生成满足飞行走廊的标准轨迹.通过论证标准轨迹再入制导过程中的准平衡滑翔条件及其物理意义,说明了由倾侧角走廊内的倾侧角曲线生成的标准轨迹,存在突破再入飞行走廊边界的可能性.通过对倾侧角走廊边界设置余度,极大地降低了标准轨迹突破再入飞行走廊边界的可能性,提高了标准轨迹的设计成功率.     

考虑禁飞圆的滑翔式机动弹道与气动特性参数耦合设计

 为获得滑翔式再入飞行器最佳气动与弹道机动性能,针对规避禁飞圆的远程滑翔式再入问题提出了一种机动弹道与气动特性参数耦合设计方法。耦合设计外环以气动特性参数为设计变量,基于抛物阻力极线模型提取最大升阻比和对应升力系数为气动特性参数;耦合设计内环以泛化升力系数和侧倾角为设计变量,获得给定升阻特性下能规避禁飞圆且满足再入走廊要求的滑翔式再入轨迹。耦合设计问题以再入驻点总热流最小为优化目标,以再入走廊、终端位置和速度为约束,求解满足弹道机动要求且目标函数最小的最佳气动特性参数。提出了一种规避禁飞圆的侧向几何制导逻辑用于内环轨迹设计。仿真算例得出禁飞圆半径越大,需要的滑翔式再入飞行器最大升阻比越大,且再入轨迹刚好能绕过禁飞圆。仿真结果验证了耦合设计方法和侧向制导逻辑的有效性,该方法可为飞行器方案设计时的气动布局选型等工作提供参考。     

过载约束下的大机动目标协同拦截

研究了非线性拦截几何下具有过载约束的多枚弱机动能力的导弹拦截强机动能力的目标的协同拦截问题。首先，在建立导弹的可达域、导弹的可行域以及目标的逃逸域这3个概念的基础上提出了非线性拦截几何下的基于逃逸域覆盖的协同拦截策略，并提出了基于标准弹道的设计方法。然后，给出了协同拦截制导律的形式，研究了导弹的末制导初始阵位、制导律参数以及导弹对目标机动的覆盖区域这三者间的关系，并设计了数值求解算法来实现对多弹的覆盖区域的分配、协同制导律的设计以及多弹初始拦截阵位的配置。最后，对理论结果进行仿真。结果显示，多枚机动性较小的导弹，通过初始拦截阵位的合理配置和协同拦截制导律的合理设计，可以实现对机动性能较强的目标的协同拦截。     

虚拟多触角探测的高超声速滑翔飞行器再入机动制导

针对高超声速滑翔飞行器再入过程中面对的多约束问题，提出一种基于虚拟多触角探测的路航点规划机动制导策略。该机动制导策略通过飞行器最大转弯轨迹计算速度-剩余地面距离-航向角约束，在分段定点模式中发出多条粗略预测触角，引用触角末端反馈的信息计算优先级以确定临时路航点；同时在机动制导模式中发出精细探测触角，计算触角末端信息优先级，经倾侧角延时滤波器得出控制指令，对飞行器进行机动制导。基于多触角探测的路航点规划机动制导策略，降低了三触角机动制导方法中的计算时间；同时，4种典型禁飞区条件下的仿真结果表明，该策略能够有效稳定地解决机动制导过程中的多约束问题。