金属混合断口的宏观定量分析

本文在分析拉伸试样发生缩颈时的屈服方式的基础上,给出由拉伸数据估算J积分值的近似公式:J=ak(a/b,m)ηI;并给出计算拉伸断口的纤维区尺寸、剪切唇尺寸的粗略的近似公式: 2a/d≈(n 3.87/n~2 7.74n 14.17)ψ 0.05和ψ≈((n′)~2 2n′ 0.3)/(n′ 1)(S/(d/2 0.77)     

n:k(G)/m系统可靠性

带有m个交叉冷贮备部件的“n中取k好”表决系统结构可用于通信/广播卫星的转发器系统。称这种系统结构为n∶k(G)/m系统。本文给出这种系统可靠性的计算公式。文中还给出3∶2(G)/1转发器系统的转换开关设计,它可以实现交叉切换功能。     

对称双曲线翼形剖面柱体圣维纳扭转问题

本文讨论在由z=a/chζ(z=x+iy,ζ=ζ+iη,a为实常数)所定义的曲线坐标中,η=β(β为小於π/2的常数)所围成对称翼形剖面弹性柱体的扭转问题。利用福里衰积分求得了当η/π为小於1/2的任意有理数时应力函数及扭转刚度的有限算式。     

日本近五年空间发射计划

发射日期重量(公斤)远地点/近地点运载工具备注n甘八曰n nU一a lao曰工办qJ QJQ曰gJ卫星名称通信卫星一2 (CS一Zb)广播卫星一2a (BS一Za)静止气象卫星一3 (GmS一3)广播卫星一2b (BS一Zb)海洋观测卫星一1 (MOS一1)科学卫星一9(EXOC,C)1983。8。61984静止N一2CS一Za备份静止N一2)一播卫星19841985静止N一2取代GMS一2静止N一2BS一Za轨道备份1986750太阳同步N一2观测海洋颜色与温度1 9842001000/3000M一35MS一TS科学卫星一10(P lanct一A)科学卫星一n(ASTRO一C)粒子加速器空间实验1 985M一3511 985行星轨道M一35亚观测平流…     

带约束碰撞角的顺/逆轨制导律设计

针对逆轨、顺轨拦截模式,提出了带末端约束碰撞角的ACPN(Angle Control Proportional Navigation)、ACRPN(Angle Control Retro-Proportional Navigation)2种轨迹成型制导律.将线性的比例制导(PN)/负比例制导(RPN)作为标称指令,将碰撞角约束作为反馈指令,以相对加速度建立微分方程,得到了ACPN、ACRPN制导律.ACPN使用正比例系数,逆轨拦截目标;ACRPN使用负比例系数,顺轨拦截目标.与现有的研究结果进行仿真对比:ACPN具有耗费控制力少、末加速度小的优势;ACRPN的控制力、脱靶量、碰撞角误差较逆轨拦截优势明显.此外,分析了拦截高速目标的捕获区域.结果表明,ACPN比偏置比例导引的捕获区域大.当拦截弹的航迹角小于π/2+λ_i时(λ_i为初始视线角),宜采用ACPN(逆轨模式)拦截目标,拦截弹的航迹角大于等于π/2+λ_i时,宜采用ACRPN(顺轨模式)拦截目标.      

Fractal Structure of the Heliospheric Plasma Sheet at the Earth''''s Orbit

An analysis of the data from the Wind and IMP-8 spacecraft revealed that a slow solar wind, flowing in the heliospheric plasma sheet, represents a set of magnetic tubes with plasma of increased density (N > 10cm-3 at the Earth's orbit). They have a fine structure at several spatial scales (fractality), from 2°-3°(at the Earth's orbit, it is equivalent to 3.6-5.4h, or (5.4-8.0)×106km) to the minimum about 0.025°, i.e. the angular size of the nested tubes is changed nearly by two orders of magnitude. The magnetic tubes at each observed spatial scale are diamagnetic, i.e. their surface sustains a flow of diamagnetic (or drift) current that decreases the magnetic field within the tube itself and increases it outside the tube. Furthermore, the value of β= 8π[N(Te + Tp)]/B2 within the tube exceeds the value of βoutside the tube. In many cases total pressure P = N(Te + Tp) + B2/8πis almost constant within and outside the tubes at any one of the aforementioned scales.     

1980年11月5日耀斑的硬、软X射线及微波的象与Hα等光度象的比较

本文对1980年11月5日22点25分开始的1B/M1-M4的Hα耀斑进行了图象处理,绘制了等光度图;与硬、软X射线象,微波象进行了比较.结果表明:1.耀斑的第一次极大,高能电子没有穿透到色球.Hα耀斑主要是由T=107—108K(产生软硬X射线的热区)等离子体向下传导到色球而形成.2.Hα耀斑的第二次极大,是由高能电子轰击色球而形成,Hα耀斑滞后数秒(小于5秒).3.耀斑闪光相,Hα面积与Hα强度同步增长.4.从耀斑前后的横向磁场变化(Hα短纤维的变化),估计磁能释放～1031尔格.      

扭转Alfvén波共振的数学描述

提出完备正交函数基(OFSE)展开方法,求解冕环中无耗散扭转Alfvén波.每个基函数对应冕环中每根磁力线的一个固有角频率ωn,当冕环足点驱动频率等于磁力线的固有频率时,Alfvén波将在这根磁力线处发生共振.采用OFSE方法求解了双足点驱动时冕环Alfvén波的时变演化问题,给出了时变解析解的新形式,其中包含共振项,从共振项可以发现,在共振角频率为ω的共振磁力线附近,在时间t为π/ω的整数倍时,出现δ型间断;在t为π/(2ω)的奇数倍时,出现1/x间断.共振磁力线振幅随时间线性增加,增加的斜率正比于Alfvén波速,反比于冕环长度,与驱动频率无关.     

考虑过载迟滞效应的一个新模型

根据有效残余压应力的概念,并考虑基本循环中残余压应力的松弛,导出了计算过载后裂纹扩展速率的公式其中(da/dn)_0为未受过载影响的扩展速率,u=1 (1-α)λ-(1-α)(k_(ap)/Δk_b),及应力松弛系数 用本文方法对铝合金Ly12,2024,钛合金Ti—6Al—4V等试件在不同载荷情况下的过载迟滞期进行了计算。如令系数n=4,发现计算结果与实验结果符合得相当好。     

БУНЯКОВСКИЙ不等式的一种推广

俄罗斯著名数学家,在一八五九年曾得出下面一个重要不等式[1]: |integral from n=a to b(f_1(x)f_2(x)dx)|≤(integral from n=a to b([f_1(x)]~2dx)~1/2)·(integral from n=a to b(f_2(x)~2dx)~1/2),(1)后来将此不等式推广为[2]: |integral from n=a to b(f_1(x)f_2(x)dx)|≤(integral from n=a to b([f_1(x)]~pdx)~1/p)·(integral from n=a to b([f_2(x)]~qdx))~1/q,(2)式中p、q成相伴数,即须满足条件:(1),(2)式中f_1(x),f_2(x)皆为可积分函数。 我曾在一篇文章中将H?lder不等式,作了一种推广,其结果是: (3)式中之f_1(x),f_2(x)在[a,b]上连续或在[a,b]上有有限个间断点的有界函数,其中之p,q只须满足1/p+1/q≤1,p>1,q>1,即p,q不一定为相伴数。 (3)式中[X_(i-1),X_i]∈[a,b],且a=x_0,b=x_R,o相似文献   

Learning in an immersive digital theater

The Houston Museum of Natural Science, in collaboration with Rice University has an outreach program taking portable digital theaters to schools and community sites for over five years and has conducted research on student learning in this immersive environment. By using an external independent evaluator, the effectiveness of NASA-funded Education and Public Outreach (EPO) projects can be assessed. This paper documents interactive techniques and learning strategies in full-dome digital theaters. The presentation is divided into Evaluation Strategies and Results and Interactivity Strategies and Results. All learners from grades 3–12 showed statistically significant short-term increase in knowledge of basic Earth science concepts after a single 22-min show. Improvements were more significant on items that were taught using more than one modality of instruction: hearing, seeing, discussion, and immersion. Thus immersive theater can be an effective as well as engaging teaching method for Earth and Space science concepts, particularly those that are intrinsically three-dimensional and thus most effectively taught in an immersive environment. The portable system allows taking the educational experience to rural and tribal sites where the underserved students could not afford the time or expense to travel to museums.     

Stochastic particle acceleration by the forced interaction of relativistic current sheets

We address the problem of interacting relativistic current sheets in self-consistent kinetic plasma simulations within the framework of the Particle-In-Cell model. The interaction is enforced in head-on collisions of up to 10 current sheets at relativistic bulk speeds. The simulations are motivated by the general problem of Poynting flux dissipation in ‘striped wind’ configurations presumably governing the relativistic outflows pervasive in pulsar winds and gamma-ray bursts. We identify the generation of non-thermal particles and formation of a stable power-law shape in the particle energy distributions f(γ) dγ ∝ γ^−s dγ. In 1D, a spectral index s ∼ 2 is observed and attributed to a stochastic Fermi-type acceleration mechanism. In 2D, the generic index of s ∼ 3–4 is retained as in previous simulations of individual current sheets. Whereas in 2D the high energy cut-off is constrained by the limited dissipation of magnetic energy, in 1D the process converts the bulk motion of current sheets towards directed particle momentum of an exclusive class of non-thermal particles.     

Scaling analysis and model estimation of solar corona index

A monthly average solar green coronal index time series for the period from January 1939 to December 2008 collected from NOAA (The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration) has been analysed in this paper in perspective of scaling analysis and modelling. Smoothed and de-noising have been done using suitable mother wavelet as a pre-requisite. The Finite Variance Scaling Method (FVSM), Higuchi method, rescaled range (R/S) and a generalized method have been applied to calculate the scaling exponents and fractal dimensions of the time series. Autocorrelation function (ACF) is used to find autoregressive (AR) process and Partial autocorrelation function (PACF) has been used to get the order of AR model. Finally a best fit model has been proposed using Yule-Walker Method with supporting results of goodness of fit and wavelet spectrum. The results reveal an anti-persistent, Short Range Dependent (SRD), self-similar property with signatures of non-causality, non-stationarity and nonlinearity in the data series. The model shows the best fit to the data under observation.     

Development of a gas chromatography compatible Sample Processing System (SPS) for the in-situ analysis of refractory organic matter in martian soil: preliminary results

In the frame of the 2009 Mars Science Laboratory (MSL) mission a new sample preparation system (SPS) compatible with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) has been developed for the in situ analysis of complex organic molecules in the Martian soil. The goal is to detect, if they exist, some of the key compounds that play an important role in life on Earth including carboxylic acids, amino acids and nucleobases.     

基于LuGre模型的电液加载系统摩擦补偿

为了提高电液加载系统控制精度,针对摩擦问题提出了基于LuGre摩擦模型的前馈补偿方法.建立了用于摩擦仿真分析和补偿器设计的电液加载系统数学模型;通过实验获取并分析了相关的摩擦数据;基于实验数据进行LuGre模型参数辨识,把LuGre模型和辨识结果引入电液加载系统数学模型,并进行仿真结果与实际摩擦数据的对照,证明了LuGre摩擦模型的准确性.设计前馈补偿器,进行了实验对比,实验结果表明前馈补偿器可将摩擦产生的控制误差有效地降至未补偿时的30%左右.      

CoRoT and Kepler results: Solar-like oscillators

The space-borne observatories CoRoT (Convection Rotation and planetary Transits) and Kepler have provided photometric time series data of unprecedented precision for large numbers of stars. These data have revolutionized the fields of transiting exoplanets and asteroseismology. In this review some important asteroseismic results obtained using data from the CoRoT and Kepler space missions concerning stars that show solar-like oscillations are discussed. These results comprise, among others, measurements of the location of the base of the convection zone and helium second-ionization zone in main-sequence stars, the presence (or not) of core-helium burning in red-giant stars, as well as differential rotation in these stars.     

Return to Europa: Overview of the Jupiter Europa orbiter mission

Missions to explore Europa have been imagined ever since the Voyager mission first suggested that Europa was geologically very young. Subsequently, the Galileo spacecraft supplied fascinating new insights into this satellite of Jupiter. Now, an international team is proposing a return to the Jupiter system and Europa with the Europa Jupiter System Mission (EJSM). Currently, NASA and ESA are designing two orbiters that would explore the Jovian system and then each would settle into orbit around one of Jupiter’s icy satellites, Europa and Ganymede. In addition, the Japanese Aerospace eXploration Agency (JAXA) is considering a Jupiter magnetospheric orbiter and the Russian Space Agency is investigating a Europa lander.     

Radioactivity of the Moon and planets

In this report the main results of the study of radioactivity of the solar sistem bodies are considered. The radioactivity of the Moon and planets was measured by means of vehicles in situ. The radioactivity of the lunar samples, brought to the Earth was studied with laboratory equipment.     

基于最小值原理的冗余度机器人动力学控制

为了解冗余度机器人全局法优化中数值求解的困难,本文讨论了动力学方程的建立,无约束和有约束最优控制问题之间的内在联系,重点分析了求解最优控制问题的数值方法,文中提出了双向异步积分迭代的求解正则方程组的直接迭代法,较好解决了状态方程和协态方程稳定相逆给求解两点这值问题带来的困难。     

基于GPS载波相位的微卫星姿态算法研究

GPS姿态系统是利用GPS载波相位测量来确定载体的航向和姿态角。本文对微卫星的GPS姿态系统进行了研究。重点解决短基线的GPS状态算法，讨论了姿态价格函数的了小化方法。测试结果表明，所提的算法对小于1m的基线是有效的。