Selecting a programming language for your project

Since the mandate was dropped that the Ada language had to be used in all DoD projects, software managers have had more freedom to choose which programming language to use on their DoD projects. For most new DoD software projects that need a general purpose high-level language, Ada, C, or C++ are the main contenders, with increasing attention paid to the new language celebrity, Java. Furthermore, multilanguage systems seems to be getting increasingly popular. As a result, companies offer integrated multilanguage programming environments. Although each programming language has its own strengths and weaknesses, the reason for choosing a particular language may ultimately be based on factors having nothing to do with the technical merits of the language itself. Such factors may include the availability of compilers for the host/target, the maturity and efficiency of available compilers, the availability of programmers who already know the language, whether the language can easily interface with existing systems such as graphical user interfaces or data bases, the existence of legacy software written in a specific language, or how well the language fits in with adopted COTS products. A few common misconceptions that may affect the choice of a programming language are listed     

假如使用Ada语言

介绍了Ada语言的应用现状及其前景,并通过一项实验说明Ada语言比C语言更适合于航空电子软件开发。     

Rationale for the development of the UK defence standards forsafety-critical computer software

Changes in the procurement environment and developments in technology that will require the adoption of new development certification procedures within the next few years are examined. Characteristics of safety-critical computer systems and the safety problems posed by digital computers are described. The way in which the changes have influenced the preparation of the new draft defence standards offered for public debate in the UK prior to their formal adoption by the Ministry of Defence is discussed. Principle features of the future safety-critical systems policy are outlined. The use of Ada for safety-critical software is considered     

Methodology for cost-effective software fault tolerance formission-critical systems

A computing capabilities continue to advance, there will be a concurrent rise in the number of both hardware and software faults. These will be caused by the greater volume of more complex software, by the increased number of untested software states, and by more incidents of hardware/software interaction faults as a result of increased hardware speed and density. The traditional software implemented fault tolerance: approaches have been successfully utilized in life-critical systems, such as digital flight controls, where their additional costs can be easily justified. Examples include N-Version Programming and Recovery Block approaches. However, there is still a need for dependable computing for mission-critical applications as well. Often, these traditional techniques are avoided for mission-critical systems due to the difficulty in justifying their extra up-front development cost. We provide an alternative for the high “sunk cost” of traditional software fault tolerance techniques. The methodology, called data fusion integrity processes (DFIPs), is a simple, yet effective technique for mission-critical systems. In addition, the approach establishes a framework from which other costlier, more extensive traditional techniques can be added. We present details of the DFIP methodology and a DFIP framework for Ada programs. We also briefly discuss development of a DFIP code generation system which exploits Java that will enable users to quickly build a DFIP framework in Ada, and select reusable DFIP component methods     

测控中心计算机系统的自主可控技术研究

测控中心计算机系统是测控中心的核心枢纽,通过自主可控技术加强其安全性,摆脱对国外软硬件的依赖,是当务之急。在分析测控中心计算机系统特点的基础上,对测控中心计算机系统自主可控技术的研究与实践进行了总结,列举了实践中遇到的基础部件国产化程度不高、开源软件问题多、自主可控产品商品化程度不高等问题。针对自主可控技术不甚成熟的情况,提出了国产软硬件产品的技术摸底、详尽测试、加强基础软件的版本管理和控制等发展建议,以推动自主可控技术在测控中心领域的应用和发展。     

航天飞机主发动机健康监控技术

美国航天飞机主发动机(SSME)的健康监控系统具有目前液体火箭发动机健康监控技术的先进水平.近年来围绕SSME的健康监控问题开展了大量、广泛的研究工作,这些研究标志着液体推进技术的一个新的发展方向.本文综合评述了在这一新的研究领域里所取得的最新进展.     

Channelization: the two-fault tolerant attitude control functionfor the Space Station Freedom

The Space Station Freedom was, from the mid-1980's through 1993, the design for an international orbiting laboratory facility. The Space Station Freedom was comprised of “utility” systems, such as power generation and distribution, thermal management, and data processing, and “user” systems such as communication and tracking, propulsion, payload support, and guidance, navigation, and control. These systems are required to work together to provide various station functions. To protect the lives onboard and the investment in the station, the systems and their connectivity had to be designed to continue to support critical functions after any single fault for early assembly stages, and after any two faults for later stages. Of these critical functions, attitude control was the most global, incorporating equipment from nearly all major systems. The challenge was to develop an architecture, or integration, of these systems that would achieve the specified level of fault tolerant attitude control and operate, autonomously, for the three-month unmanned periods during the assembly process. Additionally, this architecture had to maintain the desired utility of the station for each stage of the assembly process. This paper discusses the approach developed for integrating the systems such that the fault tolerance requirements were met for all stages of assembly. Some of the key integration issues are examined and the role of analysis tools are described. The resultant design was a highly channelized one, and the reasons and the benefits of this design will be explored. The final design was accepted by the Space Station Control Board as the design baseline in July 1992     

VLSTA: virtual instrument standard test architecture

Diagrammatic programming environments provide a unique challenge for the developers of test software. These cost effective environments facilitate access to technologies such as VXI, provide speedy development of highly effective user interfaces, and eliminate many of the tasks often associated with hardware integration in complex test systems. Nonetheless, difficulties can arise when designing functional and diagnostic test software in this environment. This paper introduces VISTA, a promising new architecture which allows users to elude most of the difficulties of building detailed functional and diagnostic Test Program Sets (TPSs), while taking full advantage of the benefits of diagrammatic programming environments. Here we examine an implementation of the VISTA architecture, the integration of advanced diagnostics, and the use of diagrammatic programming as a test language cross compiler     

航空发动机轴承腔热分析软件开发

为了对航空发动机轴承腔进行性能分析,研究了一种全新的、高效的发动机轴承腔热分析软件。软件以热网络算法为基础,将发动机轴承腔分解成由相应的典型元件和节点组成的热网络,采用温度节点和传热元件组成的网络来描述轴承腔。介绍了基于面向对象程序设计语言Delphi技术的发动机轴承腔热分析软件的设计与开发技术。软件前台采用图形建模方式生成计算网络,后台采用了网络自动识别技术,方便了复杂网络的建立,并结合Delphi,建立了一个以桌面数据库为支撑的可视化应用系统体系。     

A safety kernel for traffic light control

The success of kernels for enforcing security in software systems has led to proposals to use kernels for enforcing safety. This paper presents a feasibility demonstration of one particular proposal for a safety kernel via the application of traffic light control. The paper begins with the safety properties for traffic light control and specifies a kernel that maintains the safety properties. An implementation sketch of the kernel in Ada is given and use of the kernel is discussed. The contribution of the paper is a demonstration that a kernel is a feasible and desirable technique for software in a realistic, safety-critical application. The paper also illustrates how formal methods aid the software engineer in constructing and reasoning about such software     

开源数据库在卫星控制中心的应用研究

实现信息系统的自主、安全、可控已成为测控中心系统的研究方向和建设目标。研究应用自主可控数据库是实现测控中心系统全面自主可控的重要环节。目前,卫星控制中心的数据存储系统大多以Oracle数据库为主,软件和技术服务费用昂贵,更新维护成本高,且可能带有信息安全和任务安全方面的风险。针对上述这些问题,研究分析了开源数据库MySQL在卫星控制中心系统中应用的可行性,对MySQL数据库做了全面测试,包括功能、性能、系统级的高可用测试,以及MySQL与Oracle数据库的性能对比测试。研究和测试结果表明,MySQL开源数据库可以用于卫星控制中心系统以及类似的测控中心应用系统,对今后测控中心系统应用自主可控数据库具有参考价值和借鉴意义。     

平台式惯导系统初始对准及导航的软件设计

方位锁定小转角对准法是近年来提出的一种新的平台式惯导系统初始对准法。除限于实验设备等因素外,还由于采用汇编语言编制惯导系统软件是一项极为繁琐的工作,需要花费大量的时间和精力;因此,在此之前,本方案和很多其它方案一样,所能做的仅仅是数学仿真。本文的目的就是通过对这种初始对准方法进行软件设计与研究,力求编制一     

Linux环境下MPI并行编程与算法实现研究

并行计算实现求解一些复杂的问题,并行编程技术的进步使得并行计算逐步应用到很多领域。MPI是一种消息传递编程模型并可以被广泛使用的编写消息传递程序的标准,已扩展为一种优秀的并行程序设计语言。该文简要介绍了有关并行编程的基本概念与方法,深入讨论了MPI并行编程环境与并行编程模式,对MPI并行性进行了分析,给出了Linux环境下MPI编程环境的配置方法,最后结合一个实例详细描述了用MPI实现并行算法的方法。通过对实验程序的结果分析,在Linux机群环境下用MPI实现复杂的并行算法是简单的,并且能取得较好的性能。     

虚拟现实技术在某民机培训中的应用

虚拟现实技术是20世纪兴起的一项综合性技术,随着科学技术的发展,该技术得到了快速的发展及广泛的应用。针对传统民机培训中存在的课程枯燥、培训效率低下以及成本高昂等问题,虚拟现实技术被逐步应用到民机培训中,并得到长足的发展。对某民机培训中心搭建的虚拟现实培训系统进行了介绍,包括大型沉浸式、头盔式及桌面式三种虚拟现实培训平台,详细介绍了以上三种虚拟现实培训系统的软、硬件组成,包括显示系统、交互设备及开发软件等;并对三种虚拟现实培训系统的优缺点进行了简要总结。针对培训内容在开发过程中存在的复杂、繁琐问题,介绍了基于Unity 3D开发引擎且适用于三种虚拟现实培训系统的无编程课件开发流程。最后对虚拟现实技术在民机培训中的发展方向进行了展望。     

整体壳段典型特征高效模块化编程技术

整体壳段为航天产品核心零部件，具有结构复杂、尺寸精度高、材料去除率大、工艺过程复杂、加工周期长等特点。在壳段数控加工过程中，存在编程难度大、重复工作量大、效率低及编程质量与编程人员能力水平密切相关等问题。为了适应高效、高可靠性的任务需求，依托成熟商用CAM软件，通过对整体壳段典型特征的分析，基于UG NX软件平台研究并开发了典型特征自动化编程模块，有效提高了加工程序的质量稳定性，并极大降低了工艺人员的编程操作量，提高了工艺设计效率。     

航空发动机试车数据分析软件简介

介绍了使用高级程序设计语言Visual Basic开发的航空发动机试车数据分析软件的构成、功能和特点。实际应用与试验对比证明,该软件不仅结果准确,而且省时、简便、实用性强。     

Applying independent verification and validation to the automatictest equipment life cycle

Automatic Test Equipment (ATE) is becoming increasingly more sophisticated and complex, with an even greater dependency on software. With the onset of Versa Modular Eurocard (VME) Extensions for Instrumentation (VXI) technology into ATE, which is supposed to bring about the promise of interchangeable instrument components. ATE customers are forced to contend with system integration and software issues. One way the ATE customer can combat these problems is to have a separate Independent Verification and Validation (IV&V) organization employ rigorous methodologies to evaluate the correctness and quality of the ATE product throughout its life cycle. IV&V is a systems engineering process where verification determines if the ATE meets its specifications, and validation determines if the ATE performs to the customer's expectations. IV&V has the highest potential payoff of assuring a safe and reliable system if it is initiated at the beginning of the acquisition life cycle and continued throughout the acceptance of the system. It is illustrated that IV&V effects are more pronounced when IV&V activities begin early in the software development life cycle, but later application of IV&V is still deemed to have a significant impact. IV&V is an effective technique to reducing costs, schedule, and performance risks on the development of complex ATE, and a “tool” to efficiently and effectively manage ATE development risks. The IV&V organization has the ability to perform a focused and systematic technical evaluation of hardware and software processes and products. When performed in parallel with the ATE development life cycle, IV&V provides for early detection     

捷联惯导系统的软件开发

本文介绍在PC机上开发捷联惯导系统软件并进行数字仿真的方法,讨论了从分配软件任务,到开发实时软件、管理软件、仿真软件,直至固化运行的全过程。还介绍了ASM-86语尔、PL/M-86语言与C语言混合编程的技巧与优点。该方法与传统的在86/380开发系统上开发捷联系统软件的方法相比,具有良好的经济效益与实用价值。同时,本方法具有通用性,可用在以8086为基体的单板机软件开发上。     

Engineering test beds on the International Space Station

The International Space Station is a unique multi-faceted orbiting laboratory supporting research, development, test and evaluation of new innovative space and Earth-based applications. While NASA sponsored investigations on the ISS are focused largely on enabling future long duration human space exploration missions, Congress designated the US portion of the space station as a National Laboratory making its facilities available to other Federal agencies and private entities for non-exploration related ventures. RDT&E activities on the ISS encompass a number of technical areas including environmental control and life support, communications, materials science, guidance, navigation and control, propulsion, electrical power, and thermal control systems.     

燃气轮机分布式仿真的现状与展望

燃气轮机仿真正在从单一的、定制的仿真程序,向多学科综合的、适应各种需要的仿真环境发展。由于燃气轮机各个部件模型通常使用不同的编程模型和编程语言,需要在系统层次采用统一的编程模型来进行集成,同时屏蔽编程语言的差异。本文从编程模型的角度出发,对各种分布式仿真技术进行比较分析,并介绍了国内外燃气轮机仿真的发展现状。最后对国内燃气轮机分布式仿真的发展方向进行了探讨。